Anatomo-Pathological Problems in Radical Surgery of Prostatic Carcinoma: Lymph Nodes

1996 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-191
Author(s):  
G. Severini ◽  
C. Morisi ◽  
M. Frigola ◽  
S. Arnone ◽  
S. Voce
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Prostatic Cancer ◽  
Prostatic Carcinoma ◽  
Advanced Disease ◽  
Radical Surgery ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Lymph Node Involvement ◽  
Retroperitoneal Lymphadenectomy ◽  
Node Involvement

One of biggest problems when assessing radical surgery of prostatic cancer is progression of the locally advanced disease when lymph nodes are positive. The following questions should be asked: 1) if there are patterns of lymph node involvement 2) if retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy is indispensable in pre-operative clinical removal 3) if the prognosis, in relation to lymph node invasion, worsens with the increase in number of positive lymph nodes or if the lesion becomes bilateral. The authors’ experience is reported.

Histological Assessment of Lymph Node Metastases in Staging Lymphadenectomy for Prostate Cancer

1993 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-256
Author(s):  
O. Campobasso
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Prostatic Carcinoma ◽  
Radical Surgery ◽  
Frozen Section ◽  
Lymph Node Involvement ◽  
Histological Assessment ◽  
Node Involvement ◽  
Node Metastases ◽  
Pelvic Lymph Node Involvement ◽  
Gross Examination

Pelvic lymph node involvement in 44 patients with histologically confirmed prostatic carcinoma was assessed by open lymphadenectomy (24 patients) or laparoscopic lymph node dissection (20 patients). With open lymphadenectomy, node metastases were diagnosed on frozen section prior to radical surgery, in only 2 out of 7 patients. With laparoscopic dissection, metastases were correctly diagnosed in 6 out of 7 patients; one, however, was missed. Reasons for missing node metastases lie in the difficulty of recognizing nodes harboring carcinoma on gross examination. Indeed, metastases are often small and do not significantly alter the macroscopic appearence of the involved lymph node.

scholarly journals Influence of Covariates on Involved Lymph Nodes in Primary Breast Cancer Patients: Mixture Distribution Zero-Inflated Modeling Methodological Framework

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madiha Liaqat ◽  
Shahid Kamal ◽  
Florian Fischer ◽  
Nadeem Zia
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Primary Breast Cancer ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Lymph Node Involvement ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Node Involvement ◽  
Study Population

Abstract Background: Involvement of lymph nodes has been an integral part of breast cancer prognosis and survival. This study aimed to explore factors influencing on the number of auxiliary lymph nodes in women diagnosed with primary breast cancer by choosing an efficient model to assess excess of zeros and over-dispersion presented in the study population. Methods: The study is based on a retrospective analysis of hospital records among 5,196 female breast cancer patients in Pakistan. Zero-inflated Poisson and zero-inflated negative binomial modeling techniques are used to assess the association between under-study factors and the number of involved lymph nodes in breast cancer patients. Results: The most common breast cancer was invasive ductal carcinoma (54.5%). Patients median age was 48 years, from which women aged 46 years and above are the majority of the study population (64.8%). Examination of tumors revealed that over 2,662 (51.2%) women were ER-positive, 2,652 (51.0%) PR-positive, and 2,754 (53.0%) were Her2.neu-positive. The mean tumor size was 3.06 cm and histological grade 1 (n=2021, 38.9%) was most common in this sample. The model performance was best in the zero-inflated negative binomial model. Findings indicate that most factors related to breast cancer have a significant impact on the number of involved lymph nodes. Age is not contributed to lymph node status. Women having a larger tumor size suffered from greater number of involved lymph nodes. Tumor grades 11 and 111 contributed to higher numbers of positive lymph node.Conclusions: Zero-inflated models have successfully demonstrated the advantage of fitting count nodal data when both “at-harm” (lymph node involvement) and “not-at-harm” (no lymph node involvement) groups are important in predicting disease on set and disease progression. Our analysis showed that ZINB is the best model for predicting and describing the number of involved nodes in primary breast cancer, when overdispersion arises due to a large number of patients with no lymph node involvement. This is important for accurate prediction both for therapy and prognosis of breast cancer patients.

scholarly journals Real-World Data Related to Non-Metastatic Breast Cancer in Young Women: Experience of a Single Institution

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
Juliana Cunha e Silva Ominelli De Souza ◽  
Andrew Sá Nunes ◽  
Jesse Lopes Da Silva ◽  
Aline Coelho Gonçalves ◽  
Suzanne Crocamo Ventilari Da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Advanced Disease ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Lymph Node Involvement ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Node Involvement

