Public Transportation as Collaborative Art: MetroLink, St. Louis

1996 ◽  
Vol 1549 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Emily Blumenfeld ◽  
Tanya Yatzeck
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Light Rail ◽  
Design Team ◽  
Visual Artists ◽  
Process Solutions

MetroLink—the St. Louis region's new 29-km (18-mi), 18-station light-rail system—is a collaborative work of public art. Civic leaders had the foresight to suggest that visual artists collaborate with architects and engineers in designing the infrastructure of the system. The Bi-State Development Agency had the courage to accept this first-of-its-kind initiative. Reaching for design excellence, artists became involved early in the design process of the largest public works project in the region. In January 1988, six visual artists were brought onto the MetroLink design team: Alice Adams (New York), Gary Burnley (New York, formerly St. Louis), Leila Daw (Boston, formerly St. Louis), Michael Jantzen (Los Angeles, formerly St. Louis), Anna Valentina Murch (San Francisco), and Jody Pinto (New York). The results of the MetroLink design team collaboration are evident along the entire alignment. Integration of station design, technical details, and right-of-way to develop a comprehensive look for the system was a consideration from the beginning of the process. Solutions to the design challenges are unique Y-shaped bridge piers and well-designed underground tunnel stations that maintain the character of the historic space. Unconventional passenger shelters for outdoor stations, intimate vehicle interiors, atypical framing of power substations, and preservation of original architectural remnants at some stations are also highlights of the collaboration. Art is integral with design—urban infrastructure is the work of art.

The “Japanese Turn” in Fine Dining in the United States, 1980–2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Samuel H. Yamashita
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
San Francisco Bay Area ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Further Training ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Wide Acceptance

In the 1970s, Japanese cooks began to appear in the kitchens of nouvelle cuisine chefs in France for further training, with scores more arriving in the next decades. Paul Bocuse, Alain Chapel, Joël Robuchon, and other leading French chefs started visiting Japan to teach, cook, and sample Japanese cuisine, and ten of them eventually opened restaurants there. In the 1980s and 1990s, these chefs' frequent visits to Japan and the steady flow of Japanese stagiaires to French restaurants in Europe and the United States encouraged a series of changes that I am calling the “Japanese turn,” which found chefs at fine-dining establishments in Los Angeles, New York City, and later the San Francisco Bay Area using an ever-widening array of Japanese ingredients, employing Japanese culinary techniques, and adding Japanese dishes to their menus. By the second decade of the twenty-first century, the wide acceptance of not only Japanese ingredients and techniques but also concepts like umami (savory tastiness) and shun (seasonality) suggest that Japanese cuisine is now well known to many American chefs.

scholarly journals 214 Longitudinal Changes in Sleep Duration, Timing, Variability, and Stages during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Large-Scale Fitbit Data

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A86-A86
Author(s):  
Michael Grandner ◽  
Naghmeh Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Longitudinal Changes ◽  
Timing Variability

Abstract Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in societal-level changes to sleep and other behavioral patterns. Objective, longitudinal data would allow for a greater understanding of sleep-related changes at the population level. Methods N= 163,524 deidentified active Fitbit users from 6 major US cities contributed data, representing areas particularly hard-hit by the pandemic (Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco, and Miami). Sleep variables extracted include nightly and weekly mean sleep duration and bedtime, variability (standard deviation) of sleep duration and bedtime, and estimated arousals and sleep stages. Deviation from similar timeframes in 2019 were examined. All analyses were performed in Python. Results These data detail how sleep duration and timing changed longitudinally, stratified by age group and gender, relative to previous years’ data. Overall, 2020 represented a significant departure for all age groups and both men and women (P<0.00001). Mean sleep duration increased in nearly all groups (P<0.00001) by 5-11 minutes, compared to a mean decrease of 5-8 minutes seen over the same period in 2019. Categorically, sleep duration increased for some and decreased for others, but more extended than restricted. Sleep phase shifted later for nearly all groups (p<0.00001). Categorically, bedtime was delayed for some and advanced for others, though more delayed than advanced. Duration and bedtime variability decreased, owing largely to decreased weekday-weekend differences. WASO increased, REM% increased, and Deep% decreased. Additional analyses show stratified, longitudinal changes to sleep duration and timing mean and variability distributions by month, as well as effect sizes and correlations to other outcomes. Conclusion The pandemic was associated with increased sleep duration on average, in contrast to 2019 when sleep decreased. The increase was most profound among younger adults, especially women. The youngest adults also experienced the greatest bedtime delay, in line with extensive school-start-times and chronotype data. When given the opportunity, the difference between weekdays and weekends became smaller, with occupational implications. Sleep staging data showed that slightly extending sleep minimally impacted deep sleep but resulted in a proportional increase in REM. Wakefulness during the night also increased, suggesting increased arousal despite greater sleep duration. Support (if any) This research was supported by Fitbit, Inc.

