Transportation Development in Indochina

1996 ◽  
Vol 1563 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichiro Motomura
Keyword(s):  
Transportation Networks ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Mekong River ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
To Come ◽  
Transportation Development ◽  
First Time

For the first time in history the three countries in Indochina—Cambodia, Laos, and Viet Nam—have started a massive effort to upgrade their transportation systems, particularly those linking each one to the others. Despite the fact that the great Mekong River runs through all three countries, natural barriers formed by the massive Annamite Mountains, which extend from the Himalayas, effectively divide the peninsula, preventing both the Chinese civilization from the east and the Indian civilization from the west from crossing the barrier. Such seclusion suited the region's socialist regimes well in the 1970s and 1980s. Since the 1990s, however, circumstances have induced these three countries to adopt more market-oriented and outward-looking policies, which created interest in expanding and strengthening the region's transportation network. In addition to the drawing up of plans for domestic transportation networks, frequent international conferences have been convened to seek cooperation among the Indochinese countries and from abroad. Many projects have been identified, and some are being implemented. The extreme neglect under which the transportation network has operated during the past two decades has made such efforts daunting. The task of upgrading transportation infrastructure in Indochina will be a priority for some time to come.

scholarly journals Deep Autoencoder Neural Networks for Short-Term Traffic Congestion Prediction of Transportation Networks

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 2229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sen Zhang ◽  
Yong Yao ◽  
Jie Hu ◽  
Yong Zhao ◽  
Shaobo Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Transportation Networks ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Neural Network Models ◽  
Computation Efficiency ◽  
Congestion Prediction

Traffic congestion prediction is critical for implementing intelligent transportation systems for improving the efficiency and capacity of transportation networks. However, despite its importance, traffic congestion prediction is severely less investigated compared to traffic flow prediction, which is partially due to the severe lack of large-scale high-quality traffic congestion data and advanced algorithms. This paper proposes an accessible and general workflow to acquire large-scale traffic congestion data and to create traffic congestion datasets based on image analysis. With this workflow we create a dataset named Seattle Area Traffic Congestion Status (SATCS) based on traffic congestion map snapshots from a publicly available online traffic service provider Washington State Department of Transportation. We then propose a deep autoencoder-based neural network model with symmetrical layers for the encoder and the decoder to learn temporal correlations of a transportation network and predicting traffic congestion. Our experimental results on the SATCS dataset show that the proposed DCPN model can efficiently and effectively learn temporal relationships of congestion levels of the transportation network for traffic congestion forecasting. Our method outperforms two other state-of-the-art neural network models in prediction performance, generalization capability, and computation efficiency.

scholarly journals Circular job-related spatial mobility in Germany:Comparative analyses of two representative surveys on the forms, prevalence and relevance in the context of partnership and family development

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiko Rüger ◽  
Michael Feldhaus ◽  
Katharina S. Becker ◽  
Monika Schlegel
Keyword(s):  
Job Mobility ◽  
Family Development ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Spatial Mobility ◽  
Comparative Analyses ◽  
The Past ◽  
General Rules ◽  
To Come ◽  
Complex Forms ◽  
First Time

Over the past few decades, employees have had to come to terms with increased demands of the labour market requiring greater flexibility and mobility. At the same time, increasingly versatile and complex forms of job-related spatial mobility are emerging. Consequently, the correlation between job mobility patterns and family-related processes is attracting more and more attention in the field of mobility and family research. However, to date there has rarely been a standard by which to systematically record and analyse job mobility. “Job Mobilities and Family Lives in Europe” (JobMob), a comparative European survey, and the “Panel Analysis of Intimate Relationships and Family Dynamics” (pairfam) constitute two sets of representative data for Germany, which provide largely comparable operationalisations for several forms of circular job mobility, thus allowing us to systematically perform comparative analyses. For the first time ever in this field of research, it is now possible to subject findings to a direct reciprocal validation process and to check whether general rules and correlations can be derived from them.In this regard, the present article aims at achieving three essential objectives. First, we will introduce a common indicator for circular job mobility patterns found in the two surveys. On the basis of this common indicator, we will comparatively analyse the prevalence of different mobility forms and their composition according to key socio-demographic characteristics. In addition, we will use multivariate analyses to illustrate the relevance of job mobility for partnership and family development. Results suggest mobility patterns to be an important individual context factor when explaining processes relevant to partnerships and family. In particular, women who exhibit some degree of job mobility are less often married and rarely have children.

scholarly journals Hub-Periphery Hierarchy in Bus Transportation Networks: Gini Coefficients and the Seoul Bus System

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chansoo Kim ◽  
Segun Goh ◽  
Myeong Seon Choi ◽  
Keumsook Lee ◽  
M. Y. Choi
Keyword(s):  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Transportation Networks ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
The Gini Coefficient ◽  
Bus Stops ◽  
Bus System ◽  
Bus Transportation

