Repeatability and Agreement of Various High-Speed Macrotexture Measurement Devices

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (2) ◽  
pp. 650-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent I. Bongioanni ◽  
Kyle Maeger ◽  
Samer W. Katicha ◽  
Edgar D. de León Izeppi ◽  
Gerardo W. Flintsch
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Portland Cement Concrete ◽  
Textured Surfaces ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Cement Concrete Pavement ◽  
Acceleration And Deceleration ◽  
Acquisition Speed ◽  
Measurement Devices ◽  
Laser Devices

Five high-speed macrotexture measurement devices were tested on a variety of asphalt and Portland cement concrete pavement surfaces to evaluate their repeatability and their pairwise agreement. Experiments were run under three speed conditions: highway speed, varying constant speeds, and various acceleration and deceleration profiles. Data were processed and reduced per current industry standards. A novel approach for outlier removal from line laser devices was developed. The pairwise device agreement was evaluated using a limits of agreement analysis. The results demonstrate good repeatability for each of the devices tested. The agreement analysis showed that not all high-speed distance triangulation devices can be used interchangeably for all pavement surfaces. Data acquisition speed was found to be a factor in macrotexture parameter calculation for two of the five devices. The effect of speed was found to be worse on randomly textured surfaces than on transversely textured surfaces. Finally, acceleration was shown to have an effect on the parameters produced by one of the devices, giving further credence to the fact that care should be taken to gather high-quality datasets for the critical pavement characteristic of macrotexture.

scholarly journals Tracking by Deblatting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denys Rozumnyi ◽  
Jan Kotera ◽  
Filip Šroubek ◽  
Jiří Matas
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Motion Blur ◽  
Velocity Estimation ◽  
High Speed Camera ◽  
Trajectory Function ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Blind Deblurring ◽  
Object Trajectories ◽  
Complex Trajectories

AbstractObjects moving at high speed along complex trajectories often appear in videos, especially videos of sports. Such objects travel a considerable distance during exposure time of a single frame, and therefore, their position in the frame is not well defined. They appear as semi-transparent streaks due to the motion blur and cannot be reliably tracked by general trackers. We propose a novel approach called Tracking by Deblatting based on the observation that motion blur is directly related to the intra-frame trajectory of an object. Blur is estimated by solving two intertwined inverse problems, blind deblurring and image matting, which we call deblatting. By postprocessing, non-causal Tracking by Deblatting estimates continuous, complete, and accurate object trajectories for the whole sequence. Tracked objects are precisely localized with higher temporal resolution than by conventional trackers. Energy minimization by dynamic programming is used to detect abrupt changes of motion, called bounces. High-order polynomials are then fitted to smooth trajectory segments between bounces. The output is a continuous trajectory function that assigns location for every real-valued time stamp from zero to the number of frames. The proposed algorithm was evaluated on a newly created dataset of videos from a high-speed camera using a novel Trajectory-IoU metric that generalizes the traditional Intersection over Union and measures the accuracy of the intra-frame trajectory. The proposed method outperforms the baselines both in recall and trajectory accuracy. Additionally, we show that from the trajectory function precise physical calculations are possible, such as radius, gravity, and sub-frame object velocity. Velocity estimation is compared to the high-speed camera measurements and radars. Results show high performance of the proposed method in terms of Trajectory-IoU, recall, and velocity estimation.

The Role of Porous Media in Homogenization of High Pressure Diesel Fuel Spray Combustion

2013 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Navid Shahangian ◽  
Damon Honnery ◽  
Jamil Ghojel
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Porous Media ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Fuel Spray ◽  
Compression Ignition Engines ◽  
System Pressure ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Air Mixing ◽  
The Media

Interest is growing in the benefits of homogeneous charge compression ignition engines. In this paper, we investigate a novel approach to the development of a homogenous charge-like environment through the use of porous media. The primary purpose of the media is to enhance the spread as well as the evaporation process of the high pressure fuel spray to achieve charge homogenization. In this paper, we show through high speed visualizations of both cold and hot spray events, how porous media interactions can give rise to greater fuel air mixing and what role system pressure and temperature plays in further enhancing this process.

Practicality Assessment of a Frugal Nanoparticle Generator: Opening doors to Nano Pharmaceuticals for the researchers and students of underprivileged academic institutions.

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swayamprakash Patel ◽  
Ashish Patel ◽  
Mruduka Patel ◽  
Umang Shah ◽  
Mehul Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Ultrasonic Vibration ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Patent Application ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Research Institutions ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Sophisticated Equipment