Introduction: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women aged 20-59 years. Younger women usually have more aggressive tumors and more advanced disease with larger size and axillary lymph node involvement. There have been few studies assessing the characteristics of breast cancer in very young women. Objective: Evaluate the epidemiological and clinical profile of non-metastatic very young patients with breast cancer. Method: We performed a retrospective analysis to evaluate the epidemiological and clinical profile of non-metastatic breast cancer in patients ≤ 30 years of age treated between 1993 and 2011 at the Brazilian National Cancer Institute José Alencar Gomes da Silva. We evaluated relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: Of the 196 patients evaluated, 181 (90%) had ductal carcinoma, 79 (40%) had high-grade tumors, and 102 (52%) had hormone receptor-positive tumors. 117 patients(60%) had stage III disease at diagnosis. The median age was 29 years (range, 17-30 years). Of 185 patients who underwent surgery, 156 (84.3%) underwent total mastectomy and 171 (92%) underwent axillary lymph node dissection. 119 patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and 14 patients (9.3%) underwent neoadjuvant radiotherapy. After a median follow-up of 81.5 months, 109 patients (55%) had relapsed and 81 (41%) had died. The median RFS and OS were 49.5 months and 134 months, respectively. Lymph node involvement and neoadjuvant chemotherapy were associated with shorter RFS and OS. Conclusion: Breast cancer is uncommon in young patients, especially in those ≤ 30 years of age. We found a predominance of locally advanced disease and worse prognostic pathological characteristics. Despite the aggressive treatment, our patients had worse outcomes than those reported by other authors.

scholarly journals Correlation of lymph node size and their metastatic infiltration in gastric adenocarcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 2151
Author(s):  
Pratap Kumar Deb ◽  
Syed Abul Fazal
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Metastatic Potential ◽  
Lymph Node Involvement ◽  
Reliable Criterion ◽  
Lymph Node Size ◽  
Node Involvement ◽  
Carcinoma Stomach ◽  
High Chance

Background: In adenocarcinoma stomach, lymph node involvement is a significant predictor of survival, and a decisive factor in planning management. Size has always been an important criterion while considering the metastatic status of the node, in its radiological evaluation or otherwise. However, to what extent the size of a node can be considered as a reliable criterion for its metastatic potential remains a question.Methods: The present study is based on retrieving lymph nodes per operatively from patients of carcinoma stomach, measuring each node, evaluating its metastatic status and comparing the results to find a correlation between these two parameters.Results: The present study, examined a total of 187 nodes from 30 gastrectomy specimens. Among them, metastasis was found in 59 nodes (31.55%). Among these metastatic nodes, 34 (57.62%) were actually less than 5mm in size. Among the total sizes of all the lymph nodes examined, the mean±SD (standard deviation) of the metastasis positive nodes were found to be 6.42±3.86 mm, while that of the non-metastatic nodes were found to be 5.51±1.99 mm. However, it was also observed that larger nodes (>1 cm), tend to have a high chance of being malignant (62.5%).Conclusions: The above study shows though large nodes tend to be malignant, ignoring small nodes can lead to gross under staging or incomplete clearance while treating patients of adenocarcinoma stomach. Smaller nodes constitute a significant proportion of malignant nodes and must be evaluated. Size is not a reliable criterion of metastasis in lymph nodes of carcinoma stomach.

Renal Angiomyolipoma: Report of three cases with Regional Lymph Node Involvement and/or with Renal Cell Carcinoma

1995 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 469-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
György Csanaky ◽  
Zoltán Szereday ◽  
Tamás Magyarlaki ◽  
Gábor Méhes ◽  
Tamás Herbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Tuberous Sclerosis ◽  
Malignant Transformation ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Dna Ploidy ◽  
Lymph Node Involvement ◽  
Node Involvement

