scholarly journals Folate Deficiency and Anemia Among Women of Reproductive Age (15-49 Years) in Senegal: Results of a National Cross-Sectional Survey

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ndèye Fatou Ndiaye ◽  
Nicole Idohou-Dossou ◽  
Adama Diouf ◽  
Amadou Tidiane Guiro ◽  
Salimata Wade
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Folate Deficiency ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Protein Markers ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Folate Concentration ◽  
Plasma Folate

Background: Widely spread throughout the world, folate and iron deficiencies are risk factors for many diseases. However, contrary to iron deficiency and anemia, which have been documented in depth, the prevalence of folate deficiency among women has not been well-studied. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of folate deficiency and anemia and their association among Senegalese women of reproductive age. Methods: A national cross-sectional survey using a stratified 2-stage cluster sampling was conducted. Data were collected from 1012 women (aged 15-49 years). Plasma folate and hemoglobin (Hb), as well as protein markers of subclinical infections, were equally measured. Results: The mean folate concentration was 8.50 nmol/L (8.16-8.85 nmol/L), and 54.8% of the women were folate deficient (<10 nmol/L). Plasma folate concentration of rural women (7.27 nmol/L [6.89-7.68 nmol/L]) and urban women (10.45 nmol/L [9.88-11.05 nmol/L]) was significantly different ( P < .0001), the highest concentration being observed in women living in Dakar, the capital of Senegal. The breastfeeding women showed lower plasma folate concentration compared to nonbreastfeeding ones: 6.97 nmol/L (6.37-7.63 nmol/L) versus 9.03 nmol/L (8.61-9.46 nmol/L). Overall, 27% of the women were suffering from inflammation/infections. Mean Hb concentration was 116.86 (1.18) g/L, and 47.63% of the women involved in the study were anemic (pregnant women Hb <110 g/L; nonpregnant Hb <120 g/L). Also, a positive and significant correlation was found between plasma folate and Hb concentrations ( r = .07; P = .0167). Conclusions: This study showed a high prevalence of folate deficiency and anemia among Senegalese women (15-49 years), particularly those living in rural settings and breastfeeding women.

scholarly journals Contraceptive prevalence rate in women of reproductive age in a semi urban community of Islamabad

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Umme Kulsoom Khattak ◽  
Saima Perwaiz Iqbal ◽  
Ahmed Abdullah ◽  
Ayesha Chowhan
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Urban Community ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
Family Planning Methods

Objective: To determine the prevalence of utilization of family planning methods among married women of reproductive age in a semi urban community of Islamabad. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was done using two stage sampling, including cluster and consecutive sampling techniques. A proportionate sample from each mohallas of Nurpur Shahan was taken to achieve our sample size. All married women of the reproductive age group (15-45 years) living with their husbands, not diagnosed as a case of infertility and permanent residents of Nurpur Shahan were included. Results: Total of 550 women were included in the study with mean age of 31.64 years. Majority of women 497 (94.7%) were currently married while 322 (59.9 %) were literate. Of all the women, 72 (13.2%) women were currently pregnant and only 62 (11.3%) had a planned pregnancy. Induced abortion was practiced once by 9 (1.8%) women and 21 (4.1%) had done it twice. 394 (72.8%) had knowledge of family planning methods and only 102 (19.5%) women were using family Planning methods currently. Conclusion: Miscellaneous challenges are involved to increase involvement of the women and their families in the use of family planning services. Health education campaigns at community level to increase awareness regarding different family planning methods are highly needed. Government needs to improve the LHWs services to increase the use of family planning methods and combat induced abortions as a method of contraception. Controlling population through sterilization after attaining a large family size should not be the preferred method of family Planning.

scholarly journals Association between food insecurity and anemia among women of reproductive age

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishwajit Ghose ◽  
Shangfeng Tang ◽  
Sanni Yaya ◽  
Zhanchun Feng
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Food

