Ex-Incarceree/Convict Status: Beneficial for Self-Employment and Entrepreneurship?

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-162
Author(s):  
Armel Irankunda ◽  
Gregory N. Price ◽  
Norense E. Uzamere ◽  
Miesha J. Williams
Keyword(s):  
General Social Survey ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Entrepreneurship Training ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Individual Self

This article considers whether ex-incarceree/convict status favorably conditions the decision to be self-employed—a proxy for entrepreneurship. With data from the U.S. General Social Survey, we estimate the parameters of simple Probit and Bivariate Probit treatment specifications of individual self-employment outcomes as a function of ex-incarceree/convict status, and several measures of individual risk-taking propensities. Parameter estimates reveal that ex-incarceree/convict status has a positive and significant treatment effect on self-employment, particularly for Black Americans, after controlling for various measures of individual risk propensities. Our results suggest that the expansion of entrepreneurship training programs and the elimination of any barriers that restrict access to start-up capital for ex-incarcerees/convicts would reduce crime and recidivism, ameliorate mass incarceration, and complement pro-growth economic policies that induce more self-employment and entrepreneurship. JEL Classification: J01, J24, L26, Z13

First Steps towards Self-Employment – Microcredit for Enterprise in Scotland

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil McHugh ◽  
Morag Gillespie ◽  
Jana Loew ◽  
Cam Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Enterprise Development ◽  
Grameen Bank ◽  
Economic Strategy ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Start Up ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Poor Communities

While lending for small businesses and business start-up is a long-standing feature of economic policy in the UK and Scotland, little is known about the support available for those taking the first steps into self-employment, particularly people from poorer communities. This paper presents the results of a project that aimed to address this gap. It mapped provision of support for enterprise, including microcredit (small loans for enterprise of £5,000 or less) and grants available to people in deprived communities. It found more programmes offering grants than loans. Grants programmes, although more likely to be time limited and often linked to European funding, were generally better targeted to poor communities than loan programmes that were more financially sustainable. The introduction of the Grameen Bank to Scotland will increase access to microcredit, but this paper argues that there is a place – and a need – for both loans and grants to support enterprise development across Scotland. A Scottish economic strategy should take account of all levels of enterprise development and, in striving towards a fairer Scotland, should ensure that the poorest people and communities are not excluded from self-employment because of the lack of small amounts of support necessary to take the first steps.

Reshaping the Economic Structure in Argentina: The Role of External Debt during the Macri Administration (2015–2019)

2021 ◽  
pp. 048661342097642
Author(s):  
Juan E. Santarcángelo ◽  
Juan Manuel Padín
Keyword(s):  
External Debt ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Financial Capital ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Long Term Effects

Argentina’s right-wing shift in the 2015 presidential election concluded twelve years of center-left rule. The elected president, Mauricio Macri, claimed that the economy would experience normalization of existing imbalances and recover its strength in a “new political era.” However, the new administration quickly restored the dominance of neoliberal economic policies through a comprehensive set of initiatives, which centrally included the return to international financial debt and equity markets and submission to the International Monetary Fund’s (IMF) rules. This article analyzes Argentina’s external-debt-growth process and discusses its objectives and long-term effects. This paper posits that the indebtedness process carried out by the Macri administration—and its modality—not only increased the relevance of financial capital in the Argentine economy but also structurally conditioned any future nonorthodox alternative path of development. This outcome cannot be understood without taking into account the deliberate role of the United States, the IMF, and the top companies that operate in Argentina, as well as the complicity of many political sectors. JEL Classification: H63, F34, F63

scholarly journals Self-employment, start-up incentives and political ideology

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Horst Baruffaldi ◽  
Marianna Marino ◽  
Pierpaolo Parrotta
Keyword(s):  
Political Ideology ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Start Up

scholarly journals The Roles of Determinants of Self-employment: A Mediation of Entrepreneurial Motivation in Bauchi State, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Muhammad Adamu ◽  
Mahani Bint Mohammad Abdu Shakur
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Economic Incentive ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Entrepreneurial Motivation ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
Developed Nations

Today, the problem of unemployment has been a global issue, even among the developed nations, and especially the developing nations. For this reason, the need for employment generation becomes desirably indispensable. The aim of this research work is to examine the essential roles that entrepreneurial traits and economic incentive factors would play with the mediation of entrepreneurial motivation for an effective self-employment start-up accomplishment. Self-employment has long been recognized as an alternative for individuals to become self-reliant. Thus, this is expected brings about a reduction in poverty level,  improved living standard as well as to earn more income and have a better career as a means of sustenance for potential entrepreneurs.  For this purpose, it is essentially important to make an examination of certain vital factors, which may constitute the basics necessary to effect self-employment particularly from the context of entrepreneurial traits and economic incentive factors that would motivate the potential entrepreneurs to achieve success in self-employment start-up.

scholarly journals Intervención: cuidado del medio ambiente en la formación clúster de turismo alternativo, para el desarrollo regional

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Raquel Valdez-Guerrero ◽  
Isela Margarita Robles-Arias ◽  
Ivana María Real-Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Planned Change ◽  
Environmental Intervention ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Intervention Process ◽  
Alternative Tourism ◽  
Intervention Plan ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Observation Matrix

Strategies for the development of an Environmental Intervention Plan in the formation of the alternative tourism cluster for regional development applied in El Triunfo, Baja California Sur are addressed to allow poverty reduction through the generation of self-employment in the region, increasing the quality of life and without compromising the natural environment. The objective is to identify strategic activities and processes that are integrated into the start-up of companies that conglomerate together and form an alternative tourism cluster. To carry out the same, the Planned Change Model Intervention methodology is used, where information is collected, data is processed, the intervention plan is analyzed and designed. For the purpose of this investigation they have been designed; a questionnaire to identify the knowledge and application of the regulations of the Law of Ecological Balance and Protection of the Environment, applied to the companies that conglomerates make up the cluster and an observation matrix to collect the information, for the processing comparative matrices have been designed with in order to identify opportunities for improvement and include them in the intervention process.

