Redevelopment and Revitalization along Urban Arterials

2005 ◽  
Vol 1902 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Mejias ◽  
Elizabeth Deakin
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Urban Revitalization ◽  
Creative Development ◽  
The Road ◽  
High Speeds ◽  
Development Costs ◽  
Mixed Use ◽  
Transit Services ◽  
Urban Arterials

Urban arterials are both promising and problematic locations for infill development and urban revitalization. San Pablo Avenue, a multilane urban arterial traversing nine cities and two counties along the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay in California, is considered here. The road developed over a long period: first as a streetcar line, then as an intercity automobile route, and most recently as a subregional traffic and transit route. Land uses from each of these transportation eras are still present along the avenue and range from neighborhood retail to automobile-oriented strip development. Recent transit service improvements and a strong housing market are leading to new developer interest in San Pablo Avenue. Findings are reported from interviews with 11 developers who recently built infill housing and mixed-use projects on or near the arterial. Developers see San Pablo Avenue's accessibility as a major asset but view transit services as a bonus instead of a necessity; transit availability allows developers to argue for reduced transportation impact fees and reduced parking requirements. Other aspects of the arterial's design, including high speeds and unattractive streetscapes, are problematic, as are zoning ordinances that require high parking ratios, large setbacks, and lengthy, discretionary approval processes. Small land parcels, incompatible adjacent uses, and high development costs are also drawbacks but, with creative development, are manageable. Local governments could provide incentives for private development along arterials such as San Pablo Avenue by improving street designs, reducing parking requirements, and updating zoning codes and approval processes.

Analyzing the Efficiency of County Road Production – Evidence from Eastern German Counties

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. e415-e435
Author(s):  
Carolin Fritzsche
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Efficiency Analysis ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Government Services ◽  
The Road ◽  
Data Limitations ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Unique Dataset

AbstractThis study analyzes the efficiency of the road production by local governments using data envelopment analysis. The production of roads is a costly public service, which makes an efficiency analysis in this field an interesting subject. I enhance the previous literature, first, by examining the differences in the efficiencies of eastern German counties while considering the deformation of the pavement and foundation of roads, which previous studies have not included due to data limitations. Second, I use a unique dataset on road quality for my efficiency analysis and show that the efficiency levels differ from those in studies that apply proxies, such as the number of accidents, to capture the quality of roads. These findings indicate that there is a great need to develop reliable variables to describe government services. Additionally, I show that the correlations between efficiency levels and county characteristics vary greatly depending on the quality indicator used.

What Was Gained

2018 ◽  
pp. 286-310
Author(s):  
George R. Boyer
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Social Welfare Policy ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Great War ◽  
Welfare Reforms

This concluding chapter summarizes the book's major findings. The road to the welfare state of the 1940s was not a wide and straight thoroughfare through Victorian and Edwardian Britain. As the previous chapters have made clear, the story of British social policy from 1830 to 1950 is really two separate stories joined together in the years immediately before the Great War. The first is a tale of increasing stinginess toward the poor by the central and local governments, while the second is the story of the construction of a national safety net, culminating in the Beveridge Report and Labour's social policies of 1946–48. The prototype for the welfare reforms of the twentieth century cannot be found in the Victorian Poor Law. The chapter then offers some thoughts regarding the reasons for the shifts in social welfare policy from the 1830s to the 1940s.

Genius Loci

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
Jonah Raskin
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Jack London ◽  
Grapes Of Wrath ◽  
The Road ◽  
The World ◽  
On The Road

This essay takes a literary journey to Jack London State Historic Park, the National Steinbeck Center, and the Beat Museum. An exploration of the shrines that are devoted to writers and which attract readers from around the world as well as close to home, the essay explores California’s identity as a cultural destination for tourists as well as for natives of the Golden State. By linking specific geographical places, such as Glen Ellen, Salinas, and San Francisco to books and to their authors, California’s literary shrines weave a kind of cultural magic that transcends time and place and invigorates twentieth-century classics such as Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath, Kerouac’s On the Road, and Jack London’s The Iron Heel.

