scholarly journals Persistent idiopathic facial pain

Cephalalgia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 680-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Benoliel ◽  
Charly Gaul
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Facial Pain ◽  
Myofascial Pain ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Persistent Idiopathic Facial Pain ◽  
Pain Syndromes

Background Persistent idiopathic facial pain (PIFP) is a chronic disorder recurring daily for more than two hours per day over more than three months, in the absence of clinical neurological deficit. PIFP is the current terminology for Atypical Facial Pain and is characterized by daily or near daily pain that is initially confined but may subsequently spread. Pain cannot be attributed to any pathological process, although traumatic neuropathic mechanisms are suspected. When present intraorally, PIFP has been termed ‘Atypical Odontalgia’, and this entity is discussed in a separate article in this special issue. PIFP is often a difficult but important differential diagnosis among chronic facial pain syndromes. Aim To summarize current knowledge on diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis, pathophysiology and management of PIFP. Methods We present a narrative review reporting current literature and personal experience. Additionally, we discuss and differentiate the common differential diagnoses associated with PIFP including traumatic trigeminal neuropathies, regional myofascial pain, atypical neurovascular pains and atypical trigeminal neuropathic pains. Results and conclusion The underlying pathophysiology in PIFP is still enigmatic, however neuropathic mechanisms may be relevant. PIFP needs interdisciplinary collaboration to rule out and manage secondary causes, psychiatric comorbidities and other facial pain syndromes, particularly trigeminal neuralgia. Burden of disease and psychiatric comorbidity screening is recommended at an early stage of disease, and should be addressed in the management plan. Future research is needed to establish clear diagnostic criteria and treatment strategies based on clinical findings and individual pathophysiology.

Persistent Idiopathic Facial Pain

2018 ◽  
pp. 279-286
Author(s):  
Trevor Van Oostrom
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Facial Pain ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Headache Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Persistent Idiopathic Facial Pain ◽  
Case Based

Persistent idiopathic facial pain (PIFP) is an enigmatic condition which has caused a great deal of suffering yet has been difficult to define and remains a challenging disorder to treat. In addition, the presentation of PIFP has considerable overlap with many other causes of facial pain making the malady a diagnostic challenge. The condition is often resistant to treatment and patients often have comorbid syndromes or psychological factors. This chapter reviews the history and development of the current diagnostic criteria of PIFP according to the latest edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD). Using a case-based approach, the pathophysiology, epidemiology, differential diagnosis, and treatment options of PIFP are explored.

The Potential of Gait Analysis to Contribute to Differential Diagnosis of Early Stage Dementia: Current Research and Future Directions

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra Morgan ◽  
Melanie Funk ◽  
Margaret Crossley ◽  
Jenny Basran ◽  
Andrew Kirk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Timely Access ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia

ABSTRACTEarly differential diagnosis of dementia is becoming increasingly important as new pharmacologic therapies are developed, as these treatments are not equally effective for all types of dementia. Early detection and differential diagnosis also facilitates informed family decision making and timely access to appropriate services. Information about gait characteristics is informative in the diagnostic process and may have important implications for discriminating among dementia subtypes. The aim of this review paper is to summarize existing research examining the relationships between gait and dementia, including gait classification systems and assessment tools, gait patterns characteristic of different dementias (Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy Bodies, and fronto-temporal dementia), and the utility of gait analysis in early-stage diagnosis. The paper concludes with implications for future research.

scholarly journals Chronic Facial Pain: Trigeminal Neuralgia, Persistent Idiopathic Facial Pain, and Myofascial Pain Syndrome—An Evidence-Based Narrative Review and Etiological Hypothesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7012
Author(s):  
Robert Gerwin
Keyword(s):  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Facial Pain ◽  
Myofascial Pain ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Myofascial Pain Syndrome ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Neck Muscle ◽  
Neurovascular Compression ◽  
Persistent Idiopathic Facial Pain ◽  
Possible Cause

