Validating the Performance of the FHWA Work Zone Model Version 1.0: A Case Study along I-91 in Springfield, Massachusetts

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (16) ◽  
pp. 46-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Berthaume ◽  
Lauren Jackson ◽  
Ian Berg ◽  
Brian O’Donnell ◽  
Christopher L. Melson
Keyword(s):  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Work Zone ◽  
Driver Model ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Work Zones ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Zone Management ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Model Components

Central to the effective design of work zones is being able to understand how drivers behave as they approach and enter a work zone area. States use simulation tools in modeling freeway work zones to predict work zone impacts and to select optimal design and deployment strategies. While simple and complex microscopic models have been used over the years to analyze driver behavior, most models were not designed for application in work zones. Using data collected from an instrumented research vehicle and model components from two PhD dissertations, FHWA created the Work Zone Driver Model and programed the Work Zone Driver Model DLL v1.0, a software that could override car-following in commercial microsimulation software packages so that practitioners can better predict work zone impacts. This paper demonstrates the capabilities of the FHWA Work Zone Driver Model DLL v1.0, interfaced with VISSIM and tested on an Interstate work zone in Springfield, Massachusetts. The dynamic link library’s (DLL’s) performance is compared with field data collected using an instrumented research vehicle and to Weidemann 99 in VISSIM. Performance metrics were selected to align with state department of transportation work zone management efforts. Results showed acceptable performance from the DLL, as it predicted queue locations and travel speeds that were near field observations. Limitations of the DLL and interface are discussed, and opportunities for improving version 2.0 are described.

Upgrading the FHWA Work Zone Model Version 2.0 and Validating Its Performance along I-91 in Springfield, Massachusetts

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (8) ◽  
pp. 616-625
Author(s):  
Andrew Berthaume ◽  
Ian Berg ◽  
Rebecca Kiriazes ◽  
Brian O’Donnell ◽  
Stephen Zitzow-Childs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Work Zone ◽  
Driver Model ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Work Zones ◽  
Car Following ◽  
Zone Management ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Improved Performance

Freeway work zones can have significant safety and operational impacts. To mitigate these, planners and engineers rely on accurate simulation tools to assess various work zone design and scheduling alternatives. Microsimulation models are often used to predict traffic conditions along freeways, however, they were not created to replicate car-following through work zones and therefore cannot be used to accurately predict work zone impacts. So that practitioners can use microsimulation to better predict work zone impacts, FHWA created the Work Zone Driver Model v1.0 (FHWA v1.0) software that overrides car-following in commercial microsimulation software packages for work zone segments. FHWA v1.0 was tested in a 2017 case study. Results showed acceptable performance, however, there were opportunities to improve the software’s usability and accuracy. Findings were used to upgrade the software and create the FHWA Work Zone Driver Model v2.0 (FHWA v2.0). This paper demonstrates the enhanced capabilities of FHWA v2.0 by interfacing with VISSIM and recreating the 2017 case study, testing its performance along the same interstate work zone in Springfield, MA. FHWA v2.0’s performance was compared with field data, with Wiedemann 99 (W99), and with FHWA v1.0. Performance metrics were selected to align with state departments of transportation (DOTs) work zone management efforts. Results show improved performance from FHWA v2.0 as it predicted queue lengths, queue locations, and travel speeds more accurately than FHWA v1.0 and W99. The enhanced software also addressed some of the variability and merging issues described in the 2017 case study. Next steps are described.

