Visualising rural access index and not served rural population in Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 0308518X2110357
Author(s):  
Wanjing Li ◽  
Qi Zhou ◽  
Yuheng Zhang ◽  
Yijun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Rural Road ◽  
Rural Access ◽  
Fine Scale Mapping

The rural access index is beneficial to monitor accessibility in rural areas. However, the rural access index cannot indicate how many rural people have not been served (called not served rural population or NSRP), and it has only been mapped at a national and/or regional scale. This study visualises both the rural access index and not served rural population in Africa, and also visualises the not served rural population at a fine scale (i.e. 10 km × 10 km grid). The results show that: First, the spatial pattern of the not served rural population is quite different with that of the rural access index, and thus we suggest to use the not served rural population indicator as a supplement of the rural access index. Second, the not served rural population varies within a country, and the fine-scale mapping can be helpful for policy makers and planners to decide where there is a priority need to improve rural road accessibility.

scholarly journals Micro Finance in Manipur

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
Robita S
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Self Reliance

Manipur lives in villages. The rural population contributes to about 76.12% of the total population. Enhancement in the quality of life of the economically weaker section of the society has been one of the basic objectives of development planning of the State. Rural development, by empowering the rural masses through economic self-reliance, is one of the priority areas of the Central and State Govts. To bring about development in rural areas, the govts. and banks/financial institutions have formulated various programmes and schemes. Micro Finance is one such scheme adopted for the development of rural people.

ROLE OF GRAM PANCHAYAT IN HANDLING POST-COVID MEASURES IN INDIA: AN EVALUATIVE STUDY

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-32
Author(s):  
Parvez Shahid Ali
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Protection Measure ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Evaluative Study ◽  
Deadly Disease

Dealing with globally spread Covid-19 pandemic in 2020-2021 is a big issue for India, like most of the other countries of this world. Restrictions of lockdown have shattered various sections of our country. These sections need national attention with top priority to bring back normalcy. In this area, protecting health and livelihood of rural areas come as signicant parts in a Covid protection measure. Here, we should particularly mention the role of Gram Panchayat without whom, this task would certainly be difcult to handle. Rural areas of India are still very backward if we compare them with our urbanized zones. In those remote villages, Gram Panchayat is the self-governance body that is functional to maintain safety and well-being of the rural people. Our Government has launched a number of arrangements and schemes in current years providing Gram Panchayat surplus and improved support for handling rural issues. In a crucial time as this Covid-19 pandemic, such initiatives and even more should be sanctioned for our Gram Panchayats boosting their efciency to keep safe our rural population, make them properly aware about the deadly disease as well as ensure provisions and security to stabilize them. Issues, such as, migrant villagers and supporting their dropped economy are something that become their additional responsibilities. In our Evaluative Study, we have found exclusive methods in which our Gram Panchayats have worked to support all the above stated problems. We have identied certain innovative approaches applied as post-covid preventions measures in rural areas that can be further enhanced to deal similar crisis.

scholarly journals Financial Literacy of Rural Population as a Determinant of Saving Behavior in Kazakhstan

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (333) ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
Sholpan Gaisina ◽  
Lyazzat Kaidarova
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Financial Education ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Financial Decisions ◽  
Financial Products ◽  
Saving Rates

Abstract In rural Kazakhstan, the credit and insurance services are limited and the state support is weak. Therefore, households’ saving is crucial to provide an insurance against the economic and social shocks. The main goal of this study is to contribute to the literature on financial literacy in emerging economies, namely, the effect of financial literacy on saving rates of rural population. Being well educated not always means to be financial literate and make efficient decisions regarding one’s own finance. People with a lower formal education level but with better experience in consuming financial products could be better prepared for making financial decisions including those related to savings. In this paper other socio-economic determinants of saving rates were taken into account, such as an income level, family size and an employment status. This research was carried out in Pavlodar region of Kazakhstan, and the data collection took place in spring 2014. In total, 405 households were surveyed. Results of the analysis show that if a respondent gives at least one correct answer, it positively affects the saving rates as well as one can observe that the higher the financial literacy level, the higher are the saving rates. Availability of state supported financial education programs for rural people will significantly contribute to the financial literacy improvement. At the same time, providing various and appropriate financial products in rural areas will motivate rural people to search for new knowledge and require authorities to intensify activities in this field.