Bus transportation networks are characteristically different from other mass transportation systems such as airline or subway networks, and thus the usual approach may not work properly. In this paper, to analyze the bus transportation network, we employ the Gini coefficient, which measures the disparity of weights of bus stops. Applied to the Seoul bus system specifically, the Gini coefficient allows us to classify nodes in the bus network into two distinct types: hub and peripheral nodes. We elucidate the structural properties of the two types in the years 2011 and 2013, and probe the evolution of each type over the two years. It is revealed that the hub type evolves according to the controlled growth process while the peripheral one, displaying a number of new constructions as well as sudden closings of bus stops, is not described by growth dynamics. The Gini coefficient thus provides a key mathematical criterion of decomposing the transportation network into a growing one and the other. It would also help policymakers to deal with the complexity of urban mobility and make more sustainable city planning.

scholarly journals Dynamic measures for transportation networks

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0242875
Author(s):  
Oriol Lordan ◽  
Jose M. Sallan
Keyword(s):  
Transportation Networks ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Shortest Paths ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Dynamic Representation

Most complex network analyses of transportation systems use simplified static representations obtained from existing connections in a time horizon. In static representations, travel times, waiting times and compatibility of schedules are neglected, thus losing relevant information. To obtain a more accurate description of transportation networks, we use a dynamic representation that considers synced paths and that includes waiting times to compute shortest paths. We use the shortest paths to define dynamic network, node and edge measures to analyse the topology of transportation networks, comparable with measures obtained from static representations. We illustrate the application of these measures with a toy model and a real transportation network built from schedules of a low-cost carrier. Results show remarkable differences between measures of static and dynamic representations, demonstrating the limitations of the static representation to obtain accurate information of transportation networks.

Introduction

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-372
Author(s):  
NICHOLAS CANNY
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Preferences ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
National Archives ◽  
Public Record ◽  
The Moment ◽  
National Libraries ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

This Focus addresses the relationship between historians and the societies they serve, particularly since the later nineteenth century when, for the first time, historians began to define themselves as a distinct professional group. One of the conclusions that emerges from the four case studies pursued here is that the independence of judgement which professionalism implies, founders the moment it is perceived by a wider public that historians are no longer providing them with the moral guidance they expect from those who have studied their pasts. It is also shown that the challenges and responses did not prove identical in any two sets of circumstances. This introduction also makes reference to general challenges to which individual contributors do not necessarily refer, but which have impacted on the work and independence of all historians.Historians, both now and in the past, have been aware that what they write is, of necessity, influenced by their personal circumstances as also by their political and social preferences. Perhaps out of recognition of this, some writers of history in all centuries, and possibly from every culture, have celebrated their ability to shape policy in the present by citing experiences from past times. Then, in the nineteenth century, as governments in the west established Public Record Offices, National Archives and National Libraries, it came to be accepted in that part of the world that historians were professionals who, having undertaken a prescribed course of training, were uniquely equipped to assess how politicians and diplomats in the past had conducted their business.

The Henrician Reform

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bagchi
Keyword(s):  
English Literature ◽  
Religious History ◽  
The Other ◽  
Henry Viii ◽  
Parish Church ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Come ◽  
First Time ◽  
Transitional Phase

The reign of Henry VIII represented a transitional phase in the religious history of England. Despite a brief flirtation with Protestantism in the 1530s, the regime never adopted a full-throated Reformation, and by the end of the reign English Christians were still required to accept nearly all the doctrines and customs that had prevailed in 1509. On the other hand, the break with Rome, the effective rejection of the doctrine of Purgatory, and the severe pruning of the cult of the saints represented a clear discontinuity with the past. Above all, the regime’s decision to legalize the English Bible for the first time in 130 years, and to require every parish church to obtain a copy, influenced the direction of English Christianity, and of English literature, for decades to come.

scholarly journals The Main Anorthosite Layer of the West-Pana Intrusion, Kola Region: Geology and U-Pb Age Dating

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay Groshev ◽  
Bartosz Karykowski
Keyword(s):  
Group Element ◽  
Age Dating ◽  
Sulfide Liquid ◽  
Pb Isotope ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
Kola Region ◽  
Total Platinum ◽  
Pge Mineralization ◽  
First Time

