scholarly journals Tracking by Deblatting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denys Rozumnyi ◽  
Jan Kotera ◽  
Filip Šroubek ◽  
Jiří Matas
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Motion Blur ◽  
Velocity Estimation ◽  
High Speed Camera ◽  
Trajectory Function ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Blind Deblurring ◽  
Object Trajectories ◽  
Complex Trajectories

AbstractObjects moving at high speed along complex trajectories often appear in videos, especially videos of sports. Such objects travel a considerable distance during exposure time of a single frame, and therefore, their position in the frame is not well defined. They appear as semi-transparent streaks due to the motion blur and cannot be reliably tracked by general trackers. We propose a novel approach called Tracking by Deblatting based on the observation that motion blur is directly related to the intra-frame trajectory of an object. Blur is estimated by solving two intertwined inverse problems, blind deblurring and image matting, which we call deblatting. By postprocessing, non-causal Tracking by Deblatting estimates continuous, complete, and accurate object trajectories for the whole sequence. Tracked objects are precisely localized with higher temporal resolution than by conventional trackers. Energy minimization by dynamic programming is used to detect abrupt changes of motion, called bounces. High-order polynomials are then fitted to smooth trajectory segments between bounces. The output is a continuous trajectory function that assigns location for every real-valued time stamp from zero to the number of frames. The proposed algorithm was evaluated on a newly created dataset of videos from a high-speed camera using a novel Trajectory-IoU metric that generalizes the traditional Intersection over Union and measures the accuracy of the intra-frame trajectory. The proposed method outperforms the baselines both in recall and trajectory accuracy. Additionally, we show that from the trajectory function precise physical calculations are possible, such as radius, gravity, and sub-frame object velocity. Velocity estimation is compared to the high-speed camera measurements and radars. Results show high performance of the proposed method in terms of Trajectory-IoU, recall, and velocity estimation.

Development of a Non-Contacting Mechanical Seal for High Performance Turbocharger Applications

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Piston Ring ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Response ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Mechanical Seal ◽  
Tribological Surfaces ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Automobile Engines

This paper presents the design and development of a non-contacting dry-gas mechanical seal for high performance automotive turbocharger applications. Turbochargers are increasingly being incorporated into high performance automobile engines to improve fuel efficiency, enhance energy recovery, and increase horsepower as compared with similar sized naturally aspirated engines. Minimizing the wear rate of tribological surfaces in the turbomachinery is critical to maximizing the reliability and durability of the turbocharger. A dry-gas seal for turbochargers and related technologies with 2 to 4 cm shafts has been developed. The seal provides a complete barrier between the bearing oil and compressor flow path and is capable of reverse pressure and high speed. The seal performance was evaluated for speeds between 60,000 to 80,000 RPM, pressure differentials between −0.8 (reverse pressure) to 6 bar, and temperatures between 20 to 200 °C. Structural and thermal response of the seal components to the operating conditions are analyzed using finite element methods and the tribological behavior of the seal rings are analyzed using computational fluid dynamics. The design is experimentally validated in a seal test stand. This novel approach reduces turbocharger blowby and shows no measurable wear when compared with piston ring seals.

Development of a Noncontacting Mechanical Seal for High Performance Turbocharger Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Piston Ring ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Response ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Mechanical Seal ◽  
Tribological Surfaces ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Automobile Engines

This paper presents the design and development of a noncontacting dry-gas mechanical seal for high performance automotive turbocharger applications. Turbochargers are increasingly being incorporated into high performance automobile engines to improve fuel efficiency, enhance energy recovery, and increase horsepower as compared with similar sized naturally aspirated engines. Minimizing the wear rate of tribological surfaces in the turbomachinery is critical to maximizing the reliability and durability of the turbocharger. A dry-gas seal for turbochargers and related technologies with 2–4 cm shafts has been developed. The seal provides a complete barrier between the bearing oil and compressor flow path and is capable of reverse pressure and high speed. The seal performance was evaluated for speeds between 60,000 and 80,000 rpm, pressure differentials between −0.8 (reverse pressure) to 6 bar, and temperatures between 20 and 200 °C. Structural and thermal response of the seal components to the operating conditions are analyzed using finite element methods and the tribological behavior of the seal rings are analyzed using computational fluid dynamics. The design is experimentally validated in a seal test stand. This novel approach reduces turbocharger blowby and shows no measurable wear when compared with piston ring seals.

Development of Electronic Substrates for Medical Device Applications

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 (DPC) ◽  
pp. 001527-001546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank D. Egitto ◽  
Rabindra N. Das ◽  
Francesco Marconi ◽  
Bill Wilson ◽  
Voya R. Markovich
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Electronic Materials ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Fine Line ◽  
Flexible Materials ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Micro Pillars ◽  
Electronic Substrates

