Sodium Pump Activity in Uremic Erythrocytes: A Microcalorimetric Study

Erythrocyte thermogenesis was studied by flow microcalorimetry in 25 healthy subjects and 27 uremic patients. The heat production (HP) from cells in plasma, decrease in HP induced by ouabain (a specific sodium pump inhibitor) and index of rate response to ouabain action were measured. HP was higher in uremic patients than controls. Sodium pump inhibition with ouabain induced the same decrease in HP in the two groups. The index of rate response to ouabain action was lower in uremic patients than in controls. The difference in total HP may be due to a different age distribution of erythrocytes. Mean sodium pump activity was identical in the two groups, but some patients had lower activity than controls. Ouabain seems to act more slowly in many patients than in controls, perhaps because of hindered binding of the inhibitor.

Download Full-text

Characterization of contractions in enzymatically isolated rat ventricular myocytes: effects of ouabain and rubidium

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y84-039 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 253-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Matti Vornanen

Keyword(s):

Sodium Pump ◽

Ventricular Myocytes ◽

Contractile Activity ◽

Full Effect ◽

Pump Activity ◽

Sodium Pump Inhibition ◽

Beating Frequency ◽

Stimulation Of

The role of sarcolemma and especially sodium pump activity in the control of phasic contractile activity of Ca2+ tolerant myocytes was studied using ouabain and rubidium as sodium pump inhibitors. Initially, ouabain increased both the amplitude of shortening and the frequency of phasic contractions. Later, the amplitude began to decline whereas the frequency of beating continued to rise, often terminating in a steady contracture of the myocyte. Rubidium caused a rapid rise of beating frequency, which reached its full effect within 1–5 min and remained steady after that. The stimulation of contraction frequency and the inhibition of Na+–K+ ATPase were correlated in the case of ouabain but not in the case of rubidium. The results suggest that the stimulation of phasic contractions may be caused by increased uptake of cellular calcium through Na+–Ca+ exchange as a consequence of sodium pump inhibition and (or) depolarization of the sarcolemma by ouabain and rubidium.

Download Full-text

Intravenous Immunoglobulin Treatment in Kawasaki Disease Decreases the Incidence of Myopia

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10071381 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1381

Author(s):

Hun-Ju Yu ◽

Meng-Ni Chuang ◽

Chiao-Lun Chu ◽

Pei-Lin Wu ◽

Shu-Chen Ho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Kawasaki Disease ◽

Intravenous Immunoglobulin ◽

Systemic Vasculitis ◽

Age Distribution ◽

Population Based ◽

Research Database ◽

Ocular Manifestations ◽

Missing Data Treatment ◽

The Difference ◽

Age Range

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis that primarily affects children under the age of 5 years old. The most significant complication is coronary artery lesions, but several ocular manifestations have also been reported. Recently, one study revealed an increasing incidence of myopia among KD patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the difference in myopic incidence between Kawasaki disease (KD) patients treated with aspirin and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). Materials and methods: We carried out a nationwide retrospective cohort study by analyzing the data of KD patients (ICD-9-CM code 4461) from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) during the period of 1996–2013. Results: A total of 14,102 diagnosed KD were found in Taiwan during the study period. After excluded missing data, treatment strategy and age distribution, a total of 1446 KD patients were enrolled for analysis including 53 of which received aspirin (without IVIG) and 1393 of which were treated with IVIG. Patients who had myopia, astigmatism, glaucoma, cataract, etc. prior to their KD diagnosis were excluded. The age range was 0 to 6 years old. According to the cumulative curves, our results demonstrated that the myopic incidence in the IVIG group was significantly lower than the aspirin group (hazard ratio: 0.59, 95% confidence intervals: 0.36~0.96, p = 0.02). Treatment with IVIG for KD patients may have benefit for myopia control. Conclusion: Compared to aspirin, IVIG may decrease the myopic risk in KD patients. However, it needs further investigation including clinical vision survey of myopia due to the limitations of this population-based study.

Download Full-text

Metabolic heat production and cardiovascular responses to an incremental intravenous infusion of adrenaline in healthy subjects

Clinical Autonomic Research ◽

10.1007/bf01845777 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 131-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D. G. Maggs ◽

I. W. Gallen ◽

K. Fone ◽

I. A. Macdonald

Keyword(s):

Heat Production ◽

Intravenous Infusion ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Cardiovascular Responses ◽

Metabolic Heat Production ◽

Metabolic Heat

Download Full-text

Involvement of the Inconstant Bursa of the Fifth Metatarsophalangeal Joint in Psoriatic Arthritis: A Clinical and Ultrasonographic Study

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/174841 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Giovanni Ciancio ◽

Stefania Volpinari ◽

Maria Fotinidi ◽

Federica Furini ◽

Ilaria Farina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Psoriatic Arthritis ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽

Metatarsal Bone ◽

The Other ◽

Control Group ◽

Asymptomatic Patients ◽

Seronegative Spondyloarthritis ◽

The Difference

Objective. To evaluate the involvement of the bursa located next to the head of the 5th metatarsal bone in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in comparison with the other seronegative spondyloarthritis (SpA).Methods. All patients with PsA seen during a period of 24 months were enrolled. The control group included healthy subjects and patients with the other SpA. All subjects underwent clinical and ultrasound (US) examination of the lateral surface of the 5th metatarsal.Results. 150 PsA patients (88 M; 62 F), 172 SpA (107 M; 65 F), and 95 healthy controls (58 M; 37 F) were evaluated. Based on clinical and US evaluation, bursitis was diagnosed in 17/150 (11.3%) PsA patients but in none of the SpA (P<0.0001) and healthy (P=0.0002) controls. In detecting bursitis, US was more sensitive than clinical examination, although the difference did not reach statistical significance (P=0.09).Conclusion. The bursa of the 5th metatarsophalangeal joint appears to be involved in PsA more frequently than by chance. If confirmed by other studies, this finding could be considered as a distinctive clinical sign of PsA, useful for differential diagnosis with the other SpA. In asymptomatic patients, US proved to be more sensitive in the detection of bursitis.

Download Full-text

Limits to the Control of the Human Thumb and Fingers in Flexion and Extension

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.00797.2009 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 103 (1) ◽

pp. 278-289 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

W. S. Yu ◽

H. van Duinen ◽

S. C. Gandevia

Keyword(s):

Control System ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Neural Control ◽

Force Production ◽

Total Force ◽

Neural Drive ◽

Antagonist Muscles ◽

Hand Performance ◽

The Difference ◽

Flexion And Extension

In humans, hand performance has evolved from a crude multidigit grasp to skilled individuated finger movements. However, control of the fingers is not completely independent. Although musculotendinous factors can limit independent movements, constraints in supraspinal control are more important. Most previous studies examined either flexion or extension of the digits. We studied differences in voluntary force production by the five digits, in both flexion and extension tasks. Eleven healthy subjects were instructed either to maximally flex or extend their digits, in all single- and multidigit combinations. They received visual feedback of total force produced by “instructed” digits and had to ignore “noninstructed” digits. Despite attempts to maximally flex or extend instructed digits, subjects rarely generated their “maximal” force, resulting in a “force deficit,” and produced forces with noninstructed digits (“enslavement”). Subjects performed differently in flexion and extension tasks. Enslavement was greater in extension than in flexion tasks ( P = 0.019), whereas the force deficit in multidigit tasks was smaller in extension ( P = 0.035). The difference between flexion and extension in the relationships between the enslavement and force deficit suggests a difference in balance of spillover of neural drive to agonists acting on neighboring digits and focal neural drive to antagonist muscles. An increase in drive to antagonists would lead to more individualized movements. The pattern of force production matches the daily use of the digits. These results reveal a neural control system that preferentially lifts fingers together by extension but allows an individual digit to flex so that the finger pads can explore and grasp.

Download Full-text

Effects of expiratory loading on respiration in humans

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1980.49.4.601 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 601-608 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

B. Gothe ◽

N. S. Cherniack

Keyword(s):

Muscle Activity ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Respiratory Muscle ◽

Resistive Load ◽

Similar Magnitude ◽

Occlusion Pressure ◽

Ventilatory Responses ◽

Residual Capacity ◽

Resistive Loads ◽

The Difference

We examined the effects of expiratory resistive loads of 10 and 18 cmH2O.l-1.s in healthy subjects on ventilation and occlusion pressure responses to CO2, respiratory muscle electromyogram, pattern of breathing, and thoracoabdominal movements. In addition, we compared ventilation and occlusion pressure responses to CO2 breathing elicited by breathing through an inspiratory resistive load of 10 cmH2O.l-1.s to those produced by an expiratory load of similar magnitude. Both inspiratory and expiratory loads decreased ventilatory responses to CO2 and increased the tidal volume achieved at any given level of ventilation. Depression of ventilatory responses to Co2 was greater with the larger than with the smaller expiratory load, but the decrease was in proportion to the difference in the severity of the loads. Occlusion pressure responses were increased significantly by the inspiratory resistive load but not by the smaller expiratory load. However, occlusion pressure responses to CO2 were significantly larger with the greater expiratory load than control. Increase in occlusion pressure observed could not be explained by changes in functional residual capacity or chemical drive. The larger expiratory load also produced significant increases in electrical activity measured during both inspiration and expiration. These results suggest that sufficiently severe impediments to breathing, even when they are exclusively expiratory, can enhance inspiratory muscle activity in conscious humans.