Background:Food insecurity and hidden hunger (micronutrient deficiency) affect about two billion people globally. Household food insecurity (HFI) has been shown to be associated with one or multiple micronutrient (MMN) deficiencies among women and children. Chronic food insecurity leads to various deficiency disorders, among which anemia stands out as the most prevalent one. As a high malnutrition prevalent country, Bangladesh has one of the highest rates of anemia among all Asian countries. In this study, we wanted to investigate for any association exists between HFI and anemia among women of reproductive age in Bangladesh.Methodology:Information about demographics, socioeconomic and anemia status on 5,666 married women ageing between 13 and 40 years were collected from a nationally representative cross-sectional survey Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS 2011). Food security was measured by the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS). Capillary hemoglobin concentration (Hb) measured by HemoCue® was used as the biomarker of anemia. Data were analysed using cross-tabulation, chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression methods.Results:Anemia prevalence was 41.7%. Logistic regression showed statistically significant association with anemia and type of residency (p = 0.459; OR = 0.953, 95%CI = 0.840–1.082), wealth status (Poorest: p < 0.001; OR = 1.369, 95%CI = 1.176–1.594; and average: p = 0.030; 95%CI = 1.017–1.398), educational attainment (p < 0.001; OR = 1.276, 95%CI = 1.132–1.439) and household food insecurity (p < 0.001; 95%CI = 1.348–1.830). Women who reported food insecurity were about 1.6 times more likely to suffer from anemia compared to their food secure counterparts.Conclusion:HFI is a significant predictor of anemia among women of reproductive age in Bangladesh. Programs targeting HFI could prove beneficial for anemia reduction strategies. Gender aspects of food and nutrition insecurity should be taken into consideration in designing national anemia prevention frameworks.

scholarly journals Frequency of television viewing and association with overweight and obesity among women of the reproductive age group in Myanmar: results from a nationwide cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e024680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajat Das Gupta ◽  
Ibrahim Hossain Sajal ◽  
Mehedi Hasan ◽  
Ipsita Sutradhar ◽  
Mohammad Rifat Haider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Television Viewing ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectivesThis study aimed to discern the association between the frequency of television viewing and overweight and obesity among reproductive age women of Myanmar.DesignThis was a cross-sectional study.SettingThis study used Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey (2015–2016) data.ParticipantsTotal of 12 021 women both aged 15–49 years and also not pregnant or did not deliver a child within the 2 months prior to the survey were included.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was overweight (23.0 kg/m2to <27.5 kg/m2) and obesity (≥27.5 kg/m2), which was measured using the Asian body mass index cut-off. Ordered logistic regression analysis was conducted to find the association between the explanatory and outcome variables. The potential confounders controlled in the multivariable analyses were age, place of residence, region of residence, highest educational status, current employment status, wealth index, parity and number of household members.ResultsThe prevalence of overweight was 26.5% and obesity was 12.2% among the study participants. The odds of being overweight and obese were 20% higher (adjusted OR (AOR) 1.16, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.32; p=0.023) among those who watched television at least once a week compared with those who did not watch television at all. Rural women who watched television at least once a week were 1.2 times more likely to be obese (AOR 1.16, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.34; p=0.040) compared with those who did not watch television at all.ConclusionsFrequent television watching was associated with obesity among rural women of reproductive age in Myanmar.

DETERMINANTS OF INDUCED ABORTION: AN ANALYSIS OF INDIVIDUAL, HOUSEHOLD AND CONTEXTUAL FACTORS IN RAJASTHAN, INDIA

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
BATYA ELUL
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Induced Abortion ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Individual Household ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

SummaryIn the developing world, little is known about the risk and precipitating factors for abortion, due to a dearth of community-based surveys. Most analyses of determinants of induced abortion consider only a small set of household and individual socio-demographic factors and treat abortion as an isolated outcome, which ignores its relationship with prior reproductive health behaviours and experiences. In this paper, data from a cross-sectional survey of abortion knowledge, attitudes and practices among 2571 currently married women of reproductive age in Rajasthan, India, were used to examine contextual-, household- and individual-level determinants of abortion. Bivariate probit models, which jointly determine the probability of pregnancy and the conditional probability of abortion, were used to reflect the probability of abortion as a result of interrelated and sequential events. Increased socioeconomic status and life-cycle factors were associated with both the probability of pregnancy and with the conditional likelihood of abortion. Women who reported personal networks were also more likely to terminate pregnancies, particularly if their network members purportedly had abortion experience. Community knowledge of sex-selective abortion also exerted a significant positive effect on the propensity to terminate a pregnancy. For rural women only, community beliefs regarding spousal consent requirements pre-abortion were also significantly associated with abortion.

scholarly journals Anemia prevalence and etiology among women, men, and children in Ethiopia: a study protocol for a national population-based survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amare Worku Tadesse ◽  
Elena C. Hemler ◽  
Christopher Andersen ◽  
Simone Passarelli ◽  
Alemayehu Worku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Detailed Assessment