Analysis of Fatal Crashes in Georgia Work Zones

2000 ◽  
Vol 1715 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice Daniel ◽  
Karen Dixon ◽  
David Jared
Keyword(s):  
Work Zone ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Work Zones ◽  
Vertical Alignment ◽  
Fatal Crash ◽  
Fatal Crashes ◽  
Construction Activity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Using Data

Studies on work zone crashes typically examine a combination of injury, fatal, and property damage crashes to identify factors that contribute to unsafe conditions within work zones. Few studies focus on fatal crashes within work zones, although a clear understanding of the driver, roadway, and work zone conditions associated with fatal crashes will facilitate the development of strategies aimed at improving safety and reducing fatal as well as nonfatal crashes. The Georgia Department of Transportation recently performed a study to identify the manner of collision, location, and construction activity associated with fatal crashes in work zones. This study is expanded further to examine the difference between fatal crash activity within work zones compared with fatal crashes in non-work-zone locations. Using data from three work zone locations in Georgia, fatal crash activity within work zones also was compared with nonfatal crashes within work zones. Finally, fatal crash activity was examined to determine the influence of the work zone activity on the frequency of fatal crashes. The overall findings of the study indicate that the work zone influences the manner of collision, light conditions, truck involvement, and roadway functional classification under which fatal crashes occur. The study also indicates that fatal crashes in work zones are more likely to involve another vehicle than non-work-zone fatal crashes, and fatal crashes in work zones are less influenced by horizontal and vertical alignment than are non-work-zone crashes.

scholarly journals Optimization of Work Zone Segments on Urban Roads Using Cellular Automata Model in Mixed Traffic

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Mohit Kumar Singh ◽  
Gaurav Pandey ◽  
K Ramachandra Rao
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Work Zone ◽  
Work Zones ◽  
Rational Form ◽  
Zone Length ◽  
Cellular Automata Model ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Characteristics ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Using Data

Increased delays and reduced speeds in work zones leads to congestion. This can be improved by optimizing the work zone length. The focus of this study is to model work zones using cellular automata model and to find the effects of work zones on traffic flow. The methodology adopted in the study involved creating work-zone on the road by blocking some of the cells and then determining traffic characteristics such as delay and queue lengths for model validation. For this the lateral movement rules of the existing Cellular Automata model were modified in order to replicate the traffic movement near work zones. This model is calibrated and validated using data from work zone observed near a metro rail station in Delhi. From the analysis it was evident that the queue length increased with increase in the length of work zone. Several relationships were tried between delay and work zone length. Among them the rational form was found suitable.

Impact of Proposed Burlington and Hamilton Sewage Discharges in Western Lake Ontario

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yerubandi R. Rao ◽  
Raj C. Murthy ◽  
Fausto Chiocchio ◽  
Michael G. Skafel ◽  
Murray N. Charlton
Keyword(s):  
Action Plan ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Hamilton Harbour ◽  
Western Lake ◽  
Treated Sewage ◽  
Treated Effluents ◽  
Typical Summer ◽  
The City

Abstract The alternate strategy of open-lake discharge may alleviate the need for unusually stringent treatment needed to meet water quality goals of the Hamilton Harbour Remedial Action Plan (RAP). The latest update of the RAP recommended a study of the possibility of offshore discharges. A study conducted for the City of Burlington has proposed a location for outfall in Lake Ontario. This paper utilizes a combination of physical limnological data and mathematical models to predict the waste plume characteristics for the proposed outfall in the lake. Near-field dilutions obtained from a mixing zone model show that, for treated effluents with a discharge condition of 2 m3/s at the proposed outfall site at Burlington, the dilution ratios are in the range of 13:1 to 28:1 for weak to moderate currents during summer stratification. Winter dilution ratios increased to 21:1 to 96:1 for moderate currents. The recommended site for open-lake outfall provides acceptable near-field dilutions for treated effluents under typical lake currents and density structure. The extension of outfall to a location farther offshore is only marginally beneficial. With the proposed Burlington outfall location and discharge conditions, no far-field contamination is observed near the beaches or nearby water intakes for typical summer and winter conditions. Thus, this study indicates that by discharging the treated sewage from an outfall in Lake Ontario it is possible to achieve the Hamilton Harbour RAP goals.

scholarly journals A Skellam regression model for quantifying positional value in soccer