scholarly journals Глобальные города: многокритериальная оценка устойчивого развития

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
И.А. Шмелева ◽  
С.Э. Шмелев
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Global Cities ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Strategic Direction ◽  
And Performance

A new strategic direction for greening our cities and making them smart to reduce the environmental impact of their performance, increase employment and economic viability and to enhance the quality of life requires a thorough assessment of sustainability and smart urban performance. The research presented in this paper is based on data on 143 global cities including London, New York, Hong Kong, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Sao Paolo, Rio de Janeiro, Buenos Aires, Paris, Berlin, Stockholm, Moscow, Beijing, Seoul, Singapore, Shanghai, Sydney and Tokyo. Exploring linkages between different sustainability and smart city dimensions, this study applied a multi-criteria approach using a panel of 20 indicators to assess urban sustainability performance of global cities. The assessment focused on the drivers of CO2 emissions in cities, including important aspects of energy transitions, the share of coal in the energy mix and renewable energy, public transport, cycling patterns and pedestrianization, waste recycling as well as carbon tax. The results show that San Francisco leads in economic and environmental priorities, and Stockholm leads insocial and smart city priorities. Seoul consistently performs very successfully across the whole spectrum of indicators. We devote considerable attention to the strategies, policies and performance of the leading cities, namely, San Francisco, Stockholm and Seoul. This assessment could be a valuable tool for policy-makers and investors, and could help identify linkages between different sustainability dimensions, as well as sustainable development potential and investment opportunities in cities.

Abstract MP38: Longitudinal Population-Level Changes In Resting Heart Rate During The COVID-19 Pandemic: Impact Of Changes In Sleep, Circadian, And Physical Activity Variables

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naghmeh Rezaei ◽  
Michael A Grandner
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Resting Heart Rate

Introduction: Population-level objective estimates of changes in health metrics over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic are sparse. This study evaluated change in resting heart rate (RHR) determined by optical plethysmography and relationships to changes in other lifestyle health behaviors (sleep and activity). Methods: Data were obtained from N=197,988 Fitbit users who wore their heart-rate enabled Fitbit device to sleep and had detected sleep stages at least 10 days in the month of January, the baseline period; and synced their devices at least once in the last 10 days of April. In addition, potential participants needed to reside in one of 6 target cities: Chicago, Illinois; Houston, Texas; Los Angeles, California; San Francisco, California; New York City, New York; and Miami, Florida. Users who met these criteria were randomly selected. Daily RHR, sleep duration (minutes), sleep duration variability (standard deviation), bedtime, step count, and active minutes were estimated by the device. Differences between January (before the pandemic) and April (peak of stay-at-home orders) was computed. Correlations between change in RHR and change in other variables were evaluated, stratified by age and sex. Results: For all age groups, in both men and women, mean RHR declined from January to April by about 1bpm, with the highest reductions in the youngest adults (all p<1x10 -100 ). In general, across both genders and all age groups, reductions in RHR were correlated with greater sleep duration, delaying bedtime, reduced sleep variability, and more active minutes. Steps were also associated in younger (but not older) adults. Results for ages 18-29 and >=65 are displayed in the Table. Discussion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, RHR decreased robustly but very slightly. Reductions in RHR were correlated with improvements in other health behaviors (sleep and activity). Causal relationships could not be evaluated, but future studies may explore whether even small changes in health behaviors can measurably impact population RHR.

scholarly journals Uber Takes the Passing Lane: Disruptive Competition and Taxi-Livery Service Regulations

Elements ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Schneider
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Cost Burden ◽  
Fundamental Change ◽  
Significant Cost ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ride Sharing ◽  
Do So

It is rare that municipalities have the opportunity to remake a significant portion of key infrastructure, and to do so without significant cost burden on the citizens. The advent of Uber and similar entities that have moved the ride-sharing concept into the 21st century provide that unique chance in the public transportation arena. However, cities such as Los Angeles, New York, and Chicago are responding to Uber as a threat to established taxi-livery services and their accompanying regulatory structures rather than an opportunity for modernization. in order to capitalize on this transformative moment, cities and governments must rethink and address decades-old rules, regulations, and entrenched interests. The benefits to and acceptance by the public that surround the ride-sharing movement are unprecedented. Whether today's politicians and regulators have the courage and foresight to embrace this fundamental change will determine the long-term success and the meaningful evolution of our national transportation newtork.