Research on Improvement of Rural area Population Spatial Distribution Model Based on Random Forests

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Dong
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Fine Scale

<p>Since the founding of New China, especially since the reform and opening up, China has experienced the fastest economic development and the most profound population migration in history. The large-scale migration of China's rural population and labor force is particularly evident. China's rural population accounts for 40.42% in 2019. China's rural population is large, and urban-rural and regional differences are also large. Due to the current data and information limitations and the characteristics of China's national conditions, there are very few related studies on China's overall rural population.</p><p>Fine-scale population distribution data at the fine scale play an essential role in numerous fields, for example urban planning and management, and disaster assessment and developing population differentiation policies. The rapid technological development of remote sensing (RS) and geographical information system (GIS) in recent decades has benefited many fine resolution population spatialization studies. However, most of the existing population spatialization methods have been studied at the regional or urban scale, and few studies have been conducted on the unit population in rural areas. In view of the fact that existing demographic data cannot meet the actual needs of analysis, management and scientific research in terms of spatial precision, a new population distribution estimation method combining nighttime lighting and residential building attributes is proposed in our study. In view of this, studying the spatial distribution of the population in rural areas is used as the purpose of this article. Based on the night light data, natural city boundaries are determined. A rural area delineation method based on Head-to-Tail segmentation classification combined with administrative village verification is proposed, which provides a feasible method for large-scale automatic extraction of rural area boundaries. Coupled with POI (Points of Interest) data, based on elevation, slope, night light images, and land cover, the population spatialization model of the random forest is developed and improved based on the weight of the house properties and light intensity. Finally, a high-precision population distribution dataset is obtained, which is closer to the actual population distribution. The research results show that based on the proposed population spatialization model, street demographic values can be fitted better, and the basis for more accurate population estimation is laid. It provides a reference for data fusion and is of great significance for rural area development planning.</p>

RURAL MEDICINE. CONDITION AND ISSUES

2020 ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Yuliya M. Beglyakova ◽  
◽  
Aleksander S. Shchirskii ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Rural Medicine ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Number Of Treatment ◽  
The Village

The article analyses the accessibility of medical facilities in rural areas of modern Russia and the specifics of their organization and development. The authors reveal causes why rural residents have much less opportunities to seek quality medical care than urban ones, what leads to a disparity between the inhabitants of the city and the village. The thesis is substantiated that state programmes that should make health services accessible to the rural population to a greater extent do not cope with the task at hand. An attempt is made to highlight the public’s response to the existing disparity in the health services of the villagers compared to urban dwellers. Such a reaction can be considered an outflow of people from rural areas, and an increase in self-medication among rural people as a result of the difficulty in obtaining health services. The decrease in the number of treatment facilities in rural areas leads to a deterioration in the medicine situation in rural areas. That, according to the authors of the article, justifies the need to study the issues associated with the provision of medical care to the rural population.

Integrated Assessment of Socio-Economic Development of Rural Areas, Taking into Account Differences in Population Density

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
N.N. Balashova ◽  
◽  
D.A. Korobeynikov ◽  
S.A. Popova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Integrated Assessment ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Socio Economic Development

Typologization of rural areas, taking into account differences in population density and level of socio-economic development, is necessary to identify “growth points” and strategic sustainability benchmarks. The method of integrated assessment of the level of socio-economic development of rural territories is proposed, according to which the grouping of Russian regions is carried out. Applying data on rural population density to the results of calculations allowed us to identify 12 typological groups, in the context of which unified recommendations on sustainable development of territories should be formed.

scholarly journals Influence of the North Atlantic oscillation on the atmospheric levels of benzo[a]pyrene over Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Jiménez-Guerrero ◽  
Nuno Ratola
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
North Atlantic Oscillation ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
The South ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The North Atlantic Oscillation