The West-Pana intrusion belongs to the Paleoproterozoic Fedorova-Pana Complex of the Kola Region in NW Russia, which represents one of Europe’s most significant layered complexes in terms of total platinum group element (PGE) endowment. Numerous studies on the age of the West-Pana intrusion have been carried out in the past; however, all published U-Pb isotope ages were determined using multi-grain ID-TIMS. In this study, the mineralized Main Anorthosite Layer from the upper portion of the intrusion was dated using SHRIMP-II for the first time. High Th/U (0.9–3.7) zircons gave an upper intercept age of 2509.4 ± 6.2 Ma (2σ), whereas the lower portion of the intrusion was previously dated at 2501.5 ± 1.7 Ma, which suggests an out-of-sequence emplacement of the West-Pana intrusion. Furthermore, high-grade PGE mineralization hosted by the anorthosite layer, known as “South Reef”, can be attributed to (1) downward percolation of PGE-enriched sulfide liquid from the overlying gabbronoritic magma or (2) secondary redistribution of PGEs, which may coincide with a post-magmatic alteration event recorded by low Th/U (0.1–0.9) zircon and baddeleyite at 2476 ± 13 Ma (upper intercept).

scholarly journals Theodore Brentano – The first American minister for Hungary, 1922–1927

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-79
Keyword(s):  
Historical Memory ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Long Line ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Come ◽  
First Time ◽  
American Minister

Abstract The history of American-Hungarian relations has enjoyed renewed interest in the past thirty years. Despite this fact, there are still many uncovered or poorly documented episodes and persons concerning this academic territory. This article wishes to shed some light on one such character and period. It was in 1922 that the United States and Hungary established official diplomatic relations for the first time. Consequently the two countries exchanged ministers; thus, a long line of American ministers began to come and reside in Hungary. The very first of them was Theodore Brentano, who served five years in Budapest, between 1922 and 1927, but who seems to have disappeared from historical memory in both countries. Since 2022 marks the centenary of establishing diplomatic relations between the two countries, this article will introduce Theodore Brentano, the first American minister for Hungary and his work there. Brentano's years coincided with momentous events in Hungary in the post-Trianon era and were a time of relatively active relations between Washington and Budapest. Using primary and secondary sources alike, this article will hopefully illustrate a sorely missed part of the history of American-Hungarian history and rekindle interest in what took place a century ago.

Application of Accident Prediction Models for Computation of Accident Risk on Transportation Networks

2002 ◽  
Vol 1784 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Lord
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Transportation Networks ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Accident Risk ◽  
Accident Prediction

Accident risk has been applied extensively in transportation safety analysis. Risk is often used to describe the level of safety in transportation systems by incorporating a measure of exposure, such as traffic flow or kilometers driven. The most commonly applied definition of accident risk states that risk is a linear function of accidents and traffic flow. This definition, however, creates problems for transportation systems that are characterized by a nonlinear relationship between these variables. The primary objective of the original research was to illustrate the application of accident prediction models (APMs) to estimate accident risk on transportation networks. (APMs are useful tools for establishing the proper relationship between accidents and traffic flow.) The secondary objective was to describe important issues and limitations surrounding the application of APMs for this purpose. To accomplish these objectives, APMs were applied to a computerized transportation network with the help of EMME/2. The accident risk was computed with the traffic flow output of the computer program. The results were dramatic and unexpected: in essence, the individual risk of being involved in a collision decreases as traffic flow increases. The current and most common model form of APMs explains this outcome. The application of these results may have significant effects on transportation policy and intelligent transportation system strategies.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Microsimulation Models for Roadway Segments with Different Functional Classifications in Northern Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Amir Masoud Rahimi ◽  
Maxim A. Dulebenets ◽  
Arash Mazaheri
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Traffic Simulation ◽  
Transportation Networks ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Microsimulation Models

Industrialization, urban development, and population growth in the last decades caused a significant increase in congestion of transportation networks across the world. Increasing congestion of transportation networks and limitations of the traditional methods in analyzing and evaluating the congestion mitigation strategies led many transportation professionals to the use of traffic simulation techniques. Nowadays, traffic simulation is heavily used in a variety of applications, including the design of transportation facilities, traffic flow management, and intelligent transportation systems. The literature review, conducted as a part of this study, shows that many different traffic simulation packages with various features have been developed to date. The present study specifically focuses on a comprehensive comparative analysis of the advanced interactive microscopic simulator for urban and non-urban networks (AIMSUN) and SimTraffic microsimulation models, which have been widely used in the literature and practice. The evaluation of microsimulation models is performed for the four roadway sections with different functional classifications, which are located in the northern part of Iran. The SimTraffic and AIMSUN microsimulation models are compared in terms of the major transportation network performance indicators. The results from the conducted analysis indicate that AIMSUN returned smaller errors for the vehicle flow, travel speed, and total travel distance. On the other hand, SimTraffic provided more accurate values of the travel time. Both microsimulation models were able to effectively identify traffic bottlenecks. Findings from this study will be useful for the researchers and practitioners, who heavily rely on microsimulation models in transportation planning.

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