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN), the most common form of severe facial pain, may be confused with an ill-defined persistent idiopathic facial pain (PIFP). Facial pain is reviewed and a detailed discussion of TN and PIFP is presented. A possible cause for PIFP is proposed. (1) Methods: Databases were searched for articles related to facial pain, TN, and PIFP. Relevant articles were selected, and all systematic reviews and meta-analyses were included. (2) Discussion: The lifetime prevalence for TN is approximately 0.3% and for PIFP approximately 0.03%. TN is 15–20 times more common in persons with multiple sclerosis. Most cases of TN are caused by neurovascular compression, but a significant number are secondary to inflammation, tumor or trauma. The cause of PIFP remains unknown. Well-established TN treatment protocols include pharmacotherapy, neurotoxin denervation, peripheral nerve ablation, focused radiation, and microvascular decompression, with high rates of relief and varying degrees of adverse outcomes. No such protocols exist for PIFP. (3) Conclusion: PIFP may be confused with TN, but treatment possibilities differ greatly. Head and neck muscle myofascial pain syndrome is suggested as a possible cause of PIFP, a consideration that could open new approaches to treatment.

scholarly journals The next step: mechanisms driving adrenocortical carcinoma metastasis

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. R31-R48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enzo Lalli ◽  
Michaela Luconi
Keyword(s):  
Adrenocortical Carcinoma ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Endocrine Tumors ◽  
Metastatic Process ◽  
Carcinoma Metastasis ◽  
Space Occupation ◽  
Risk Of Relapse

Endocrine tumors have the peculiarity to become clinically evident not only due to symptoms related to space occupation by the growing lesion, similarly to most other tumors, but also, and most often, because of their specific hormonal secretion, which significantly contributes to their pathological burden. Malignant endocrine tumors, in addition, have the ability to produce distant metastases. Here, we critically review the current knowledge about mechanisms and biomarkers characterizing the metastatic process in adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), a rare endocrine malignancy with a high risk of relapse and metastatization even when the primary tumor is diagnosed and surgically removed at an early stage. We highlight perspectives of future research in the domain and possible new therapeutic avenues based on targeting factors having an important role in the metastatic process of ACC.

scholarly journals Liver Fibrosis: Causes and Methods of Assessment, A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Erfani Karimzadeh Toosi
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Liver Biopsy ◽  
Hepatic Dysfunction ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Past ◽  
Invasive Method

AbstractHepatic fibrogenesis is the final result of injury to the liver. Fibrosis could lead to hepatic dysfunction, important in the pathogenesis of other chronic problems. Therefore, understanding the mechanism, accurate diagnosis and staging of it in early stages accelerates the treatment and reduces the prevalence of chirrosis. Treatment strategies of liver problems and detction methods depend on the amount and progression of liver fibrosis and the rate of cirrhosis development. Traditionally the invasive method, liver biopsy, is reference standard to follow progression and stage of fibrosis. However, during the past decade, progressive development of novel non-invasive methodologies has challenged the invasive method. Non-invasive methods have been initially introduced for chronic hepatitis C with increasing use in other chronic liver diseases. The need for liver biopsy has nowadays decreased significantly as a result of these methodologies. Most of the new non-invasive methods depend on either ‘biological’ or ‘physical’ approaches.In this review, starting from the mechanism of fibrogenesis, the current knowledge about diagnosis, treatment strategies and different methods for its evaluation is discussed. This is followed by a conclusion on what is expected to be known in this field during the future research.

Fibromyalgia: A Review of Current Knowledge

1992 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Baldry
Keyword(s):  
Myofascial Pain ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Trigger Points ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Myofascial Pain Syndromes ◽  
Myofascial Trigger Points ◽  
Muscular Pain ◽  
Pain Syndromes ◽  
Disturbed Sleep ◽  
Specific Disorders

Muscular pain in the presence of a normal ESR has laboured under a variety of names and supposed causes, often being dismissed as psychogenic in origin. It is now clear that there are two specific disorders of body musculature, each with its own defined pattern of symptoms. Fibromyalgia is a disease of unknown aetiology, predominantly affecting women, that gives generalised muscular pain, a disturbed sleep pattern, morning stiffness and fatigue. Tender spots are found at certain charecteristic sites. The Myofascial Pain Syndromes, on the other hand, can usually be related to some form of trauma and are normally localised to particular muscles with readily palpable myofascial trigger points at specific spots according to the pattern of pain referral. Acupuncture may be a rapid and effective treatment for both disorders, often giving long lasting relief in Myofascial Pain Syndromes, but offering only repeated short term responses to Fibromyalgia sufferers.