Background: Probe sonication and High-speed homogenizer are comparatively costly equipment to fabricate the nanoparticles. Many academic and research institutions cannot afford the procurement and maintenance of such sophisticated equipment. In the present work, a newer idea is conceptualized, which can be adopted by the underprivileged research institutions to fabricate solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) in the absence of sophisticated equipment. The current work describes the pilot-level trials of this novel approach. This study represents the preliminary proof-of-concept trials for which the Indian patent application (3508/MUM/2015) is filed. Method: A frugal piece of equipment was made using a 50 ml centrifuge tube with conical bottom and a piezoelectric mist maker or humidifier. SLNs were prepared by combining the quasi-emulsion solvent evaporation approach and ultrasonic vibration approach. A quasi-emulsion was composed by the dropwise mixing of the organic solvent containing drug & lipid with an aqueous solution containing surfactant under continuous ultrasonic vibration in the piezoelectric chamber. The size of the droplets was significantly reduced due to piezoelectric ultrasonic vibration. Under the provision of mild vacuum and heat generated by vibration, the organic solvent was evaporated, which leaves behind a suspension of SLN. In the present work, albendazole was selected as a model drug. Various trials with Compritol 888 ATO® and Precirol ATO 5® as a lipid carrier and Tween 80 and Poloxamer 188 as a surfactant were performed. Zeta potential of SLNs was improved by the addition of polyelectrolytes like K2SO4 and Na4P2O7. Result and Conclusion: The ratio of drug to lipid was optimized to 1:4 for the most favorable results. SLN with a minimum Z-average diameter of 98.59 nm, -21 mV zeta potential, and 34.064 % (SD 10.78, n=9) entrapment efficiency were developed using the Precirol ATO 5 ® as a lipid carrier. The proof of concept for this novel approach is established through the development of Albendazole SLNs. This approach must also be evaluated for the development of polymeric nanoparticles and vesicular formulations. The further sophistication of the frugal equipment may allow more control over the quality of SLN. This approach will enable underprivileged researchers to prepare Nanopharmaceuticals. Researchers and students of such institutions can focus on the application of SLN by resolving the constraint of sophisticated equipment with this novel approach. This novel approach should also be tried for polymeric and vesicular nanopharmaceuticals.

scholarly journals A Novel Approach on the Unipolar Axial Type Eddy Current Brake Model Considering the Skin Effect

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1561
Author(s):  
Hery Tri Waloyo ◽  
U Ubaidillah ◽  
Dominicus Danardono Dwi Prija Tjahjana ◽  
Muhammad Nizam ◽  
Muhammad Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Correction Factor ◽  
Eddy Current ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Skin Effect ◽  
Actual Condition ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Braking Torque

The braking torque mathematical modelling in electromagnetic eddy current brake (ECB) often ignores the skin effect that occurrs during operation. However this phenomenon can not be simply neglected. Therefore, this paper presents a mathematical model of braking torque for a unipolar axial type of ECB system with a non-magnetic disk, which considers the skin effects. The use of mathematical models that consider the existence of skin effects is significant in approaching the braking torque according to the actual condition. The utilization of generic calculations to the model of the ECB braking torque leads to invalid results. Hence, in this paper, the correction factor was added to improve the braking torque calculation as a comparator to the proposed equation. However, the modification and addition of the correction factor were only valid to estimate the low-speed regimes of torque, but very distant for the high-speed condition. From the comparison of calculated values using analytical and 3D modelling, the amount of braking torque at a low speed was found to have an average error for the equation using a correction factor of 1.78 Nm, while after repairing, a value of 1.16 Nm was obtained. For the overall speed, an average error of 14.63 Nm was achieved, while the proposed equation had a small difference of 1.79 Nm. The torque difference from the calculation results of the proposed model with the measurement value in the experiment was 4.9%. Therefore, it can be concluded that the proposed equation provided a better braking torque value approach for both low and high speeds.

scholarly journals Optimal Falling Track Design for Twice detonating Fuze of Double event Fuel air Explosive with High Speed

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-373
Author(s):  
Congliang Ye ◽  
Qi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Design System ◽  
Motion Trajectory ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Scale Experiment ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Point Center ◽  
Double Event

To prevent the initiation failure caused by the uncontrolled fuze and improve the weapon reliability in the high-speed double-event fuel-air explosive (DEFAE) application, it is necessary to study the TDF motion trajectory and set up a twice-detonating fuze (TDF) design system. Hence, a novel approach of realising the fixed single-point center initiation by TDF within the fuel air cloud is proposed. Accordingly, a computational model for the TDF motion state with the nonlinear mechanics analysis is built due to the expensive and difficult full-scale experiment. Moreover, the TDF guidance design system is programmed using MATLAB with the equations of mechanical equilibrium. In addition, by this system, influences of various input parameters on the TDF motion trajectory are studied in detail singly. Conclusively, the result of a certain TDF example indicates that this paper provides an economical idea for the TDF design, and the developed graphical user interface of high-efficiency for the weapon designers to facilitate the high-speed DEFAE missile development.

Research on Vector Blending Algorithm of Velocity for Acceleration and Deceleration of High Speed Machining

2009 ◽  
Vol 626-627 ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Ren ◽  
H.G. Chen ◽  
Wen Hua Chen ◽  
Jun Pan
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
High Speed Machining ◽  
Acceleration And Deceleration ◽  
On Line

To guarantee the efficiency and accuracy of machining in high speed machining, a novel vector blending algorithm for velocity smooth link is proposed. Based on efficient acceleration/deceleration technique for a single distance movement, the desired acceleration/deceleration characteristics can be selected. According to acceleration/deceleration characteristics, two different acceleration/deceleration profiles for two corresponding distance movements are constructed respectively. Under the condition of length of movement, highest velocity and direction of motion, two different acceleration/deceleration profiles are blended. On-line implementation results show that the proposed approach makes velocity link smoothly and efficiency and accuracy of machining can be guaranteed.

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