Abstract Background Anemia remains a public health challenge in Ethiopia, affecting an estimated 56% of children under age 5 years, 23% of women of reproductive age and 18% of adult men. However, anemia etiology and the relative contribution of underlying risk factors for anemia remains unclear and has hindered implementation of anemia control programs. Methods/design Anemia Etiology in Ethiopia (AnemEE) is a population-based cross-sectional survey of six regions of Ethiopia that includes children, women of reproductive age, and men from regionally representative households. The survey will include detailed assessment of anemia, iron, inflammatory and nutritional biomarkers, diet, comorbidities, and other factors. The objectives of AnemEE are 1) to generate evidence for decision-making on the etiology of anemia in Ethiopia among men, women and children and 2) to simulate the potential effect of iron fortification and other interventions on the prevalence of anemia and risk of iron overload. Discussion AnemEE will provide the most comprehensive evaluation of anemia etiology in Ethiopia to date due to its detailed assessment of diet, biomarkers, infections and other risk factors in a population-based sample. By generating evidence and simulating potential interventions, AnemEE will inform the development of high-impact anemia control programs and policies. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04002466. Registered on 28 June 2019. Retrospectively registered.

scholarly journals Household Food Insecurity, Underweight Status, and Associated Characteristics among Women of Reproductive Age Group in Assayita District, Afar Regional State, Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jemal Abdu ◽  
Molla Kahssay ◽  
Merhawi Gebremedhin
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Afar Region ◽  
Very High

Background. Poor nutritional status of women has been a serious problem in Ethiopia. Rural women are more likely to be undernourished than urban women. Afar region is the most likely to be undernourished (43.5%). Despite the humanitarian and food aid, food insecurity and maternal underweight are very high in the region. Household food insecurity is not adequately studied in Afar region. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of household food insecurity and underweight status and its association among reproductive age women. Method. The study was conducted in Assayita district in June 2015. Community-based cross-sectional study design was used among nonpregnant women. Household data was collected using structured questionnaire. Multistage cluster sampling procedure was applied. Two pastoral and two agropastoral Kebeles have been selected by simple random sampling. Systematic random sampling was used to select respondents. The total sample size was 549 households. Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) and anthropometric data were used to determine food insecurity and underweight, respectively. Multivariate regression models were used to measure associations. Results. Prevalence of HFIAS was 70.4 with a mean of 7.0 (3.6 ± SD); 26.1%, 30.20%, and 14.1% were mild, moderate, and severe food insecurity, respectively. Underweight prevalence (BMI < 18.5) was 41.1% with prevalence of mild, moderate, and severe underweight being 34.5%, 3.9%, and 2.7%, respectively. Age, parity, and having >2 children below five years of age were statistically associated with household food insecurity and maternal underweight. Conclusion. Household food insecurity and maternal underweight were very high. Age, parity, and having ≥2 children below five years of age were associated with household food insecurity. Maternal underweight was associated with maternal age, marital status, parity, number of children below 5 years, household food insecurity, and vocation of the respondents.

scholarly journals Effect of settlement on nutrition and health status of pastoral Gabra women of reproductive age in Kalacha Location, Marsabit County, Kenya

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1622-1630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amos Otieno Adongo ◽  
Bettina Shell-Duncan ◽  
J Prisca Tuitoek
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Fe Deficiency ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Nutrition And Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Deficiency Anaemia

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of settlement on the nutrition and health status of pastoral women of reproductive age.DesignA cross-sectional survey that included a 24 h dietary recall was administered to 224 randomly selected Gabra women. Height and weight were used to compute BMI. Whole capillary blood was used to measure Hb. Additional capillary blood was collected on filter paper and dried blood spots were analysed for transferritin receptor, C-reactive protein and α1-acid glycoprotein. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse population characteristics. The t test and the χ2 test were used to determine population differences. Multiple criteria models were used to determine the prevalence of Fe deficiency, anaemia and inflammation.SettingSettled and semi-settled women in Kalacha Location in Marsabit County, Kenya.SubjectNon-pregnant women aged 15–49 years.ResultsFe repletion was observed in 43 % of settled and 40 % of semi-settled women. Fe-deficiency erythropoiesis in was found in 18 % of settled and 20 % of semi-settled women, whereas 15 % of settled compared with 25 % of semi-settled women were suffering from Fe-deficiency anaemia. Anaemia due to chronic diseases was more prevalent in semi-settled women than in settled women, and more common than Fe-deficiency anaemia.ConclusionsSettled women were significantly less anaemic than semi-settled women, but had similarly high levels of chronic energy deficiency. While anaemia and Fe deficiency were more pronounced in semi-settled than settled women, anaemia of chronic disease and chronic infection were highly prevalent in both communities. Policies should be put in place to improve overall nutrition among pastoral women.

