Varieties and Uses of Group Psychotherapy

1964 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Powles
Keyword(s):  
Group Psychotherapy ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Mass Medium ◽  
The Other ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Group Methods ◽  
Psychotherapy Groups ◽  
Practical Question

This has been a rather general discussion of the broad properties of group psychotherapy and psychotherapy groups, attempting to indicate how a variety of approaches and techniques is applicable to different kinds of therapeutic situations. Group psychotherapy is defined here as having three essential characteristics: A collection of people in need, a professional therapist, and a use of group dynamics. Group psychotherapy has turned out to be no panacea or cheap mass medium. On the other hand, its flexible use in a variety of situations appears to broaden our existing therapeutic armamentarium considerably, and the practical question to-day is not “What patient is suitable, or unsuitable, for group psychotherapy?”— so much as— “What particular combination of group psychotherapy methods is suitable for the group of patients presenting for treatment?” This paper has accordingly scanned some of the variables seen in treatment groups, using the psychoanalytic group as a paradigm. It seems likely that as we understand human groups better, we shall apply group methods more widely and effectively in psychiatric treatment.

Therapeutic semi-safe space in group analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avi Berman
Keyword(s):  
Group Psychotherapy ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mutual Interaction ◽  
Safe Space ◽  
Potential Space ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Interpersonal Environment

People come to group analysis knowing that the group is not completely safe. They choose to join an unknown, and in many respects unpredictable and challenging, interpersonal environment. ‘Semi-Safe space’ in group analysis is a co-created, basically safe and mutually accepted infrastructure, with the mutually recognized challenge of being and communicating in an unexpected and not fully protected environment. The group’s semi-safe space represents one of the main advantages of group psychotherapy if handled professionally. Group analysis is a potential space in which minds may be created and develop through mutual interaction, which is sometimes inevitably turbulent and experienced as unsafe. On the other hand, excessive ‘unsafety’ might destroy the boundaries of the psychotherapeutic domain and become harmful or even traumatic. It is the conductor’s crucial responsibility to create initial safety in the group. He can contribute to the participants’ sense of safety by exercising some authority in stating those boundaries and opposing any deviation from them. This contract is based on reciprocity and exchange: protecting the safety of one participant in the group is equivalent to protecting the safety of the others. Mutual risk-taking produces safety while its lack intensifies doubt and fear.

Denigration of a Victim in Group Psychotherapy by Violent Vs Seductive Sex Offenders

1993 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Eisenman
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Group Psychotherapy ◽  
Treatment Program ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Child Molesters ◽  
Violent Offenders ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Comparison ◽  
Psychotherapy Groups ◽  
Set Up

Two psychotherapy groups were set up in a prison treatment program, one for violent sex offenders, the other for sex offenders who were less violent and primarily used seduction to obtain sex. Most of the patients were child molesters. Observations showed that over the course of 10 group psychotherapy sessions, 8 out of 10 violent offenders said denigrating things about their victims vs 2 out of 10 seductive offenders. The significant comparison if supported by cross-validation suggests the value of the distinction of violence vs seduction for sex offenders.

The Influence of Team Composition on Attacking and Defending in Football

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1174-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garry A. Gelade
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Team Composition ◽  
Team Heterogeneity ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Soccer Teams ◽  
European Football ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Heterogeneous Teams

This article examines the effects of team composition on the performance of European football (soccer) teams. The scorelines of 1,822 matches involving 98 first-tier teams were analyzed in terms of the overall ability of the teams and the spread of player abilities (heterogeneity) within them. As expected, total team ability has a beneficial effect on performance; the number of goals a team scores is positively related to its own ability and negatively related to the ability of its opponents. Team heterogeneity on the other hand has both beneficial and detrimental effects on performance. Heterogeneous teams score more goals than homogeneous teams, but they also concede more goals. As the effect of heterogeneity on goals conceded is greater than its effect on goals scored, the net effect of heterogeneity is to depress overall performance. The results are discussed in terms of Steiner’s framework of group dynamics.

