Measuring Transgender Individuals’ Comfort With Gender Identity and Appearance

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly B. Kozee ◽  
Tracy L. Tylka ◽  
L. Andrew Bauerband
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Life Meaning ◽  
External Appearance ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Transition Study ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Our study used the construct of congruence to conceptualize the degree to which transgender individuals feel genuine, authentic, and comfortable with their gender identity and external appearance. In Study 1, the Transgender Congruence scale (TCS) was developed, and data from 162 transgender individuals were used to estimate the reliability and validity of its scores. Two factors emerged: Appearance Congruence and Gender Identity Acceptance. TCS total and subscale scores were internally consistent. Supporting its construct validity, TCS scores were (a) positively related to life satisfaction and presence of life meaning; (b) negatively related to anxiety, depression, and body dissatisfaction; and (c) unrelated to social desirability and searching for life’s meaning. TCS scores also garnered incremental validity by predicting life satisfaction, presence of meaning in life, anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms above and beyond the number of steps taken to transition. Study 2 confirmed the TCS’s factor structure with a sample of 342 transgender individuals. The final 12-item TCS is a psychometrically sound measure that can facilitate both empirical investigations and clinical applications connected to transgender identity. Additional online materials for this article are available to PWQ subscribers on PWQ’s website at http://pwq.sagepub.com/supplemental .

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF COLLECTIVISM ORIENTATION AND GENDER IDENTITY ON WORK-LIFE BALANCE AND LIFE SATISFACTION RELATIONSHIP: A UK – SPAIN COMPARISON

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Valero Pizarro ◽  
Gamze Arman
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Work Life Balance ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Life Balance ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Satisfaction Relationship

Difficulties in balancing work and non-work roles have a negative impact on an individual’s life satisfaction. This study investigates the relationship between work-life balance and life satisfaction across the United Kingdom and Spain. It also explores the moderating effects of individual orientations of collectivism and gender identity. The used scales measured Work-life Balance (WLB), Life Satisfaction (LS), Collectivism vs. Individualism orientations, and Gender identity. Collectivism/Individualism was measured and analysed at individual-level rather than at cultural-level. Data was collected from 52 British and 69 Spanish full-time employed women through an online survey. Correlational analyses and hierarchical multiple regression were conducted. Findings indicated that work-life balance had positive effects on life satisfaction across two different cultures. Those effects were stronger for British than Spanish women. Moderating effects were not found. Although, work-life balance, collectivism individual-orientation, and feminine identity predicted life satisfaction in the UK and only work-life balance predicted life satisfaction in Spain. This study extends the literature on work-life balance and life satisfaction relationship and the influence of culture, whilst also contributing to the under-researched area of the influence of gender identity on that relationship. The results might contribute to developing better strategies for promoting work-life balance

Two Revised Measures of Coping for Individuals With Late-Deafness

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-76
Author(s):  
Jill M. Meyer ◽  
Susan Kashubeck-West ◽  
Lindsay Portela
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Communication Style ◽  
Ways Of Coping Questionnaire ◽  
Brief Cope ◽  
Demographic Questionnaire ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
And Gender

Two of the more commonly known measures of coping in rehabilitation and counseling are the Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCQ; Folkman & Lazarus, 1988; Lazarus & Folkman, 1984) and the Brief COPE (BC; Carver, 1997).Purpose: The present study had two goals: (a) to examine the revised structures of these measures to determine the reliability and validity when used in a sample of individuals with latedeafness, and (b) to examine differences in coping style in individuals with late-deafness across race, ethnicity, gender, age, socioeconomic status (SES), level of hearing loss, communication style, and employment.Methods: An online, quantitative survey was used to collect data from participants (N = 277) who completed the WCQ, the BC, measures of life satisfaction, and a demographic questionnaire.Results: The two revised factors from the WCQ correlated as expected with life satisfaction, demonstrating convergent validity. However, discriminant validity was not found with this measure. Four of the six revised factors of the BC correlated as expected with life satisfaction, indicating acceptable convergent validity. In addition, discriminant validity was found with this measure. A few differences in coping were found on the basis of age, SES, and gender.Conclusion: The results suggest that the BC, with the revised factors, is a solid measure of coping in individuals with late-deafness.

Satisfaction with Life, Meaning in Life, Sad Childhood Experiences, and Psychological Symptoms among Turkish Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 236-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itır Tarı Cömert ◽  
Zümra Atalay Özyeşil ◽  
S. Burcu Özgülük
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Life Meaning ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Significant Depression

The aim of the current study was to investigate the contributions of sad childhood experiences, depression, anxiety, and stress, existence of a sense of meaning, and pursuit of meaning in explaining life satisfaction of young adults in Turkey. The sample comprised 400 undergraduate students ( M age = 20.2 yr.) selected via random cluster sampling. There were no statistically significant differences between men and women in terms of their scores on depression, existence of meaning, pursuit of meaning, and life satisfaction scores. However, there were statistically significant differences between men and women on the sad childhood experiences, anxiety and stress. In heirarchical regression analysis, the model as a whole was significant. Depression and existence of meaning in life made unique significant contributions to the variance in satisfaction in life. Students with lower depression and with a sense of meaning in life tended to be more satisfied with life.