Adefovir dipivoxil alone or in combination with lamivudine in patients with lamivudine-resistant chronic hepatitis B 1 1The Adefovir Dipivoxil International 461 Study Group includes the following: N. Afdhal (Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA); P. Angus (Austin and Repatriation Medical Centre, Melbourne, Australia); Y. Benhamou (Hopital La Pitie Salpetriere, Paris, France); M. Bourliere (Hopital Saint Joseph, Marseille, France); P. Buggisch (Universitaetsklinikum Eppendorf, Department of Medicine, Hamburg, Germany); P. Couzigou (Hopital Haut Leveque, Pessac, France); P. Ducrotte and G. Riachi (Hopital Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France); E. Jenny Heathcote (Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada); H. W. Hann (Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA); I. Jacobson (New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY); K. Kowdley (University of Washington Hepatology Center, Seattle, WA); P. Marcellin (Hopital Beaujon, Clichy, France); P. Martin (Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA); J. M. Metreau (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri Mondor, Creteil, France); M. G. Peters (University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA); R. Rubin (Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta, GA); S. Sacks (Viridae Clinical Sciences, Inc., Vancouver, Canada); H. Thomas (St. Mary’s Hospital, London, England); C. Trepo (Hopital Hôtel Dieu, Lyon, France); D. Vetter (Hopital Civil, Strasbourg, France); C. L. Brosgart, R. Ebrahimi, J. Fry, C. Gibbs, K. Kleber, J. Rooney, M. Sullivan, P. Vig, C. Westland, M. Wulfsohn, and S. Xiong (Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA); D. F. Gray (GlaxoSmithKline, Greenford, Middlesex, England); R. Schilling and V. Ferry (Parexel International, Waltham, MA); and D. Hunt (Covance Laboratories, Princeton, NJ).

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion G. Peters ◽  
H.W. Hann ◽  
Paul Martin ◽  
E.Jenny Heathcote ◽  
P. Buggisch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Adefovir Dipivoxil ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Jefferson Medical College ◽  
Toronto Western Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Centre Hospitalier ◽  
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire

Maritime Administration’s Formulation of a Maritime Energy and Clean Emissions Program

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Gore
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
The State ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Local Pressures

The Environmental Protection Agency promulgation of “Control of Emissions of Air Pollution from New Marine Compression Ignition Engines at or above 37 kW,” on December 29, 1999, marked the first time federal air pollution regulations were directly applied to marine engines for commercial U.S. ships. Perhaps surprisingly, these regulations are not having as much impact as are individual State Implementation Plans (SIP) for Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) attainment, and local political pressures. These regional plans and pressures are forcing many domestic marine operators and ports to get a quick education on the cause and mitigation of air pollution. Cases in point, include: • The State of Alaska now fines passenger vessels that enter ports with greater than allowable stack gas opacities. One cruise operator has opted to plug into shore power when its vessels are tied up to pier. • In the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach vessel operators have been asked to slow vessel speeds below normal while entering and exiting in a voluntary attempt to reduce NOx emissions. • Environmentalists in the San Francisco Bay Area are applying significant political pressures to ensure proposed new ferry systems emit a minimum of air pollution. • The State of Texas briefly considered stopping all industrial equipment in the Port of Houston for twelve hours per day as a method of decreasing area ozone formation. • Potential NOx emissions generated during imminent channel dredging in the Port of New York and New Jersey is impeding the development of the latest State Implementation Plan. Local pressures are likely to continue to grow, federal regulations are set to become more stringent, and international conventions loom on the horizon. However, as expected in such a competitive industry, concerns are often focused on the bottom line in which cost of operations is a pre-eminent factor. It was in view of these dynamics that the federal Maritime Administration (MARAD) recently launched the Maritime Energy and Clean Emissions Program. This paper introduces the Program, including the background, evolution, and progress of each strategic goal. This paper is intended to be an overview. Attention is paid to the potential transferability and/or development of technologies not previously deployed in the U.S. marine environment. Any of the specific projects described could become the basis for a separate technical paper.

Impacts on Vehicle Occupancy and Airport Curb Congestion of Transportation Network Companies at Airports

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (23) ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Hermawan ◽  
Amelia C. Regan
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Public Transit ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Light Rail ◽  
International Airport ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Standard Service ◽  
Transportation Network Companies

How does the growth of transportation network companies (TNCs) at airports affect the use of shared modes and congestion? Using data from the 2015 passenger survey from Los Angeles International Airport (LAX), San Francisco International Airport (SFO), and Oakland International Airport (OAK), this research analyzes TNCs’ relationship with shared modes (modes that typically have higher vehicle-occupancy and include public transit such as buses and light rail, shared vans or shuttles) and the demand for their shared vs. standard service at the airport. Because TNCs both replace shared rides and make them possible, the research also measured the net effects at these airports. The results suggest that in 2015, TNCs caused 215,000 and 25,000 passengers to switch from shared to private modes at SFO and OAK, respectively. By 2020, the increase is expected to be about 840,000 and 107,000 passengers per year, respectively.

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