Practical Safety Tool for Local Low-Volume Rural Roads: The Road Safety Audit Review

2003 ◽  
Vol 1819 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene M. Wilson ◽  
Martin E. Lipinski
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Transportation Safety ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Audit Review ◽  
The Road ◽  
Rural Road ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Road Safety Audit

Practical tools for improving transportation safety are needed worldwide. It has been estimated that motor vehicle–related crashes account for more than 1 million fatalities each year, and the number of serious injuries far exceeds fatalities. Local and low-volume roads are significantly overrepresented in crash statistics. Globally, the road safety audit (RSA) concept has been recognized as an effective tool in identifying and reducing the crash potential of roadways when used to analyze the safety aspects of project plans and designs before completion. In the local rural road arena, many safety issues are associated with existing roadway networks. Many of these networks have developed over time with little or no planning or design. There is a critical need for a practical tool that focuses on the safety of the existing as-built local road network. The RSA review (RSAR) process has been developed for this purpose, giving specific recognition to the functionality of the road being evaluated for safety issues. Significant numbers of safety improvements are needed, and practical approaches to address these needs are crucial. The RSAR tool has the potential to be particularly beneficial to local governments in systematically addressing safety deficiencies on existing rural road networks. In addition, it is a proactive safety tool that has the potential to protect agencies from tort liability since it establishes a record of the organization’s safety agenda. An RSAR methodology that can be adapted by local agencies is presented. A case study illustrating the application of this process is included. Also highlighted is a local rural training program that has been presented in several states for county applications. The focus is on U.S. county applications, but it is recognized that the process has utility for other agencies and has application in other countries. The necessity for training as a key component in the development of a sustainable safety program is emphasized.

The Role of Health and Physical Activity in the Adoption of Innovative Land Use Policy: Findings From Surveys of Local Governments

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (s1) ◽  
pp. S116-S124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Dill ◽  
Deborah Howe
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Adoption Process ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
Master Plans ◽  
Adoption And Implementation ◽  
Mixed Use ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
Pedestrian Infrastructure

Background:Research has established that built environments, including street networks, bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure, and land uses, can positively affect the frequency and duration of daily physical activity. Attention is now being given to policy frameworks such as zoning codes that set the standards and expectations for this built environment.Methods:We examined the adoption and implementation of mixed-use and related zoning provisions with specific attention to the role that physical activity serves as a motivation for such policies and to what extent public health agencies influence the adoption process. A sample of planning directors from 53 communities with outstanding examples of mixed-use developments and 145 randomly selected midsized communities were surveyed.Results:Physical activity is not a dominant motivator in master plans and/or zoning codes and public health agencies played minor roles in policy adoption. However, physical activity as a motivation appears to be increasing in recent years and is associated with higher levels of policy innovation.Conclusions:Recommendations include framing the importance of physical activity in terms of other dominant concerns such as livability, dynamic centers, and economic development. Health agencies are encouraged to work in coalitions to focus arguments on behalf of physical activity.

scholarly journals Measuring Safety Index for Pedestrian Path by Using AHP-GIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Athirah Illaina Mohammad Azlan ◽  
Nabilah Naharudin
Keyword(s):  
Pedestrian Safety ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Safety Index ◽  
Road Crashes ◽  
The Road ◽  
Transit Services ◽  
Pedestrian Crashes ◽  
Walking Environment ◽  
Spatial Problems

Pedestrian crashes account for approximately 7 percent of road death in Malaysia. Although the percentage is lower than other road crashes, this is still alarming. This is because, no matter what vehicles used by people, they still need to walk. This includes riding rail transit services as people need to walk to access the service and walk again to their destination after getting off the rail service. Rail services’ providers and government had been committed to provide a safe walking environment to the transit riders. Therefore, this study attempted to propose a framework to measure the safety index by using AHP-GIS. The integration of the two techniques had been widely implemented in decision making related to spatial problems. In any spatial problems, there is always more than one criterion that needs to be taken into consideration in the analysis with each of them have different degree of importance in the analysis. Thus, the role of AHP in this framework is to derive the weightage for the criteria while GIS will use the weightage in the spatial analysis. In this proposed framework, GIS analysis that will be used in analysing the pedestrian safety is the assessment based on the parameters located along the road together. In short, this framework will first indicate the degree of importance of the criteria influencing safety by using AHP which will then be used to determine the safety index for pedestrian path using GIS. The proposed framework is expected to help in deriving the safety index for pedestrian path to access selected rail transit stations which can be used as a reference by pedestrian to choose the safe route that they can used to reach their destination. It also can be used by the local authority for improving the walking environment in future.Keywords: pedestrian, safety, walkability, rail-transit, AHP, GIS

scholarly journals Safety solutions on mixed use urban arterial roads

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Blair Turner ◽  
Rob Partridge ◽  
Shane Turner ◽  
Bruce Corben ◽  
Jeremy Woolley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
High Severity ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Mixed Use ◽  
Vulnerable Road Users ◽  
Urban Arterials ◽  
Urban Arterial

Urban arterials and intersections account for a large proportion of high severity crashes in Australia and New Zealand, particularly involving vulnerable road users. Safety gains appear to be slower in these ‘mixed use’ environments than in other areas. Austroads commissioned research to help identify solutions that might be applied on mixed use arterial roads to improve safety through the provision of Safe System infrastructure. The project involved assessment of six case studies around Australia and New Zealand. Concept designs were developed for each of the routes based on analysis of safety issues and the likely safety benefits were assessed. This paper presents information on the safety solutions identified, as well as the broader issues that need to be considered when addressing safety on mixed use urban arterial roads.