Life Satisfaction and Self-rated Health in Adolescents: The Relationships between them and the Role of Gender and Age

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco L. Atienza-González ◽  
Natalia Martínez ◽  
Castora Silva
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Canonical Correlation ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Discriminatory Power ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships between self-reported life satisfaction, self-rated health, gender, and age in adolescents. 1,141 secondary school students aged between 12 and 17 participated in our study. The data were analyzed using bivariate and nonlinear canonical correlation analyses. The results of the bivariate correlation analysis support the results of previous studies. Life satisfaction was positively correlated with same-day perceived health (r = .37; p < .01) and negatively correlated with anxiety/depression (r = –.37; p < .01). Same-day perceived health was positively correlated with health in the past 12 months (r = .38; p < .01) and negatively correlated with pain/discomfort (r = –.32; p < .01) and with anxiety/depression (r = –.32; p < .01). The nonlinear canonical correlation analysis provided further evidence of the relationship between the variables, suggesting the complementarity of the indicators of self-rated health analyzed. Multiple fit values showed that demographic variables age (.61) and gender (.56) were the variables with the best discriminatory power. Graphically, two groups of related variables were displayed. A non-linear analysis better explains the relationships between the variables analyzed, showing that age and gender have a high level of discriminatory power for life satisfaction and self-rated health, suggesting a role as a moderator in the relationship between health and well-being variables.

Effects of gender-identity and gender-congruence on levels of politeness among young Japanese and Koreans

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuo Tamaoka ◽  
Hyunjung Lim Yamaguchi ◽  
Yayoi Miyaoka ◽  
Sachiko Kiyama
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Decision Tree ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Social Status ◽  
University Student ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
And Gender

The two factors of ‘gender-identity’ (whether the speaker is male or female) and ‘gender-congruence’ (whether or not the gender of speaker and listener is the same) can be assumed to act differently in determining levels of politeness. To investigate this assumption, the present study was designed to analyze university student politeness levels in Japan and South Korea when they (i.e., speakers) asked various people (i.e., listeners) to purchase a concert ticket. A decision tree analysis revealed hierarchies of factors predictive of politeness levels specific to young Japanese and Koreans. Among Japanese, distance (i.e., extent to which speaker and listener are acquainted) was the strongest followed by power (i.e., extent of disparity in social status) and gender-identity/gender-congruence. Among Koreans, however, power appeared to override distance, resulting in the descending order of power and gender-identity/gender-congruence. Regarding gender-related factors, the results of these parallel studies in Japan and South Korea generally suggested a distinctive influence of gender-identity on politeness levels when listeners held equal or lesser power than speakers, while gender-congruence was implicated when listeners held greater power.

Effects of Gender, Parental Role, and Time on Infant- and Adult-Directed Read and Spontaneous Speech

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 4001-4014
Author(s):  
Melanie Weirich ◽  
Adrian Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Parental Involvement ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
First Year ◽  
Space Size ◽  
Vowel Space ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Phonetic Features ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Description Task

Purpose The study sets out to investigate inter- and intraspeaker variation in German infant-directed speech (IDS) and considers the potential impact that the factors gender, parental involvement, and speech material (read vs. spontaneous speech) may have. In addition, we analyze data from 3 time points prior to and after the birth of the child to examine potential changes in the features of IDS and, particularly also, of adult-directed speech (ADS). Here, the gender identity of a speaker is considered as an additional factor. Method IDS and ADS data from 34 participants (15 mothers, 19 fathers) is gathered by means of a reading and a picture description task. For IDS, 2 recordings were made when the baby was approximately 6 and 9 months old, respectively. For ADS, an additional recording was made before the baby was born. Phonetic analyses comprise mean fundamental frequency (f0), variation in f0, the 1st 2 formants measured in /i: ɛ a u:/, and the vowel space size. Moreover, social and behavioral data were gathered regarding parental involvement and gender identity. Results German IDS is characterized by an increase in mean f0, a larger variation in f0, vowel- and formant-specific differences, and a larger acoustic vowel space. No effect of gender or parental involvement was found. Also, the phonetic features of IDS were found in both spontaneous and read speech. Regarding ADS, changes in vowel space size in some of the fathers and in mean f0 in mothers were found. Conclusion Phonetic features of German IDS are robust with respect to the factors gender, parental involvement, speech material (read vs. spontaneous speech), and time. Some phonetic features of ADS changed within the child's first year depending on gender and parental involvement/gender identity. Thus, further research on IDS needs to address also potential changes in ADS.

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