Identity and change of a field: A literature analysis of the concept of social mobility

2021 ◽  
pp. 053901842110221
Author(s):  
Magda Nico
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Literature Analysis ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Diachronic Analysis ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Systematic Collection

Social mobility is one of the concepts which is the most intrinsically bound to sociology. Hence, the diachronic analysis of this concept contributes to our understanding of sociology and the way that the discipline has changed, as it turned to individual social trajectories according to different topics. Aimed at contributing to this understanding, I’ve developed a literature review based on a systematic collection of the scientific publications in social sciences directly addressing social mobility. A database with conceptual and methodological variables was compiled (N=1054) and worked on. Distinct periods in the life course of this concept have been identified, with the emergence of a scattered concept (1920–1959), the golden age of social mobility (1960–1989), followed by a period of fragmentation and resistance (1990–2012). These three periods are characterized by different methodological and geographical hegemonies, flows and volumes of publications, and also by different tendencies and theoretical and disciplinary rivalries.

scholarly journals Leadership of the nurse: an integrative literature review

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Marcellino de Melo Lanzoni ◽  
Betina Hörner Schlindwein Meirelles
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Retrieval System ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Literature Analysis ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Nursing Leaders ◽  
Nurse Leader

This Integrative Literature Review, sought to evidence and discuss the main characteristics of the concept of leadership and of the nurse leader, as well as their contributions to the practice of nursing and health from nursing scientific publications indexed in the database Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) and published between 1998 and 2008. Following the inclusion criteria, a total of 36 studies were selected for analysis, of these 89% (33 articles) were published in foreign journals and 11% (3) published in national journals. The profiles of nursing leaders encountered were the authentic and the authoritative, with the leadership evidenced as an organizational tool that combines communication, interpersonal relationships, planning, the commitment to success and the resolvability of conflicts. Education is presented as fundamental for the formation of leaders, relating directly the valorization of academic titles with the improvement of this competence.

scholarly journals Innovation measurement: An extensive literature analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 05003
Author(s):  
Katarina Janoskova ◽  
Pavol Kral
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Literature Analysis ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Econometric Methods ◽  
Innovation Measurement ◽  
A Company

Research background: There is no doubt that innovation is an important source of a company´s competitiveness, but it is very difficult to measure the extent to which it contributes to the growth of competitiveness. Opponents of measuring innovation argue that measuring innovation is a measurement of the immeasurable. How to measure innovations and is it possible to measure innovations, is a question constantly posed by academics, managers, and economists all over the world. To find answer to these questions, this review article analyses scientific publications on innovation measurement published between 1968 and 2021. Purpose of the article: The main purpose of this article is to increase the understanding of the metrics landscape and to identify differences in the methods used in the past and present with emphasis on identification of statistical and econometric methods used to study innovation. Methods: To achieve the purpose of the article, literature review as a method of qualitative research was used. Data for literature review were gained from the Web of Science database. Findings & Value added: The analysis finds several metrics that can be used for evaluation of company´s innovation. The results can helps managers, academics, and economists to better understand the innovation measurement..

scholarly journals PATTERNS OF WEALTH TRAJECTORY IN LATER LIFE: CRITICAL PERIOD, ACCUMULATION, AND SOCIAL MOBILITY MODELS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S382-S382
Author(s):  
Yu-Chih Chen ◽  
Sojung Park ◽  
Nancy Morrow-Howell
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Stress ◽  
Mobility Models ◽  
The Life Course