Aims and background Angiomyolipomas (AMLs) are benign hamartoid tumors which frequently occur in tuberous sclerosis (TS). They may be manifest at different organ sites such as kidneys, lymph nodes, liver and lung and may be associated with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The nature of multiple organ involvement in AML (metastasis versus multicentric synchronous tumors), the malignant transformation and the relation of AML to RCC have not been sufficiently clarified. Study design Three cases of renal AMLs in patients with tuberous sclerosis associated with lymphangioleiomyomatosis of the paraaortic lymph nodes and/or with RCC are reported. The concise clinical history of the patients as well as the findings of histology, immunohistochemistry and quantitative DNA analysis are presented. Results The multicentric form of AML and coincidence of renal AML and RCC were observed in 2 patients. AML and RCC were found within the same focus in one of the cases. RCCs were either aneuploid or “near diploid”, whereas one of the multicentric AMLs showed a discordant DNA ploidy pattern, namely aneuploidy in the kidney and diploidy in the lymph nodes. Conclusions The presented cases (all of them underwent periaortic lymphadenectomy) suggest that lymph node involvement in renal AML may be more frequent than expected (1-2% of all AMLs) on the basis of the few reported cases. The discordant DNA ploidy (renal versus lymph node lesions) observed in one of the cases with multicentric AML implies synchronous tumor growth at different sites rather than metastatic disease. The intimate coexistance of RCC and AML (RCC revealed by immunohistochemistry within a larger mass of renal AML) may indicate that malignant transformation of an AML should only be accepted, if such a coincidence is unequivocally excluded.

Lymphography in Sarcoidosis.

1974 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Musumeci ◽  
Carlo Uslenghi
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Pulmonary Involvement ◽  
Lymph Node Involvement ◽  
Lymph Node Biopsy ◽  
Pathological Findings ◽  
Node Biopsy ◽  
Node Involvement ◽  
Extensive Lymph Node

Abdominal lymphography was performed in 30 patients, 12 males and 18 females, with sarcoidosis. The diagnosis of disease was in every case histological, after mediastinal biopsy in 16 cases and after biopsy of lymph nodes in various sites in 14 cases. Mediastino-pulmonary involvement of varying degree was present in 23 patients. Lymphography revealed involvement of the inguinoretroperitoneal lymph nodes in 18 cases, bilateral in 15 of them. Lymphographic diagnosis of sarcoidosis is fairly arduous because the pattern elicited is very similar to that of lymphomas. The pathological findings were graded into 4 groups. No correlation between lymphographic pattern and duration and extent of the disease was demonstrated. In 5 patients with pathological lymphography lymph node biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. The routine use of lymphography in patients with sarcoidosis is not to be racommended because the demonstration of extensive lymph node involvement does not affect the treatment in any way.

Molecular markers for lymph node involvement in locally advanced cervical carcinomas

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 5049-5049 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Kristensen ◽  
H. Lyng ◽  
D. H. Svendsrud ◽  
R. Holm ◽  
K. Knutstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Tumor Volume ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Lymph Node Involvement ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Node Positive ◽  
Node Involvement

5049 Background: Lymph node involvement is the first indication of cervical cancer spread and a strong prognostic factor. The aims of the present study were to identify genes associated with lymph node involvement. Methods: The nodal status and tumor volume were determined from MR images in 48 patients with FIGO stage 2a to 4a at the time of diagnosis. cDNA microarray technique was used to identify genes that differed in expression between node positive and negative tumors. Biopsies enriched for carcinoma tissue were co-hybridized with a common reference sample in a dye-swap design. Quantitative real time PCR (qRT PCR) and immunohistochemistry were used to validate microarray results and determine protein expression of selected genes. Results: Pathologic lymph nodes were seen in 29 patients and normal nodes in 19. We identified 16 genes with higher and 15 with lower expression in node positive tumors as compared to the negative ones. QRT PCR data of 4 genes were consistent with these findings. CKS2, MRPS23, MRPL11, LSM3 and PDK2 were upregulated in node positive tumors suggesting high proliferation activity and oxygen consumption. MSN, KLF3 and TBX3 were downregulated. CKS2, MRPS23, MRPL11, PDK2, LSM3, TBX3, KLF3 and MSN were significantly related to progression free survival in univariate analysis. Protein expression, determined for CKS2 and MSN, was significantly correlated to survival, consistent with these results. In multivariate analysis including only gene variables, MRPL11, PDK2 and TBX3 were significant. Including also clinical and MRI variables, tumor volume, KLF3 and TBX3 were significant. NEK1, CSTA, ANX4 and DDOST were upregulated indicating activated DNA damage repair (NEK1) and resistance to apoptosis (CSTA, ANX4, DDOST). NTN4 and HYAL1, which are involved in cell-matrix interactions, were downregulated, suggesting mechanisms for increased cell migration and invasive growth. Conclusions: Our findings are consistent with known phenotypic characteristics of node positive cervical tumors, such as hypoxia and high lactate content. They point to molecular mechanisms for development of hypoxia, deregulation of glucose metabolism, activation of survival strategies and interactions between carcinoma cells and tumor stroma that may promote metastasis formation. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document