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Pelechrinis ◽  
Wayne Winston
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Soccer Player ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Optical Tracking ◽  
General Managers ◽  
Annual Salary ◽  
Using Data ◽  
English Premier League ◽  
Positional Value

Abstract Soccer is undeniably the most popular sport world-wide and everyone from general managers and coaching staff to fans and media are interested in evaluating players’ performance. Metrics applied successfully in other sports, such as the (adjusted) +/− that allows for division of credit among a basketball team’s players, exhibit several challenges when applied to soccer due to severe co-linearities. Recently, a number of player evaluation metrics have been developed utilizing optical tracking data, but they are based on proprietary data. In this work, our objective is to develop an open framework that can estimate the expected contribution of a soccer player to his team’s winning chances using publicly available data. In particular, using data from (i) approximately 20,000 games from 11 European leagues over eight seasons, and, (ii) player ratings from the FIFA video game, we estimate through a Skellam regression model the importance of every line (attackers, midfielders, defenders and goalkeeping) in winning a soccer game. We consequently translate the model to expected league points added above a replacement player (eLPAR). This model can further be used as a guide for allocating a team’s salary budget to players based on their expected contributions on the pitch. We showcase similar applications using annual salary data from the English Premier League and identify evidence that in our dataset the market appears to under-value defensive line players relative to goalkeepers.

scholarly journals A holistic seismotectonic model of Delhi region

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brijesh K. Bansal ◽  
Kapil Mohan ◽  
Mithila Verma ◽  
Anup K. Sutar
Keyword(s):  
Strain Energy ◽  
Fault Plane ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Energy Estimates ◽  
The West ◽  
Fault Plane Solutions ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Structural Environment ◽  
Reverse Faulting ◽  
Using Data

AbstractDelhi region in northern India experiences frequent shaking due to both far-field and near-field earthquakes from the Himalayan and local sources, respectively. The recent M3.5 and M3.4 earthquakes of 12th April 2020 and 10th May 2020 respectively in northeast Delhi and M4.4 earthquake of 29th May 2020 near Rohtak (~ 50 km west of Delhi), followed by more than a dozen aftershocks, created panic in this densely populated habitat. The past seismic history and the current activity emphasize the need to revisit the subsurface structural setting and its association with the seismicity of the region. Fault plane solutions are determined using data collected from a dense network in Delhi region. The strain energy released in the last two decades is also estimated to understand the subsurface structural environment. Based on fault plane solutions, together with information obtained from strain energy estimates and the available geophysical and geological studies, it is inferred that the Delhi region is sitting on two contrasting structural environments: reverse faulting in the west and normal faulting in the east, separated by the NE-SW trending Delhi Hardwar Ridge/Mahendragarh-Dehradun Fault (DHR-MDF). The WNW-ESE trending Delhi Sargoda Ridge (DSR), which intersects DHR-MDF in the west, is inferred as a thrust fault. The transfer of stress from the interaction zone of DHR-MDF and DSR to nearby smaller faults could further contribute to the scattered shallow seismicity in Delhi region.

scholarly journals The Implementation of Visual Comfort Evaluation in the Evidence-Based Design Process Using Lighting Simulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4982
Author(s):  
Anahita Davoodi ◽  
Peter Johansson ◽  
Myriam Aries
Keyword(s):  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Visual Comfort ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Post Occupancy Evaluation ◽  
Lighting Simulation ◽  
Insight Into

Validation of the EBD-SIM (evidence-based design-simulation) framework, a conceptual framework developed to integrate the use of lighting simulation in the EBD process, suggested that EBD’s post-occupancy evaluation (POE) should be conducted more frequently. A follow-up field study was designed for subjective–objective results implementation in the EBD process using lighting simulation tools. In this real-time case study, the visual comfort of the occupants was evaluated. The visual comfort analysis data were collected via simulations and questionnaires for subjective visual comfort perceptions. The follow-up study, conducted in June, confirmed the results of the original study, conducted in October, but additionally found correlations with annual performance metrics. This study shows that, at least for the variables related to daylight, a POE needs to be conducted at different times of the year to obtain a more comprehensive insight into the users’ perception of the lit environment.