scholarly journals Tetanus Toxoid Vaccination Coverage Among Women of Reproductive Age: Experience From a Rural Community

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
MZ Islam ◽  
MS Ahmed ◽  
N Ahmed ◽  
S Farjana ◽  
SK Mazumder
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Tetanus Toxoid ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Dropout Rate ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional

Tetanus Toxoid (TT) is a routine vaccination activity under Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in Bangladesh. The women of reproductive age (15-49 years) are the target population for five doses of TT vaccine to protect them from tetanus. The study was a cross-sectional study in context of a rural community. The study was conducted to assess TT vaccination coverage among the women of reproductive age in a rural community of Bangladesh. A total of 224 women of reproductive age were randomly included in the study following selection criteria. Data was collected by recall history and reviewing immunization card by using a semi-structured questionnaire and checklist respectively. Data was processed and analyzed considering both descriptive and inferential statistics. Mean age of the women was 27.22 ± 6.87 years and major part (30.4%) was illiterate. Most of the women were married (87.6%) and housewives (81.3%). Mean age at marriage was 17+2.37 years and mean age at first child birth was 18+2.24 years. On the basis of recall history and vaccination card, 83.5% women received first dose of TT (TT1), while 16.5% didn't receive any TT vaccine. Among the women received all five doses of TT, 'Crude Vaccination Rate" was 37.0% and ''Valid Vaccination Rate' was 33.0%. By card, these rates were 18.5% and 14.2% respectively. The invalid doses found 6.2% for TT2, 7.3% for TT3, 12.5% for TT4 and the lowest 10.8% for TT5 dose. The dropout rate was 5.3% for TT1-TT2, 14.7% for TT2-TT3, the highest 31.1% for TT3-TT4 and 20.2% for TT4-TT5 while 55.6% was for TT1-TT5. Vaccination coverage was significantly higher among the women aged 25-29 years (91.0%) and having HSC level education (92.3%) (x2 test, p<0.05). An incredible segment of rural women didn't receive any dose of TT5 vaccine and dropout rate was significantly higher among poor and illiterate women. Painstaking interventions and strategies should be taken to increase TT5 vaccination coverage among the rural women to protect them from tetanus. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v41i1.18780 Bangladesh Medical Journal 2012 Vol. 41 No. 1; 37-41

scholarly journals Dietary diversity among women of reproductive age (15-49 years): implication for folate deficiency in Mbarara district, Uganda

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 2745
Author(s):  
Denison Tamale ◽  
Grace Kagoro-Rugunda
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Folate Deficiency ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables

Background: Understanding dietary diversity of women of reproductive age (WRA) is vital for better nutritional interventions of their health and that of unborn. Most diets consumed are macronutrient dense which leads to micronutrient deficiencies like neural tube defects (NTDs).Thirty three babies were born with NTDs at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital during 2016 and 2017 for reasons among which is folate deficiency. Folate can be derived cheaply from green vegetable consumption before antenatal visits. The study’s objective was to assess dietary diversity of WRA (15-49 years) living within Mbarara district.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted for three months using a translated dietary diversity questionnaire from Food and Agricultural Organisation. Applying a 24 h recall method at various intervals of feeding, 402 WRA living within three constituencies of Mbarara district were randomly selected to participate.Results: 70.1% of WRA attained high Individual dietary diversity score (IDDS) of (≥6). 45.1% consumed folate rich plant and animal sources. 4.8%, 8.4%, and 17.6% consumed dark green leafy vegetables, vitamin rich fruits and animal sources respectively. Education, constituency of residence and occupation had a significant association with IDDS of P≤0.05 (0.000, 0.004, 0.030) respectively. WRA who scored IDDS≥6, 58.2% attained at least secondary education, 51.1% lived in urban constituency and 47.5% were working. 30% consumed starchy staple groups, though at 15.8% legumes, nuts and seeds group was most consumed.Conclusions: Low intake of folate rich sources was noted, though many WRA consumed diverse diets therefore, education and employment are suitable interventions.

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