Download Full-text

AB1232 ORAL DYSBIOSIS REFLECTS THE IMMUNOLOGICAL ALTERATION OF RA REGARDING TO ACPA AND HLA DRB1*SE: NAGASAKI ISLAND STUDY

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.5147 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 1907.2-1907

Author(s):

Y. Tsuji ◽

M. Tamai ◽

S. Morimoto ◽

D. Sasaki ◽

M. Nagayoshi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Beta Diversity ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Microbial Community Composition ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Oral Microbiota ◽

Unifrac Distance ◽

Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽

The Difference

Background:Anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) production is observed in several organs even prior to the onset of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and oral mucosa is considered to be one of the important tissues. The presence of HLA-DRB1*SE closely associates with ACPA production. Saliva is considered to reflect the oral microbiota including periodontal disease. Alteration of oral microbiota of RA becomes to be normalized by DMARDs treatment, however, the interaction of HLA-DRB1*SE, ACPA and oral microbiota of RA patients remains to be elucidated.Objectives:The Nagasaki Island Study, which had started in 2014 collaborating with Goto City, is intended for research of the preclinical stage of RA, including ACPA/HLA genotype screening and ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging examinations in high-risk subjects. Using the samples accumulated in this cohort, we have tried to investigate the difference of oral microbiota among RA patients and healthy subjects regarding to ACPA and HLA-DRB1*SE.Methods:Blood and salivary samples were obtained from 1422 subjects out of 4276 who have participated in the Nagasaki Island Study from 2016 to 2018. ACPA positivity was 1.7 % in total. Some of RA patients resided in Goto City participated in the Nagasaki Island Study. At this point, we selected 291 subjects, who were ACPA positive non-RA healthy subjects (n=22) and patients with RA (n=33, 11 subjects were ACPA positive and 22 ACPA negative respectively) as the case, age and gender matched ACPA negative non-RA healthy subjects (n=236) as the control. ACPA was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and HLA genotyping was quantified by next-generation sequencing (Ref.1). The operational taxonomic unit (OUT) analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing were performed. The richness of microbial diversity within-subject (alpha diversity) was scaled via Shannon entropy. The dissimilarity between microbial community composition was calculated using Bray-Curtis distance as a scale, and differences between groups (beta diversity) were tested by permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA). In addition, UniFrac distance calculated in consideration of the distance on the phylogenetic tree were performed.Results:Median age 70 y.o., % Female 58.8 %. Among RA and non-RA subjects, not alpha diversity but beta diversity was statistically significance (p=0.022, small in RA). In RA subjects, both alpha and beta diversity is small (p<0.0001), especially significant in ACPA positive RA (Figure 1). Amongt RA subjects, presence of HLA-DRB1*SE did not show the difference but the tendency of being small of alpha diversity (p=0.29).Conclusion:Our study has suggested for the first time the association of oral microbiota alteration with the presence of ACPA and HLA-DRB1*SE. Oral dysbiosis may reflect the immunological status of patients with RA.References:[1]Kawaguchi S, et al. Methods Mol Biol 2018;1802: 22Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Download Full-text

CDH1 germline mutations in healthy individuals from families with the hereditary diffuse gastric cancer syndrome

Journal of Medical Genetics ◽

10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-108226 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. jmedgenet-2021-108226

Author(s):

Giovanni Corso ◽

Francesca Magnoni ◽

Giulia Massari ◽

Cristina Maria Trovato ◽

Alessandra Margherita De Scalzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Relevant Literature ◽

Germline Mutations ◽

Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer ◽

Diffuse Gastric Cancer ◽

Missense Mutations ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Cancer Syndrome ◽

The Difference

The objective of this study was to determining the frequency of different sub-types of pathogenic CDH1 germline mutations in healthy and asymptomatic individuals from families with the hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) syndrome. Relevant literature dating from 1998 to 2019 was systematically searched for data on CDH1 germline mutations. The collected variants were classified according to their subtype into the following classes: missense, non-sense, splicing, insertions and deletions. The χ2 test was used to estimate if the difference observed between patients with gastric cancer (GC) and unaffected individuals was statistically significant. CDH1 genetic screening data were retrieved for 224 patients with GC and 289 healthy individuals. Among the subjects that had tested CDH1 positive, splicing mutations were found in 30.4% of the healthy individuals and in 15.2% of the patients with GC (p=0.0076). Missense mutations were also found to occur in healthy subjects with higher frequency (22.2%) than in GC-affected individuals (18.3%), but the difference was not significant in this case. In families meeting the clinical criteria for the HDGC syndrome, CDH1 splicing and missense germline mutations have been reported to occur with higher frequency in healthy subjects than in patients with cancer. This preliminary observation suggests that not all pathogenic CDH1 germline mutations confer the same risk of developing GC.

Download Full-text