There is a strong desire to develop advanced electronic substrates that can meet the growing demand for miniaturization, high-speed performance, and flexibility for medical devices. To accomplish this, new packaging structures need to be able to integrate more dies with greater function, higher I/O counts, smaller pitches, and high reliability, while being pushed into smaller and smaller footprints. As a result, the microelectronics industry is moving toward alternative, innovative approaches as solutions for squeezing more function into smaller packages. In the present study, we are developing flexible packages for a variety of medical applications. Here we discuss several classes of flexible materials that can be used to form high-performance flexible packaging. In addition, copper thinner than 5 μm is routinely used, with copper layers as thin as 0.2 μm used as a seed layer for semi-additive approaches. The use of semi-additive circuitization facilitates manufacture of fine-line circuit features, and traces narrower than 12μm have been produced routinely. A smooth copper-polymer interface is ideal for high speed applications and for fine line etching. Selection of an appropriate material provides good copper adhesion to the base film. Flexible materials with 1 or 2 metal layers provide the smallest possible roll diameter for systems such as catheters. Compatibility with well developed, high performance electronic materials represents a key advantage of flexible electronics systems that are enabled by high density fine line structures rather than unusual materials. Electrical interconnection between the chip and package can be made by a number of means. Solder-coated Cu-micro pillars for a variety of finer pitch applications are being developed. Cu micro pillars are grown through the dielectric or silicon and subsequently coated with solder to produce finer pitch 3D-interconnects. The paper also describes a novel approach for the fabrication of flexible electronics on PDMS substrates. The paper discusses the fabrication of PDMS substrates using different circuit patterns and geometries. Rozalia/Ron ok move from 2.5/3D to FC/WLP 12-21-11.

Vacuum System to Minimize the Specimen Contamination of High-Performance EM

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 68-69
Author(s):  
N. Yoshimura ◽  
K. Shirota ◽  
T. Etoh
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Pumping System ◽  
Diffusion Pump ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Cascade Type

One of the most important requirements for a high-performance EM, especially an analytical EM using a fine beam probe, is to prevent specimen contamination by providing a clean high vacuum in the vicinity of the specimen. However, in almost all commercial EMs, the pressure in the vicinity of the specimen under observation is usually more than ten times higher than the pressure measured at the punping line. The EM column inevitably requires the use of greased Viton O-rings for fine movement, and specimens and films need to be exchanged frequently and several attachments may also be exchanged. For these reasons, a high speed pumping system, as well as a clean vacuum system, is now required. A newly developed electron microscope, the JEM-100CX features clean high vacuum in the vicinity of the specimen, realized by the use of a CASCADE type diffusion pump system which has been essentially improved over its predeces- sorD employed on the JEM-100C.

PHAX-SCAN: Functional integration of a Scanning Electron Microscope and an energy-dispersive x-ray analyser

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 56-57
Author(s):  
Marc H. Peeters ◽  
Max T. Otten
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Speed Analysis ◽  
Scanning Electron

Over the past decades, the combination of energy-dispersive analysis of X-rays and scanning electron microscopy has proved to be a powerful tool for fast and reliable elemental characterization of a large variety of specimens. The technique has evolved rapidly from a purely qualitative characterization method to a reliable quantitative way of analysis. In the last 5 years, an increasing need for automation is observed, whereby energy-dispersive analysers control the beam and stage movement of the scanning electron microscope in order to collect digital X-ray images and perform unattended point analysis over multiple locations.The Philips High-speed Analysis of X-rays system (PHAX-Scan) makes use of the high performance dual-processor structure of the EDAX PV9900 analyser and the databus structure of the Philips series 500 scanning electron microscope to provide a highly automated, user-friendly and extremely fast microanalysis system. The software that runs on the hardware described above was specifically designed to provide the ultimate attainable speed on the system.

The bright future of digital imaging in scanning electron microscopy

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 768-769
Author(s):  
M. T. Postek ◽  
A. E. Vladar
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Digital Imaging ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mass Storage ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Central Processing ◽  
Digital Imaging Technology ◽  
Scanning Electron

One of the major advancements applied to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) during the past 10 years has been the development and application of digital imaging technology. Advancements in technology, notably the availability of less expensive, high-density memory chips and the development of high speed analog-to-digital converters, mass storage and high performance central processing units have fostered this revolution. Today, most modern SEM instruments have digital electronics as a standard feature. These instruments, generally have 8 bit or 256 gray levels with, at least, 512 × 512 pixel density operating at TV rate. In addition, current slow-scan commercial frame-grabber cards, directly applicable to the SEM, can have upwards of 12-14 bit lateral resolution permitting image acquisition at 4096 × 4096 resolution or greater. The two major categories of SEM systems to which digital technology have been applied are:In the analog SEM system the scan generator is normally operated in an analog manner and the image is displayed in an analog or "slow scan" mode.

Performance Analysis of Various Multipliers Using 8T-full Adder with 180nm Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 864-870
Author(s):  
Sai Venkatramana Prasada G.S ◽  
G. Seshikala ◽  
S. Niranjana
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Power Dissipation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Full Adder ◽  
Fundamental Operation ◽  
Wallace Tree ◽  
Power Delay Product ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Wallace Tree Multiplier

Background: This paper presents the comparative study of power dissipation, delay and power delay product (PDP) of different full adders and multiplier designs. Methods: Full adder is the fundamental operation for any processors, DSP architectures and VLSI systems. Here ten different full adder structures were analyzed for their best performance using a Mentor Graphics tool with 180nm technology. Results: From the analysis result high performance full adder is extracted for further higher level designs. 8T full adder exhibits high speed, low power delay and low power delay product and hence it is considered to construct four different multiplier designs, such as Array multiplier, Baugh Wooley multiplier, Braun multiplier and Wallace Tree multiplier. These different structures of multipliers were designed using 8T full adder and simulated using Mentor Graphics tool in a constant W/L aspect ratio. Conclusion: From the analysis, it is concluded that Wallace Tree multiplier is the high speed multiplier but dissipates comparatively high power. Baugh Wooley multiplier dissipates less power but exhibits more time delay and low PDP.

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