Abstract Wealth, an important financial cushion for older adults to buffer economic stress, requires a longer time to accumulate and develop in one’s course of life. However, little is known about the trajectories of wealth in later life, and how the life course socioeconomic status (SES) may contribute to the development of wealth at old-age. This study investigated longitudinal patterns of wealth trajectory and whether SES across the life course affects these trajectories using critical period, accumulation, and social mobility models. Using data from 16,189 adults aged 51 and older from the 2004-2014 Health and Retirement Study, a growth mixture model was used to explore distinct wealth trajectories. Impacts of life course models were studied using multinomial logistic regression. Results showed that four heterogeneous latent classes of wealth were identified: Stable high (reference group), Low and increasing, Stable low, and High but decline. Disadvantaged adulthood SES, accumulated exposure to socioeconomic risks, and downward or persistent socioeconomic disadvantage over the life course were associated with Stable low, Low and increasing, and High but decline, supporting all three life course mechanisms on wealth development in later life. Evidence suggests that wealth development is heterogeneous across individuals, and a strong gradient effect of life-course SES on wealth trajectories are clearly observed. Programs and policies should address the effects of life course on wealth development to strengthen the economic well-being in later life.

Positive Emotion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Black
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Late Adulthood ◽  
Physical Resources ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Scientific findings from social sciences, neurobiology, endocrinology, and immunology highlight the adaptive benefits of positive emotion and activity to both mental and physical health. Positive activity, such as engagement with music and exercise, can also contribute to favorable health outcomes. This article reviews scientific evidence of the adaptive benefits of positive emotion and activity throughout the life course, with examples drawn from the fetal environment through late adulthood. Specifically, the text weaves together theory and empirical findings from an interdisciplinary literature to describe how positive emotion and activity help to build important cognitive, social, and physical resources throughout the life course.

scholarly journals Exposure to air pollution and cognitive functioning across the life course – A systematic literature review

2016 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 383-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Clifford ◽  
Linda Lang ◽  
Ruoling Chen ◽  
Kaarin J. Anstey ◽  
Anthony Seaton
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
The Life Course

The U-Shape of Happiness: A Response

2021 ◽  
pp. 174569162098439
Author(s):  
David G. Blanchflower ◽  
Carol L. Graham
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Life Course

We write in response to an article published in this journal, “The U Shape of Happiness Across the Life Course: Expanding the Discussion,” by Galambos, Krahn, Johnson and Lachman. The authors claim that “support for the purported U shape is not as robust and generalizable as is often assumed” and “we believe the conclusion that happiness declines from late adolescence to midlife (the first half of the U shape) is premature, and possibly wrong.” We respectfully disagree. The authors’ main evidence is based on summaries of 33 articles; they find 12 to have U shapes, seven to have none, and 14 to be mixed. We found that most of these articles are misclassified: Four of them are ineligible for inclusion, 25 find a U, and four are mixed. We then identified a further 353 articles, including 329 in peer-reviewed journals, that all found U shapes that were not identified in the literature review. This is a major omission. We also present our own evidence of midlife nadirs in well-being using around eight and a half million individual observations from nationally representative surveys for the United States and Europe. The midlife low occurs in the mid-40s and its drop is equivalent to roughly three quarters of the unprecedented drop observed in well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Heterogeneous Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms in Late Middle Age: Critical Period, Accumulation, and Social Mobility Life Course Perspectives

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1011-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunsun Kwon ◽  
BoRin Kim ◽  
Hyunjoo Lee ◽  
Sojung Park
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Symptom Trajectories ◽  
The Life Course

Objective: This study investigated patterns of depressive symptoms and whether socioeconomic status (SES) across the life course affects these trajectories using the critical period, accumulation, and social mobility models. Method: This study uses data from 8,532 adults, age 51 to 64, collected over 12 years from the Health and Retirement Study (observations = 25,887). A latent class analysis was performed to examine distinct depressive symptom trajectories; life course models were studied with multinomial logistic regression. Results: Four heterogeneous latent classes were identified for depression: Declining, Low, Increasing, and High and Increasing. The High and Increasing group was associated with a disadvantaged childhood SES, accumulated exposure to socioeconomic risks, and persistent SES disadvantage supporting the three life course models. Discussion: There was evidence of distinct profiles of depressive symptoms in late middle age and of interrelated life course mechanisms underlying the influences of childhood SES on later life depression.

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