scholarly journals Mobile workers, contingent labour: Migration, the gig economy and the multiplication of labour

2021 ◽  
pp. 0308518X2110548
Author(s):  
Moritz Altenried
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Food Delivery ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Migrant Labour ◽  
Gig Economy ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
Delivery Platform ◽  
The Relationship

The article takes the surprising exit of the food delivery platform Deliveroo from Berlin as a starting point to analyse the relationship between migration and the gig economy. In Berlin and many cities across the globe, migrant workers are indispensable to the operations of digital platforms such as Uber, Helpling, or Deliveroo. The article uses in-depth ethnographic and qualitative research to show how the latter's exit from Berlin provides an almost exemplary picture of why urban gig economy platforms are strongholds of migrant labour, while at the same time, demonstrating the very contingency of this form of work. The article analyses the specific reasons why digital platforms are particularly open to migrants and argues that the very combination of new forms of algorithmic management and hyper-flexible forms of employment that is characteristic of gig economy platforms is also the reason why these platforms are geared perfectly toward the exploitation of migrant labour. This allows the analysis of digital platforms in the context of stratified labour markets and situates them within a long history of contingent labour that is closely intertwined with the mobility of labour.

scholarly journals Vasyl Domanytskyi’s Participation in Work of “Vik” Publishing House

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Bohdan Tsymbal
Keyword(s):  
Publishing House ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Terminus Post Quem ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Printed Sources

The paper explores the initial activity of Kyiv publishing house “Vik” and Vasyl Domanytsky’s participation in its work. The history of the publishing house has not been properly studied yet. The vast majority of sources used by the scholars contain many inconsistencies, and the existing research works don’t pay attention to the causes of the differences, but rather exacerbate the problem due to uncritical attitude to the sources. The author, therefore, focuses on three issues: 1) the time when the publishing house was founded; 2) its employees; 3) Domanytskyi’s participation in its work. Researchers date the origins of the publishing house differently, within a wide period of 1894–1897. Most of them rely on a limited range of printed sources that may contain some mistakes. Based on the crossed analysis of the ‘main’ (popular) sources with the involvement of those less popular among specialists, the author identified the causes of differences in the works of the scholars and made an attempt to explain the causes of such inaccuracies. The new archival materials not only confirmed the results of studying the printed sources but also helped to establish the earliest documented date directly related to the work of the publishing house. This date may be reasonably taken as a starting point of its history. Studying the archival documents of the censorship department allows making some assumptions about the staff of the publishing house, which although remains insufficiently studied. The list of personalities is still limited to the five most famous members of the publishing circle. The findings also help to clarify the terminus post quem of Vasyl Domanytskyi’s involvement in the work of the publishing house. The results obtained are important not only for the further study of the history of Ukrainian book printing but also for highlighting the relationship of publishers with the censorship in the Russian Empire and the work of the Kyiv “Moloda Hromada” circle. The paper explores the initial activity of Kyiv publishing house “Vik” and Vasyl Domanytsky’s participation in its work. The history of the publishing house has not been properly studied yet. The vast majority of sources used by the scholars contain many inconsistencies, and the existing research works don’t pay attention to the causes of the differences, but rather exacerbate the problem due to uncritical attitude to the sources. The author, therefore, focuses on three issues: 1) the time when the publishing house was founded; 2) its employees; 3) Domanytskyi’s participation in its work. Researchers date the origins of the publishing house differently, within a wide period of 1894–1897. Most of them rely on a limited range of printed sources that may contain some mistakes. Based on the crossed analysis of the ‘main’ (popular) sources with the involvement of those less popular among specialists, the author identified the causes of differences in the works of the scholars and made an attempt to explain the causes of such inaccuracies. The new archival materials not only confirmed the results of studying the printed sources but also helped to establish the earliest documented date directly related to the work of the publishing house. This date may be reasonably taken as a starting point of its history. Studying the archival documents of the censorship department allows making some assumptions about the staff of the publishing house, which although remains insufficiently studied. The list of personalities is still limited to the five most famous members of the publishing circle. The findings also help to clarify the terminus post quem of Vasyl Domanytskyi’s involvement in the work of the publishing house. The results obtained are important not only for the further study of the history of Ukrainian book printing but also for highlighting the relationship of publishers with the censorship in the Russian Empire and the work of the Kyiv “Moloda Hromada” circle.

Migrant Labour and Their “Capitalist Compatriots”: Towards a History of Ethnic Capitalism

2021 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-194
Author(s):  
Andonis Piperoglou
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Migrant Labour ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Petite Bourgeoisie ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between migration and Australian capitalism has long been a topic of robust scholarly debate in sociology and economics. Researchers in those fields have highlighted how migration has left an indelible imprint on Australian capitalism. By contrast, Australian migration histories have given scant attention to the role ethnic groups played in Australian capitalism. This lack of attention is particularly curious in historical studies of Greek Australia given the significance of small business in facilitating migration and settlement. From Federation onwards, Greek ethnic capitalism - or, more precisely, the relations between Greek migrant labourers and their petite bourgeoisie employers - became a topic of media coverage. In fact, the relations between Greek workers and employers were so important that newspapers routinely reported on the subject. This article examines this media coverage, its racialist and criminalising connotations, and historical relevance. It concludes with some observations on how histories of capitalism can productively engage with the histories of ethnicisation.

Crafts Traders versus the State

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dillon Mahoney
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
The State ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
British Colonialism ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Diverse Backgrounds ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter traces the development of Kenya’s tourism and handicraft industries from their roots in 20th century British colonialism to provide some of the broader history of Kenya’s tourism and co-operative development, their emergence in Mombasa, and their relationships with local governments. I draw on archival as well as ethnographic data collected just before the 2002 demolition of Mombasa’s roadside kiosks, which form the starting point for the larger longitudinal study. I focus on the array of experiences of Mombasa’s roadside traders of diverse backgrounds as they struggle with the privatization and segregation of urban residential and commercial space both before and after the demolitions. The economy was radically altered as the roadsides were “cleaned” and a new wave of economic formalization characterized the relationship between small-scale businesspeople and the state. For many entrepreneurs invested in the global crafts trade, this was the final straw that pushed them toward new technologies, jumping scales into global markets, and investing in export and wholesale businesses that were not spatially dependent upon a connection to the city center.

scholarly journals Dueling, Conflicting Masculinities, and the Victorian Gentleman

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margery Masterson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Multifaceted Approach ◽  
Multiple Modes ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Modern Britain ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis article takes an unexplored popular debate from the 1860s over the role of dueling in regulating gentlemanly conduct as the starting point to examine the relationship between elite Victorian masculinities and interpersonal violence. In the absence of a meaningful replacement for dueling and other ritualized acts meant to defend personal honor, multiple modes of often conflicting masculinities became available to genteel men in the middle of the nineteenth century. Considering the security fears of the period––European and imperial, real and imagined––the article illustrates how pacific and martial masculine identities coexisted in a shifting and uneasy balance. The professional character of the enlarging gentlemanly classes and the increased importance of men's domestic identities––trends often aligned with hegemonic masculinity––played an ambivalent role in popular attitudes to interpersonal violence. The cultural history of dueling can thus inform a multifaceted approach toward gender, class, and violence in modern Britain.

The Memory About Skopje and Beethoven’s Symphony No. 9

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
Julijana Papazova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban History ◽  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Opening Ceremony ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
Musical Event ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Project ◽  
The Relationship

In 2013, the International Skopje Summer Festival (founded in 1980) was traditionally opened on June 21, the World Day of Music, with Beethoven’s Symphony No. 9. The opening ceremony had a symbolic message: the performance of the symphony marked the 50th anniversary of the devastating earthquake in Skopje in 1963. This musical event was the starting-point of the research which is aimed at presenting a contemporary redefinition of Beethoven’s musical legacy and to analyze the meaning of the composition in the context of memory about a particular urban environment. At the same time the primary topic for analysis was expanded with the recent cultural-political project titled “Skopje 2014,” realized in the last decade, with purpose to obtain a more dynamical level of discussion that marks the relationship between music and memory in the urban history of Skopje.

From Flexible Labour to ‘Sticky Labour’: A Tracking Study of Workers in the Food-Delivery Platform Economy of China

2021 ◽  
pp. 095001702110215
Author(s):  
Ping Sun ◽  
Julie Yujie Chen ◽  
Uma Rani
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Food Delivery ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Delivery Platform ◽  
Platform Economy ◽  
Labour Management

Despite considerable scholarly attention to the proliferation of gig work on digital platforms, research tracing the broad trends of labour relations is scant. Analysing interview and survey data on food-delivery workers in China between 2018 and 2019, this article demonstrates a trend of de-flexibilisation for workers, which contradicts the purported flexibility of platform-mediated work. It is argued that de-flexibilisation is achieved through intertwined labour management tactics, technological engineering, and the cultural normalisation of platform-dependent precarious jobs. Platform companies and third-party staffing agencies have jointly deployed algorithmic systems and communicative techniques to cultivate what we refer to as ‘sticky labour’. The study contributes to the current debate on working in platform capitalism by weighing the compound effects of labour management strategies, social impact of technological engineering of the work process, and the cultural normalisation of platform work.

The labour market in Poland - preceding the cultural transformations associated with the influx of immigrants

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Michał Kwiatkowski
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Happy Life ◽  
Cultural Transformations ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Polish Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
Psychological Acceptance

This article attempts to analyse preparation of the Polish labour market to welcome migrant workers from outside the European Union. In addition to the numerous statistics showing the current state of the domestic labour market, the author focuses on aspects related to entering the job market by young people and their chances of getting a job. Also analysed is the readiness of Polish society to accept immigrants. The psychological acceptance of immigrants is an extremely important area, especially in the situation of mass inflow of workers from Ukraine, Belarus and other countries from post-Soviet Europe. According to official statistics over 2 million people came to Poland since 2014, which is the largest wave of immigration in the modern history of Poland. Current and adequate knowledge about the Polish labour market is only a starting point for undertaking work on the development of mechanisms to facilitate the immigrants not only the beginning of work, but also a happy life in Poland

Darwin's Flinch: Sensation Theatre and Scientific Looking in 1872

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany Watt-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Observation ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theatrical Spectatorship ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This article explores the relationship between Darwin's The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (London: Murray, 1872) and the debates surrounding audiences of sensation theatre. It takes as its starting point a flinch performed by Darwin in a self-experiment at London Zoological Gardens. Darwin's flinch combined the act of scientific observation with a self-consciously staged emotional gesture. In the 1860s and early 1870s, the passionate and demonstrative audiences of sensation plays were similarly understood to watch themselves feeling. In this economy of emotional surfaces, actors and audience were caught up in unsettling relations between outwards expression and the remote landscape of interior feeling. Entangled in this theatrical instability, Darwin's scientific observation reflected broader cultural concerns about the reliability of the emotional body. Thus the article offers Darwin's Expression as an unusual but nonetheless suggestive artefact of theatrical spectatorship in 1872, while also contributing to recent debates about the history of objectivity and its supposedly unemotional and restrained scientific observer. It argues that the technique of self-conscious emotional spectatorship, shared by Darwin and theatre audiences, constituted a distinctive model of late Victorian emotion and visuality, in which communities of spectators were also spectators of themselves.

Representing the City: Non-Representation, Digital Archives and Megacity Phenomena

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 227-238
Author(s):  
Simon Dawes
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Digital Archives ◽  
3D Mapping ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Taking technological developments in urban mapping and the megacity phenomena of rapid change and sprawling space as its starting point, this essay provides a history of the present through a genealogy of maps of Montpellier in France, a rapidly growing modern city that provides examples from the earliest printed maps of the 16th century through to the most recent innovations in public-sponsored 3D mapping. By tracing the shifting correlations of narrative elements, it places in historical perspective the relationship between those concepts, such as verticality and horizontality, and perception and representation, which are problematized in the contemporary contexts of megacities and digital technology.

scholarly journals 340 - VISUAL HALLUCINATIONS SECONDARY TO ROPINIROLE: CASE REPORT

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (S1) ◽  
pp. 100-100
Author(s):  
A.M. Carvalheiro ◽  
Joana Maia
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Case ◽  
Visual Hallucinations ◽  
Clinical Process ◽  
The Past ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Stimulation Of

Objectives:Using as a starting point a clinical case, the authors performed a literature review to clarify the relationship between visual hallucinations and treatment with ropinirole.Methods:Analysis of the patient's clinical process and brief review of the latest available literature on the subject, published in PubMed/Medline databases.Results:Female patient, 89 years old, without psychiatric illness, brought to the emergency room by visual hallucinations, in the past 3 days “I see red, blue and green spots and roses on your sweater and a lot of flowers on that lady's blouse”sic. She recognised them as unreal (pseudo hallucinations) “no, nothing is there. It's from my eyes. I am fine of the head”sic. She has a personal history of glaucoma for decades, and restless legs syndrome for about 1 year, medicated with ropinirole. Adherence to therapeutic has been explored and it was found that she has been increasing, progressively and by its own initiative, the dose of ropinirole. She claims to be currently taking two pills of 8 mg twice daily (the recommended daily dose is 24 mg).Conclusions:Studies indicate that the incidence of hallucinations during the treatment of RLS with ropinirole is less than 1%, which can be justified by its high affinity for D3 receivers compared to D2 receivers. However, it is also known that the over-stimulation of dopamine receptors (by overdose or rapid titration) can cause hallucinations, which may have been the cause of the patient's clinical condition. This clinical case also allows to alert for the importance of excluding organic causes in the diagnosis of visual hallucinations.

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