scholarly journals Deployment-Related Traumatic Events and Suicidal Behaviours in a Nationally Representative Sample of Canadian Armed Forces Personnel

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 795-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitender Sareen ◽  
Tracie O. Afifi ◽  
Tamara Taillieu ◽  
Kristene Cheung ◽  
Sarah Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Canadian Armed Forces ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Suicidal Plans

Objective: Worldwide, there has been substantial controversy with respect to whether military deployment is a risk factor for suicidal behaviour. The present study examined the relationship between lifetime exposure to deployment and deployment-related traumatic events (DRTEs) and past-year suicidal ideation (SI), suicidal plans (SP), and suicidal attempts (SA). Method: Data were analysed from the 2013 Canadian Forces Mental Health Survey (8161 respondents; response rate, 79.8%; aged 18-60 years). A total of 12 individual items assessed exposure to DRTEs (e.g., combat, witnessing human atrocities, feeling responsible for the death of Canadian or ally personnel, knowing someone who was injured or killed). We examined each individual DRTE type as well as the number of types of DRTEs in relation to suicidal behaviour. Results: Lifetime deployment was not significantly associated with suicidal behaviour. In models adjusted for sociodemographic variables, most of the individual DRTE items and the DRTE count variable were significantly associated with suicidal behaviours (adjusted odds ratio ranged between 1.10 and 5.32). When further adjusting for child abuse exposure, these associations were minimally attenuated, and some became nonsignificant. In models adjusting for mental disorders and child abuse, most DRTEs and number of types of DRTEs became nonsignificant in relation to SI, SP, and SA. Conclusions: Active military personnel exposed to increasing number of DRTEs are at increased risk for SI, SP, and SA. However, most of the association between DRTEs and suicidal behaviour is accounted for by child abuse exposure and mental disorders.

scholarly journals Risks of Major Mental Disorders and Irritable Bowel Syndrome among the Offspring of Parents with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Nationwide Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4679
Author(s):  
Ta-Chuan Yeh ◽  
Ya-Mei Bai ◽  
Shih-Jen Tsai ◽  
Tzeng-Ji Chen ◽  
Chih-Sung Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Early Implementation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional bowel disorder that is highly comorbid with mental disorders. However, few studies have examined the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder (MDD), and schizophrenia in the offspring of parents with IBS. We used nationally representative cross-sectional survey data to analyze cross-generational transmission patterns of both IBS and major mental disorders. Odds ratio (OR) was calculated by using logistic regression models with adjustment for potential confounding factors. Offspring of parents with IBS were more likely to develop IBS themselves (OR = 2.41, 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.09–2.78), ADHD (OR = 1.33, 95% CI, 1.08–1.62), and MDD (OR = 1.32, 95% CI, 1.04–1.68) than the controls. Data stratification by parental sex revealed that paternal IBS increased risk of ADHD (OR = 1.34, 95% CI, 1.01–1.77) in the offspring, while maternal IBS increased the risk of MDD (OR = 1.51, 95% CI, 1.11–2.06). This is the first study to reveal parental IBS is associated with IBS, ADHD, and MDD among offspring, suggesting the necessity for early implementation of prevention strategies for at-risk children.

scholarly journals Involvement in Physical Fights among School Attending Adolescents: A Nationally Representative Sample from Kuwait

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Masood Ali Shaikh ◽  
Anne P. Abio ◽  
Adebola A. Adedimeji ◽  
Michael Lowery Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Recall Period ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Fighting Behavior ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Individual

Background: Interpersonal violence in school settings is an important public health problem worldwide. This study investigated the individual and social correlates for being involved in a physical fight amongst a nationally representative sample of school-attending adolescents in Kuwait. Methods: We carried out bivariate and multivariate analyses to determine the strength and direction of associations with adolescent involvement in problematic fighting behavior within a 12-month recall period. Results: Within a total sample of 3637, n = 877 (25.2%) of school-attending adolescents reported being involved in two or more physical fights during the recall period. The multivariate analysis indicated that being male (OR = 2.71; CI = 1.88–3.90), a victim of bullying (OR = 2.77; CI = 2.14–3.58), truancy (OR = 2.52; CI = 1.91–3.32), planning a suicide (OR = 2.04; CI = 1.49–2.78) and food deprivation (OR = 1.91; CI = 1.37–2.65) were associated with an increased risk of involvement in physical fighting. Peer support in the form of having close friends (OR = 0.85; CI = 0.76–0.96) was found to be associated with a reduced involvement in fighting behavior. Conclusion: The results, when taken together, suggest that supportive school environments may represent important settings for violence mitigation and prevention strategies.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Past-Year Mental Disorders in the Canadian Armed Forces, 2002-2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 26S-35S ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Zamorski ◽  
Rachel E. Bennett ◽  
Corneliu Rusu ◽  
Murray Weeks ◽  
David Boulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Canadian Armed Forces

scholarly journals The impact of potentially traumatic events on the mental health of males who have served in the military: Findings from the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 693-702
Author(s):  
Darryl Wade ◽  
Louise Mewton ◽  
Tracey Varker ◽  
Andrea Phelps ◽  
David Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Unexpected Events ◽  
Potentially Traumatic Events ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Australian Defence Force ◽  
The Impact