AbstractThe atmospheric concentration of persistent organic pollutants (and of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs, in particular) is closely related to climate change and climatic fluctuations, which are likely to influence contaminant’s transport pathways and transfer processes. Predicting how climate variability alters PAHs concentrations in the atmosphere still poses an exceptional challenge. In this sense, the main objective of this contribution is to assess the relationship between the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index and the mean concentration of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP, the most studied PAH congener) in a domain covering Europe, with an emphasis on the effect of regional-scale processes. A numerical simulation for a present climate period of 30 years was performed using a regional chemistry transport model with a 25 km spatial resolution (horizontal), higher than those commonly applied. The results show an important seasonal behaviour, with a remarkable spatial pattern of difference between the north and the south of the domain. In winter, higher BaP ground levels are found during the NAO+ phase for the Mediterranean basin, while the spatial pattern of this feature (higher BaP levels during NAO+ phases) moves northwards in summer. These results show deviations up to and sometimes over 100% in the BaP mean concentrations, but statistically significant signals (p<0.1) of lower changes (20–40% variations in the signal) are found for the north of the domain in winter and for the south in summer.

Developing and Validating a Scale of Tourism Gentrification in Rural Areas

2021 ◽  
pp. 109634802110149
Author(s):  
Chaohui Wang ◽  
Yumei Xu ◽  
Tingting (Christina) Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Rural Tourism ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Community Culture ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Cultural Appreciation ◽  
Great Progress ◽  
Development And Validation

In recent years, tourism gentrification has made great progress in rural areas and has had significant impacts on these areas’ development, specifically in the domains of the economy, living standards, community, culture, and environment. Tourists play a key role in developing tourism gentrification in rural areas, but research investigating tourism gentrification in rural areas from the tourist perspective is scarce. To fill this gap, we focus on tourism gentrification and develop a measurement scale from the tourist perspective through multiple qualitative and quantitative steps. Our findings confirm that tourism gentrification in rural areas from the tourist perspective comprises eight dimensions: economic growth, enhanced environment, enhanced living standards, individual civilization, improved communication, promoted social environment, cultural appreciation, and improved individual quality. Through development and validation of the scale, we hope to offer a comprehensive referencing index of tourism gentrification in rural areas to policy makers and rural tourism practitioners.

scholarly journals Ecological Connectivity in Agricultural Green Infrastructure:  Suggested Criteria for Fine Scale Assessment and Planning

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 807
Author(s):  
Simone Valeri ◽  
Laura Zavattero ◽  
Giulia Capotorti
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Landscape Heterogeneity ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Spatial Pattern Analysis ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Unique Type

In promoting biodiversity conservation and ecosystem service capacity, landscape connectivity is considered a critical feature to counteract the negative effects of fragmentation. Under a Green Infrastructure (GI) perspective, this is especially true in rural and peri-urban areas where a high degree of connectivity may be associated with the enhancement of agriculture multifunctionality and sustainability. With respect to GI planning and connectivity assessment, the role of dispersal traits of tree species is gaining increasing attention. However, little evidence is available on how to select plant species to be primarily favored, as well as on the role of landscape heterogeneity and habitat quality in driving the dispersal success. The present work is aimed at suggesting a methodological approach for addressing these knowledge gaps, at fine scales and for peri-urban agricultural landscapes, by means of a case study in the Metropolitan City of Rome. The study area was stratified into Environmental Units, each supporting a unique type of Potential Natural Vegetation (PNV), and a multi-step procedure was designed for setting priorities aimed at enhancing connectivity. First, GI components were defined based on the selection of the target species to be supported, on a fine scale land cover mapping and on the assessment of land cover type naturalness. Second, the study area was characterized by a Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA) and connectivity was assessed by Number of Components (NC) and functional connectivity metrics. Third, conservation and restoration measures have been prioritized and statistically validated. Notwithstanding the recognized limits, the approach proved to be functional in the considered context and at the adopted level of detail. Therefore, it could give useful methodological hints for the requalification of transitional urban–rural areas and for the achievement of related sustainable development goals in metropolitan regions.

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