On-Demand Public Transit: A Markovian Continuous Approximation Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel F. Silva ◽  
Alexander Vinel ◽  
Bekircan Kirkici
Keyword(s):  
System Performance ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Public Transit ◽  
Continuous Approximation ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Fleet Sizing ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Single Vehicle ◽  
Transit Agencies ◽  
Using Data

With recent advances in mobile technology, public transit agencies around the world have started actively experimenting with new transportation modes, many of which can be characterized as on-demand public transit. Design and efficient operation of such systems can be particularly challenging, because they often need to carefully balance demand volume with resource availability. We propose a family of models for on-demand public transit that combine a continuous approximation methodology with a Markov process. Our goal is to develop a tractable method to evaluate and predict system performance, specifically focusing on obtaining the probability distribution of performance metrics. This information can then be used in capital planning, such as fleet sizing, contracting, and driver scheduling, among other things. We present the analytical solution for a stylized single-vehicle model of first-mile operation. Then, we describe several extensions to the base model, including two approaches for the multivehicle case. We use computational experiments to illustrate the effects of the inputs on the performance metrics and to compare different modes of transit. Finally, we include a case study, using data collected from a real-world pilot on-demand public transit project in a major U.S. metropolitan area, to showcase how the proposed model can be used to predict system performance and support decision making.

scholarly journals A multidisciplinary approach to health campaign effectiveness

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Rath ◽  
Marisa Greenberg ◽  
Ollie Ganz ◽  
Lindsay Pitzer ◽  
Elizabeth Hair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Audience Response ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
Health Campaign ◽  
Prevention Campaign ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Public Health Campaigns ◽  
Use Behavior

Campaign costs are rising, making ad execution testing more critical to determine effectiveness prior to media spending. Premarket testing occurs prior to messages’ airing while in-market testing examines message attributes when messages are aired within a real-world setting, where context plays an important role in determining audience response. These types of ad testing provide critical feedback to help develop and deploy campaigns. Due to recent changes in media delivery platforms and audience tobacco use behavior, this study analyzes two nationally representative youth samples, aged 15-21, to examine if pre-market ad testing is an indicator of in-market ad performance for public health campaigns, which rely on persuasive messages to promote or reduce health behaviors rather than selling a product. Using data from the truth® campaign, a national tobacco use prevention campaign targeted to youth and young adults, findings indicate strong associations between pre-market scores and in-market ad performance metrics.

Risk Analysis Techniques for Safety Evaluation of Highway Work Zones

2000 ◽  
Vol 1715 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Elias ◽  
Zohar J. Herbsman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Highway Safety ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Work Zone ◽  
Work Zones ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Work Zone Safety ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
Temporary Closure

Construction sites or work zones create serious disruptions in the normal flow of traffic, resulting in major inconveniences for the traveling public. Furthermore, these work zones create safety hazards that require special consideration. Current legislation and programs, at both state and national levels, emphasize the need for a better understanding of work zone problems to address work zone safety. This reality—coupled with the temporary closure of more miles of highway every year for rehabilitation and maintenance—makes the analysis of safety at construction sites a serious matter. A summary of a comprehensive study associated with the development of a new practical approach to address highway safety in construction zones is presented. Because empirical models require sample sizes that are not attainable due to the intrinsic scarcity of construction zone accident data, the problem was studied from the point of view of risk analysis. Monte Carlo simulations were used to develop risk factors. These factors are meant to be included in the calculations of additional user costs for work zones, or simply applied as risk measurements, to optimize the length and duration of closures for highway reconstruction and rehabilitation projects. In this way, it will be possible to assess the danger of work zones to the traveling public and minimize adverse effect of work zones on highway safety.

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