scholarly journals Trees as Archaeology

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Casas
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Santiago De Compostela ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Sixties

Fernando Casás: a note about the artist.www.fernandocasas.es  Fernando Casás [Vigo, Spain, 1946], lives between Brazil – where he spent most part of his life – and Spain, where he is professor of Sculpture at the University of Vigo. He is also professor in Doctorate courses at ESAD Escola Superior Artística do Porto, Portugal. He began working and investigating with Art and Nature [Land Art, Eco Art, Earth Works] at the end of the sixties, influenced by the tropical environment. Since then he works in different, paralell and recurrent streams: a de-materialized side [like the Idiotic Projects, the capture of a fleeting moment];  the ephemeral works [like the Wanderer Project  or the Earth 100 / Latex, where he makes small and intimate incursions at random in the natural environment] ;  and finally what we could call the formal works, where evidenciation of the passing of time and investigation of new ways are the major concerns, and where he works with different techniques, procedures and materials, ranging from worn out raw material to new technologies, which result in works that can be seen in exhibitions, collections or public places [The Termite Cycle, Trees as Archaeology or Act / Impact]. Nowadays he is considered by art critics as a pioneer in the Art and Nature field.  Among public works: Lamed Vav / The 36 Justs together with R.Morris, R.Long, Hamilton Finlay. Island of Sculptures, and Memory of the River, both in Pontevedra, Spain, 1999 and 2006.Two Stones two University Botanic Graden, Jerusalem, Israel. 2000.Amazonia / Roots. Catacumba Sculpture Park, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. 1989.Wood. Burgo das Nacións Square, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. 1994.Big Snake. Seeff & Marks Community Center, Jerusalem, Israel. 1989.Threes as Archaeology together with R. Long, S.Armajani, U.Rükriem, D.Nash. Monegros Desert,  Huesca,  Spain. 2003.Ashé / The Curve of the 9 over Bayona sea, in the road that unites Galicia and Portugal. 2005.Apple trees for Carrazeda. Carrazeda de Ansiães, Portugal, 2009. Selected exhibitions:Solo Termites tunnels at Centro Cultural dos Correios. [Río de Janeiro, 2009]Intervention Blue in Tifariti  Sahara Desert, during the International Encounters of Art in the Free Territories of Sahara. [Argelia, 2009].Retrospective solo exhibition in the series Great Galician Artists [Caixanova, Vigo, 2006]Naturally Artificial. [Museo Esteban Vicente, Segovia, 2006]Archaeology of the non site. [Círculo de Bellas Artes, Madrid, 2004]A wood in works: Spanish vanguards in wood. [Museo de Arte Contemporáneo Esteban Vicente, Segovia y Sala de las Alhajas, Madrid, 2000]XXIª International Beinnial of São Paulo [Säo Paulo, Brasil, 1991]Brazilian work:  1964 – 1984 [Retrospectiva en la Fundación Luís Seoane, A Coruña, 2000]Fragments of America [Convento de San Francisco de la Habana Vieja, Cuba. 1999] Possible Dimension [Museu de Arte Moderna de Säo Paulo, Brasil, 1991]Manuscripten van de Amazon Rivier [EKWC Europees Keramisch Werkcentrum, den Bosch, The Netherlands, 1994]Amazonas, Série Negra [Galería Ibeu-Copacabana y Casa de Cultura Laura Alvim, Río de Janeiro; Galeria Aquarela y Espaço Unicamp, Säo Paulo, 1988 y 1989]Camouflaged Earth  [Municipal Gallery, Jerusalem, Israel y Centre Culturel Bresilien, Ginebra, Suiza, 1987]De Huid van de Witte Dame [Phillips Headquarters, Eindhoven, Holanda, 1996]Intervention for Ecology  [Museu de Arte Moderna do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, 1984). El Proyecto Errante fue llevado a Suiza, Francia, Israel, Holanda, entre otros países.  Selection of books and catalogues:Wagensberg, Jorge;  A.Ruiz de Samaniego et.al.: Fernando Casás: Archaeology of the non site, Hércules de Eciciones and Círculo de Bellas Artes. Madrid, 2004.Parreño, José María;  Pignatari, Décio: Fernando Casás: Retrospective at Caixanova. Vigo, 2006.Duque, Félix; Katz, Renina: Brazilian Works. Fundaçäo Luís Seoane, La Coruña, 2000.Maderuelo, Javier: Natürgeist. Diputación de Huesca, 1997.Garraud, Colette; Boël, Mickey: L’Artiste Contemporain et la Nature. Parcs et paysages européens. Éditions Hazan, Paris, 2007.

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