Objective: The study investigated the impact of potentially traumatic events on mental health outcomes among males who had ever served in the Australian Defence Force. Method: Data from a nationally representative household survey of Australian residents, the 2007 National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing, were used for this study. Results: Compared with community members, Australian Defence Force males were significantly more likely to have experienced not only deployment and other war-like events but also accidents or other unexpected events, and trauma to someone close. For non-deployed males, Australian Defence Force members were at increased risk of accidents or other unexpected events compared to community members. After controlling for the effect of potentially traumatic events that were more prevalent among all Australian Defence Force members, the increased risk of mental disorders among Australian Defence Force members was no longer evident. For non-deployed males, Australian Defence Force and community members were at comparable risk of poor mental health outcomes. A significant minority of Australian Defence Force members had onset of a mental disorder prior to their first deployment. Conclusions: Deployment and other potentially traumatic events among Australian Defence Force members can help to explain their increased vulnerability to mental disorders compared with community members. Providers should routinely enquire about a range of potentially traumatic events among serving and ex-serving military personnel.

scholarly journals Trauma and psychotic experiences: transnational data from the World Mental Health Survey

2017 ◽  
Vol 211 (6) ◽  
pp. 373-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. McGrath ◽  
Sukanta Saha ◽  
Carmen C. W. Lim ◽  
Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola ◽  
Jordi Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Psychotic Experience ◽  
World Mental Health ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The World

BackgroundTraumatic events are associated with increased risk of psychotic experiences, but it is unclear whether this association is explained by mental disorders prior to psychotic experience onset.AimsTo investigate the associations between traumatic events and subsequent psychotic experience onset after adjusting for post-traumatic stress disorder and other mental disorders.MethodWe assessed 29 traumatic event types and psychotic experiences from the World Mental Health surveys and examined the associations of traumatic events with subsequent psychotic experience onset with and without adjustments for mental disorders.ResultsRespondents with any traumatic events had three times the odds of other respondents of subsequently developing psychotic experiences (OR=3.1, 95% CI 2.7–3.7), with variability in strength of association across traumatic event types. These associations persisted after adjustment for mental disorders.ConclusionsExposure to traumatic events predicts subsequent onset of psychotic experiences even after adjusting for comorbid mental disorders.

scholarly journals Childhood adversities as risk factors for onset and persistence of suicidal behaviour

2010 ◽  
Vol 197 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronny Bruffaerts ◽  
Koen Demyttenaere ◽  
Guilherme Borges ◽  
Josep Maria Haro ◽  
Wai Tat Chiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Multivariate Models ◽  
Childhood Adversities ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Representative Samples ◽  
Ratio Range

BackgroundSuicide is a leading cause of death worldwide, but the precise effect of childhood adversities as risk factors for the onset and persistence of suicidal behaviour (suicide ideation, plans and attempts) are not well understood.AimsTo examine the associations between childhood adversities as risk factors for the onset and persistence of suicidal behaviour across 21 countries worldwide.MethodRespondents from nationally representative samples (η = 55 299) were interviewed regarding childhood adversities that occurred before the age of 18 years and lifetime suicidal behaviour.ResultsChildhood adversities were associated with an increased risk of suicide attempt and ideation in both bivariate and multivariate models (odds ratio range 1.2–5.7). The risk increased with the number of adversities experienced, but at a decreasing rate. Sexual and physical abuse were consistently the strongest risk factors for both the onset and persistence of suicidal behaviour, especially during adolescence. Associations remained similar after additional adjustment for respondents' lifetime mental disorder status.ConclusionsChildhood adversities (especially intrusive or aggressive adversities) are powerful predictors of the onset and persistence of suicidal behaviours.

scholarly journals Sex Differences between Young Adults in the Czech and Slovak Republics in the Relationship between Alcohol-Related Consequences and Depression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Gavurova ◽  
Martin Rigelsky ◽  
Viera Ivankova
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Counseling Professionals ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

In general, the Czech and Slovak Republic are among the countries with increased alcohol consumption. It is clear that increased consumption can predict the occurrence of negative consequences that may subsequently be associated with various mental disorders. One of these mental disorders is depression, which is common in young adults and brings difficulties into their lives that can turn into problems in the future. The study examined the relationship between alcohol-related consequences and depressive symptoms in a sample of university students from the Czech and Slovak Republics in order to map the situation in these regions, where this problem is still ignored (n = 2514; CZE = 47.5%). The research included data from standardized questionnaires, namely the Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire (YAACQ), which can predict alcohol use problems, and Health Questionnaire of depression (PHQ-9). The data was collected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Regarding sex differences, a higher YAACQ score was found in males and, conversely, a higher PHQ-9 score was identified in females. The results of correlation and regression analyses revealed significant associations between the scores in the individual YAACQ subscales and the PHQ-9 score, while low to moderate correlations were found in most cases. In all cases, positive trajectories were identified, meaning that the increased risk of depressive disorder can be associated with experience in selected dimensions of alcohol-related consequences. Stronger associations occurred in females than in males. In terms of practical implications, high priority was given to prevention programs and counseling. Professionals’ efforts to help young people should be sex-oriented, while females were more vulnerable to depression, males were prone to the consequences of alcohol use.

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