A study of cometary eruptions through OH radio-lines

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
A.M. Silva ◽  
R.D. Miró
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Mass ◽  
Radio Lines ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sudden Rise

AbstractWe have developed a model for theH2OandOHevolution in a comet outburst, assuming that together with the gas, a distribution of icy grains is ejected. With an initial mass of icy grains of 108kg released, theH2OandOHproductions are increased up to a factor two, and the growth curves change drastically in the first two days. The model is applied to eruptions detected in theOHradio monitorings and fits well with the slow variations in the flux. On the other hand, several events of short duration appear, consisting of a sudden rise ofOHflux, followed by a sudden decay on the second day. These apparent short bursts are frequently found as precursors of a more durable eruption. We suggest that both of them are part of a unique eruption, and that the sudden decay is due to collisions that de-excite theOHmaser, when it reaches the Cometopause region located at 1.35 × 105kmfrom the nucleus.

Closing the GAP—A 5Å Scanning Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Conventional Microscope ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
Thermal Sources ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Transmission Microscope

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.

Life Beyond 1MeV

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
K.H. Westmacott
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good Case ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The U.S

Life beyond 1MeV – like life after 40 – is not too different unless one takes advantage of past experience and is receptive to new opportunities. At first glance, the returns on performing electron microscopy at voltages greater than 1MeV diminish rather rapidly as the curves which describe the well-known advantages of HVEM often tend towards saturation. However, in a country with a significant HVEM capability, a good case can be made for investing in instruments with a range of maximum accelerating voltages. In this regard, the 1.5MeV KRATOS HVEM being installed in Berkeley will complement the other 650KeV, 1MeV, and 1.2MeV instruments currently operating in the U.S. One other consideration suggests that 1.5MeV is an optimum voltage machine – Its additional advantages may be purchased for not much more than a 1MeV instrument. On the other hand, the 3MeV HVEM's which seem to be operated at 2MeV maximum, are much more expensive.

Can the Academic Self-Concept be Positive and Realistic?

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reimer Kornmann
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
High Ability ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Other Hand

Summary: My comment is basically restricted to the situation in which less-able students find themselves and refers only to literature in German. From this point of view I am basically able to confirm Marsh's results. It must, however, be said that with less-able pupils the opposite effect can be found: Levels of self-esteem in these pupils are raised, at least temporarily, by separate instruction, academic performance however drops; combined instruction, on the other hand, leads to improved academic performance, while levels of self-esteem drop. Apparently, the positive self-image of less-able pupils who receive separate instruction does not bring about the potential enhancement of academic performance one might expect from high-ability pupils receiving separate instruction. To resolve the dilemma, it is proposed that individual progress in learning be accentuated, and that comparisons with others be dispensed with. This fosters a self-image that can in equal measure be realistic and optimistic.

Rorschach-CS Scores of Six Groups of Patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caspar C. Berghout ◽  
Jolien Zevalkink ◽  
Abraham N. J. Pieters ◽  
Gregory J. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Organizations ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Treatment Type ◽  
Psychotherapy Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

In this study we used a quasiexperimental, cross-sectional design with six cohorts differing in phase of treatment (pretreatment, posttreatment, 2-year posttreatment) and treatment type (psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic psychotherapy) and investigated scores on 39 Rorschach-CS variables. The total sample consisted of 176 participants from four mental health care organizations in The Netherlands. We first examined pretreatment differences between patients entering psychoanalysis and patients entering psychoanalytic psychotherapy. The two treatment groups did not seem to differ substantially before treatment, with the exception of the level of ideational problems. Next, we studied the outcome of psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic psychotherapy by comparing the Rorschach-CS scores of the six groups of patients. In general, we found significant differences between pretreatment and posttreatment on a relatively small number of Rorschach-CS variables. More pre/post differences were found between the psychoanalytic psychotherapy groups than between the psychoanalysis groups. More research is needed to examine whether analyzing clusters of variables might reveal other results.

Stories and the Self

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Krause ