scholarly journals Multi-segment kinematic model to assess three-dimensional movement of the spine and back during gait

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 624-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Needham ◽  
Roozbeh Naemi ◽  
Aoife Healy ◽  
Nachiappan Chockalingam
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Kinematic Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Intervention Programme ◽  
Cluster Technique ◽  
Upper Thoracic ◽  
Rigid Segment

Background: Relatively little is known about spine during gait compared to movement analysis of the lower extremities. The trunk is often regarded and analysed as a single rigid segment and there is a paucity of information on inter-segmental movement within the spine and its relationship to pelvis and lower limbs. Objectives: To develop and validate a new multi-segment kinematic model to assess regional three-dimensional movement of the lumbar, lower thoracic and upper thoracic spine during gait. Study design: Observational study. Methods: The study was conducted in two parts: (1) to provide validation measures on the kinematic model built in commercially available software and (2) to apply the marker configuration to the spine at T3, T8 and L3 during gait analysis on 10 healthy male volunteers. Results: Proposed model revealed excellent concurrent validation measures between an applied input angle to the recorded output angle from the kinematic model. A high reliability was observed during gait analysis, both during a single session and between sessions for all participants. Conclusion: The thoracic region of the spine should not be modelled as a single rigid segment and the proposed three-dimensional cluster is reliable and repeatable to assess the inter-segmental movement of the spine. Clinical relevance Reliable kinematic data can be collected using the three-dimensional cluster technique, thus, allowing researchers to accurately distinguish between movement patterns of healthy individuals to those with a clinical condition, and provide confidence in data acquisition during the monitoring process of an implemented rehabilitation intervention programme.

scholarly journals A three dimensional multiplane kinematic model for bilateral hind limb gait analysis in cats

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan P. Brown ◽  
Gina E. Bertocci ◽  
Kimberly A. Cheffer ◽  
Dena R. Howland
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Kinematic Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Plane Model ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Joint Flexion

AbstractBackground: Kinematic gait analysis is an important noninvasive technique used for quantitative evaluation and description of locomotion and other movements in healthy and injured populations. Three dimensional (3D) kinematic analysis offers additional outcome measures including internal-external rotation not characterized using sagittal plane analysis techniques.Methods: The objectives of this study were to 1) develop and evaluate a 3D hind limb multiplane kinematic model for gait analysis in cats using joint coordinate systems, 2) implement and compare two 3D stifle (knee) prediction techniques, and 3) compare flexion-extension determined using the multiplane model to a sagittal plane model. Walking gait was recorded in 3 female adult cats (age = 2.9 years, weight = 3.5 ± 0.2 kg). Kinematic outcomes included flexion-extension, internal-external rotation, and abduction-adduction of the hip, stifle, and tarsal (ankle) joints.Results: Each multiplane stifle prediction technique yielded similar findings. Joint angles determined using markers placed on skin above bony landmarks in vivo were similar to joint angles determined using a feline hind limb skeleton in which markers were placed directly on landmarks ex vivo. Differences in hip, stifle, and tarsal joint flexion-extension were demonstrated when comparing the multiplane model to the sagittal plane model.Conclusions: This multiplane cat kinematic model can predict joint rotational kinematics as a tool that can quantify frontal, transverse, and sagittal plane motion. This model has multiple advantages given its ability to characterize joint internal-external rotation and abduction-adduction. A further, important benefit is greater accuracy in representing joint flexion-extension movements.

THREE-DIMENSIONAL GAIT ANALYSIS AS A POTENTIAL AND QUANTIFIABLE MEASUREMENT IN THE CLINICAL EVALUATION OF ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 1650001
Author(s):  
M. M. XUEMEI PIAO ◽  
M. D. LUAN XUE ◽  
M. D. SHUYUN JIANG ◽  
M. D. JIANDONG HU ◽  
M. M. GUOLING LI
Keyword(s):  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Spinal Mobility ◽  
Lateral Bending ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Spinal Rotation

The present study aimed to investigate the potential clinical value of three-dimensional gait analysis (3D-GA) system in evaluating ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Thirty-one patients with AS from September 2010 to August 2011, with 32 involved and 30 uninvolved lower limbs, were enrolled. Data of spatio-temporal parameters (step and stride length, velocity and cadence), time parameters (stance, single stance, double stance and swing phases) and kinematics parameters associated with spinal mobility (spinal lateral bending, spinal forward bending and spinal rotation) were analyzed by 3D-GA system, as well as curative effects of biologic therapy. Compared with normal values, AS patients showed decreased step and stride length ([Formula: see text]), increased cadence, longer swing and single stance phases ([Formula: see text]) and shorter stance and double stance phases ([Formula: see text]) in uninvolved lower limbs. In AS patients, reduced step length, stride length, velocity and cadence, shorter swing and single stance phases, longer stance and double stance phases ([Formula: see text]), increased lateral bending angle and decreased spinal rotation ([Formula: see text]) were detected by 3D-GA in involved lower limbs compared with uninvolved ones. In the 16 patients with decreased levels of ESR and CRP and improved ASAS scores after biology therapy, increased step length, stride length, velocity and cadence of the involved lower limbs were detected by 3D-GA ([Formula: see text]), as well as improved spinal mobility ([Formula: see text]). Hence, we concluded that 3D-GA has great potential value of clinical application for assessing and monitoring AS.

Evaluation of a three-dimensional kinematic model for canine gait analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 1118-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang-Chieh Fu ◽  
Bryan T. Torres ◽  
Steven C. Budsberg
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Kinematic Model ◽  
Three Dimensional

scholarly journals A three dimensional multiplane kinematic model for bilateral hind limb gait analysis in cats

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. e0197837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan P. Brown ◽  
Gina E. Bertocci ◽  
Kimberly A. Cheffer ◽  
Dena R. Howland
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Kinematic Model ◽  
Three Dimensional

scholarly journals Visualization of walking speed variation-induced synchronized dynamic changes in lower limb joint angles and activity of trunk and lower limb muscles with a newly developed gait analysis system

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 230949901880668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kousei Miura ◽  
Hideki Kadone ◽  
Masao Koda ◽  
Keita Nakayama ◽  
Hiroshi Kumagai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Hip Joint ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Maximum Flexion ◽  
Lower Limb Muscles ◽  
Limb Muscles

Purpose: To evaluate a newly developed system for dynamic analysis of gait kinematics and muscle activity. Methods: We recruited 10 healthy men into this study. Analyses of three-dimensional motion and wireless surface electromyogram (EMG) were integrated to achieve synchronous measurement. The participants walked continuously for 10 min under two conditions: comfortable and quick pace. Outcome measures were joint angles of the lower limbs determined from reflective markers and myoelectric activity of trunk and lower limbs determined from EMG sensors, comparing comfortable and quick gait pace. Results: Lower limb joint angle was significantly greater at the quick pace (maximum flexion of the hip joint: 4.1°, maximum extension of hip joint: 2.3°, and maximum flexion of the knee joint while standing: 7.4°). The period of maximum flexion of the ankle joint during a walking cycle was 2.5% longer at a quick pace. EMG amplitudes of all trunk muscles significantly increased during the period of support by two legs (cervical paraspinal: 55.1%, latissimus dorsi: 31.3%, and erector spinae: 32.6%). EMG amplitudes of quadriceps, femoral biceps, and tibialis anterior increased significantly by 223%, 60.9%, and 67.4%, respectively, between the periods of heel contact and loading response. EMG amplitude of the gastrocnemius significantly increased by 102% during the heel-off period. Conclusion: Our gait analysis synchronizing three-dimensional motion and wireless surface EMG successfully visualized dynamic changes in lower limb joint angles and activity of trunk and lower limb muscles induced by various walking speeds.

Both Upper and Lower Limb Movements Contribute to Aesthetics of the Piqué Arabesque in Ballet

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yui Kawano ◽  
Lin Cheng-Feng ◽  
Mayumi Kuno-Mizumura
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Biomechanical Parameters ◽  
Support Leg

This study aimed to identify the factor structures—which are the predominant frameworks for describing the basic dimensions of a concept—that contribute to the aesthetics of body position in ballet. This study was composed of three-dimensional movement analysis and subjective evaluation. Fourteen ballet dancers participated in the three-dimensional movement analysis. Thirty-six reflective markers were attached to the dancers’ bodies, after which the dancers performed a piqué arabesque, a position in which the weight transfers from one leg to the other. This movement was captured using eight optical cameras and one video camera. Biomechanical parameters, such as the joint angle and velocity of each body part, were calculated from the coordinates of the markers. Twenty-eight videos recorded in the three-dimensional movement analysis were viewed by 51 observers with ballet experience. The observers subjectively evaluated the videos through four category pairs—“beautiful-ugly,” “like-dislike,” “interesting-not interesting,” and “good-bad”—on a five-point semantic differential scale. Two groups, the top and bottom 30%, were extracted based on the “beautiful-ugly” rating and compared using an independent t-test. In addition, exploratory factor analysis was performed on the biomechanical parameters that showed significant differences. Five factors were identified: “stability of the right distal upper limb and upper body,” “torso displacement speed,” “stability of the left distal upper limb and line of the support leg,” “height of the gesture leg,” and “stability of the support leg around the hip joint and line of the limbs on the gesture leg side.” These results indicate that the movements of both upper and lower limbs contributed to the aesthetics of the ballet position of piqué arabesque. These findings will be useful for ballet teachers and dancers to understand the intrinsic aesthetics of movements.

scholarly journals Proposal for Gait Analysis Using Fusion of Inertial-Magnetic and Optical Sensors

Revista EIA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (34) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Mauro Callejas Cuervo ◽  
Manuel A. Vélez-Guerrero ◽  
Andrea C. Alarcón-Aldana
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Optical Sensors ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Motion Processing ◽  
Optical Technology ◽  
Measurement Protocol ◽  
Made In

A proposed measurement protocol for the lower limbs movement analysis during walking is presented, with the use of a measurement system based on inertial-magnetic motion processing units and an optical system. Initially, the state of the art in terms of methods and tools for the biomechanical capture of movements is shown, to finally explore the protocols used in the health sciences for the gait analysis. The measurement proposal made in this document uses robust features of inertial-magnetic and optical technology that can be used in medical diagnosis. The application of this proposal can generate tools that have a positive impact in the fields of health and medicine.

Foot Segment Kinematics During Normal Walking Using a Multisegment Model of the Foot and Ankle Complex

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Jenkyn ◽  
Kiersten Anas ◽  
Alexander Nichol
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Kinematic Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Optical Tracking ◽  
Medial Longitudinal Arch ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Rehabilitative Treatment ◽  
Longitudinal Arch ◽  
Foot Model ◽  
Asymptomatic Subjects

Gait analysis using optical tracking equipment has been demonstrated to be a clinically useful tool for measuring three-dimensional kinematics and kinetics of the human body. However, in current practice, the foot is treated as a single rigid segment that articulates with the lower leg, meaning the motions of the joints of the foot cannot be measured. A multisegment kinematic model of the foot was developed for use in a gait analysis laboratory. The foot was divided into hindfoot, talus, midfoot, and medial and lateral forefoot segments. Six functional joints were defined: Ankle and subtalar joints, frontal and transverse plane motions of the hindfoot relative to midfoot, supination-pronation twist of the forefoot relative to midfoot, and medial longitudinal arch height-to-length ratio. Twelve asymptomatic subjects were tested during barefoot walking with a six-camera optical stereometric system and passive markers organized in triads. Repeatability of reported motions was tested using coefficients of multiple correlation. Ankle and subtalar joint motions and twisting of the forefoot were most repeatable. Hindfoot motions were least repeatable both within subjects and between subjects. Hindfoot and forefoot pronations in the frontal place were found to coincide with dropping of the medial longitudinal arch between early to midstance, followed by supination and rising of the arch in late stance and swing phase. This multisegment foot model overcomes a major shortcoming in current gait analysis practice—the inability to measure motion within the foot. Such measurements are crucial if gait analysis is to remain relevant in orthopaedic and rehabilitative treatment of the foot and ankle.

scholarly journals Filtering Biomechanical Signals in Movement Analysis

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4580
Author(s):  
Francesco Crenna ◽  
Giovanni Battista Rossi ◽  
Marta Berardengo
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Uncertainty ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Analytical Signal ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Method Performance ◽  
Acceleration Signal

Biomechanical analysis of human movement is based on dynamic measurements of reference points on the subject’s body and orientation measurements of body segments. Collected data include positions’ measurement, in a three-dimensional space. Signal enhancement by proper filtering is often recommended. Velocity and acceleration signal must be obtained from position/angular measurement records, needing numerical processing effort. In this paper, we propose a comparative filtering method study procedure, based on measurement uncertainty related parameters’ set, based upon simulated and experimental signals. The final aim is to propose guidelines to optimize dynamic biomechanical measurement, considering the measurement uncertainty contribution due to the processing method. Performance of the considered methods are examined and compared with an analytical signal, considering both stationary and transient conditions. Finally, four experimental test cases are evaluated at best filtering conditions for measurement uncertainty contributions.

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