Meckel-Gruber Syndrome: Pathologic Manifestations, Minimal Diagnostic Criteria, and Differential Diagnosis

2006 ◽  
Vol 130 (8) ◽  
pp. 1236-1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borislav A. Alexiev ◽  
Xiaoqing Lin ◽  
Chen-Chih Sun ◽  
David S. Brenner
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Postaxial Polydactyly ◽  
Occipital Encephalocele

Abstract This article provides an overview of the major pathologic manifestations of Meckel-Gruber syndrome, current knowledge about its pathogenesis, minimal diagnostic criteria, and differential diagnosis. Typical sonographic findings (occipital encephalocele, postaxial polydactyly, and cystic enlargement of the kidneys) allow for diagnosis of most cases before the 14th week of gestation, but the pathologist may encounter clinically unsuspected or atypical cases that require morphologic confirmation. In these cases, a meticulous autopsy is necessary to establish the diagnosis of Meckel-Gruber syndrome.

Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction with Facial Pain in Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 564-567
Author(s):  
Myron L. Belfer ◽  
Leonard B. Kaban
Keyword(s):  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Facial Pain ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Myofascial Pain ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction ◽  
Clinical Disorder ◽  
Reactive Depression ◽  
Pain Syndromes ◽  
Recurrent Otitis Media

Temporomandibular joint dysfunction with myofascial pain, a well-known clinical disorder in adults, is reported in children. In a series of 400 patients, 40 children less than 16 years of age were seen. Of these pediatric patients, 35% had a reactive depression as primary psychopathology. The multifactorial nature of the disorder is described. The need to differentiate this syndrome from recurrent otitis media and other pain syndromes is emphasized. A combined medical, oral surgical, and psychiatric management program is outlined.

scholarly journals Lung ageing and COPD: is there a role for ageing in abnormal tissue repair?

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (146) ◽  
pp. 170073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corry-Anke Brandsma ◽  
Maaike de Vries ◽  
Rita Costa ◽  
Roy R. Woldhuis ◽  
Melanie Königshoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Small Airways ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Abnormal Tissue

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide, with increasing prevalence, in particular in the elderly. COPD is characterised by abnormal tissue repair resulting in (small) airways disease and emphysema. There is accumulating evidence that ageing hallmarks are prominent features of COPD. These ageing hallmarks have been described in different subsets of COPD patients, in different lung compartments and also in a variety of cell types, and thus might contribute to different COPD phenotypes. A better understanding of the main differences and similarities between normal lung ageing and the pathology of COPD may improve our understanding of the mechanisms driving COPD pathology, in particular in those patients that develop the most severe form of COPD at a relatively young age,i.e.severe early-onset COPD patients.In this review, after introducing the main concepts of lung ageing and COPD pathology, we focus on the role of (abnormal) ageing in lung remodelling and repair in COPD. We discuss the current evidence for the involvement of ageing hallmarks in these pathological features of COPD. We also highlight potential novel treatment strategies and opportunities for future research based on our current knowledge of abnormal lung ageing in COPD.

Facial pain

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Davies
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Cluster Headache ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Facial Pain ◽  
Cervical Spondylosis ◽  
Atypical Facial Pain ◽  
Neurological Syndrome ◽  
Persistent Idiopathic Facial Pain

Facial pain occupies the area below the orbitomeatal line, above the neck and anterior to the pinnae. It comes in many forms and may or may not be accompanied by other symptoms. It may be acute, subacute, or chronic, arise from local pathology (e.g. dentition, parotid gland, sinus), be referred from other structures (e.g. pain behind the eye may be due to cervical spondylosis or sphenoidal sinusitis) or be part of a neurological syndrome such as trigeminal neuralgia or persistent idiopathic facial pain (previously termed atypical facial pain). There is a wide differential diagnosis. As with headache, serious causes are rare. Some benign conditions are particularly painful (trigeminal neuralgia, cluster headache) but have effective treatment.

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