scholarly journals Morocco's Participative Banking Sector: A Cross-Analysis of Current State, Opportunities and Challenges of Its Five Banks and Three Windows

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-19
Author(s):  
Oumniya Amrani ◽  
Amal Najab
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Benchmark Study ◽  
Current State ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Enormous Amount ◽  
Asset Growth

Launched two and a half years ago, the model of Islamic banking adopted by Morocco consists of five banks and three windows. This paper aims to present an exploratory case study of the performance of the eight actors of Morocco participative banking. The study reveals an increase of Murabaha funding and deposits while the total net profit remains negative (MAD -420 million) mainly due to the start-up costs absorbing an enormous amount of resources. Presented in a SWOT Analysis, the study’s results confirm that the sector is facing many difficulties and gaps that negatively affect the business especially the incomplete participative financial ecosystem. Then, the paper presents a benchmark study of Turkey’s participation in banking. Findings show that the financial ecosystem in Turkey is much more developed compared to Morocco. Consequently, this situation favored the rise of the five operational participation banks whose asset growth rate reached 99%, between 2014 and 2018, and recorded positive net profits which exceeded TL 2 billion. Nevertheless, both Morocco and Turkey participation banks are still too young and can make headway only if the regulators and the operators properly address the challenges which hamper their development. JEL Classification: G21, 057.  

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENYEBAB KEGAGALAN MENDIRIKAN USAHA BARU PADA PARA LULUSAN PROGRAM WIRAUSAHA BARU JAWA BARAT KELAS IDE BISNIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Rida Srihadiastuti ◽  
Deden Syarif Hidayatullah
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Business Failure ◽  
Entrepreneurship Training ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Start Up ◽  
New Business ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Main Factor

Wirausaha Baru Jawa Barat Program (WUB Jabar Program) which organized by Badiklatkop Bandung, is an entrepreneurship training in 3 choices of business field, those are food-beverage, convection, and salon. Participants are divided into Ide Bisnis class, Start-up class, or Growth class. Ide Bisnis Class is for participants who do not have a business, or already have a business but not yet reached the age of 1 year. Through a survey of 237 Ide Bisnis class graduates, there were 21 people who failed in establishing their new business after participated in the program. This research aims to determine the factors that caused failure. The qualitative descriptive method used in this research. Data collection techniques with an observation of program WUB Jabar, and interviews with 7 graduates who experienced business failure, also to 5 graduates whose business is still continuing. Data analysis techniques with Miles and Huberman models. The results of this research explained that the main factor causing graduates’ new business failure is the barrier on capital because barriers on capital causing barriers on other factors. And capital factor is also the most difficult barrier to be solved by the graduates who do not experience the business failure

Can policymakers improve the effectiveness of entrepreneurship training programmes? Evidence from Italy

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Matricano
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Lisbon Strategy ◽  
Entrepreneurship Training ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Training Activities ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Training Programmes ◽  
National Governments

Despite efforts by European national governments to implement dedicated entrepreneurship training activities and enhance start-up expectations, as established by the Lisbon Strategy (2000), the results achieved have not always been satisfactory. A particularly noteworthy case occurred in Italy in 2008, when there were very few newly created ventures and a larger number of failed or abandoned ones. The effectiveness of entrepreneurship training programmes therefore requires in-depth investigation. Statistical processing (based on data derived from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor and using logistic regression models) shows that the potential impact of entrepreneurship training programmes, whether formal or informal, on Italian recipients varies according to gender and age. Thus, Italian policymakers should try to govern and manage the supply of these programmes not as a homogenous whole, but by matching specific programmes with specific targets. Only if policymakers are able to approach entrepreneurship training in this way can its effectiveness really be enhanced.

Imprenditorialitŕ e nascita di nuove imprese innovative in Europa: un'analisi delle determinanti in alcuni settori ad alta tecnologia

2009 ◽  
pp. 67-92
Author(s):  
Camilla Lenzi ◽  
Maria Luisa Mancusi
Keyword(s):  
New Ventures ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
New Venture ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Work Experiences ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
New Firm ◽  
The University

- This paper evaluates the importance of some key elements in the process leading to the birth and start-up of a new firm. We focus on a sample of recently founded and innovative European firms in technological fields characterised by strong innovative and competitive dynamics in the last 15 years. Emphasis is placed both on the role of the founder and on the assets exploited and developed in the new ventures early stages. The analysis of the questionnaire confirms the importance of the intellectual capital of the founder and of the scientific and technological knowledge acquired during advanced studies or previous work experiences. It further confirms the importance of the human and financial capital (particularly, access to external funds) necessary to the start of entrepreneurial activity, of intellectual property rights and of the network of relationships with actors having complementary knowledge and assets (other firms, universities and public research centres, parent organisation). The analysis finally highlights interesting differences both at the geographical and sectoral level. Differences across geographical regions include the degree of development of financial markets and the opportunities to access external financial resources, but also and mostly the functions performed and the effectiveness of the university system. On the other side, differences across sectors include the assets exploited in founding the new venture and the key competences that allow it to survive and eventually grow. Keywords: entrepreneurship, spin-off, patent Parole chiave: imprenditorialitŕ, spin-off, brevetto Jel Classification: L10, M13, O30

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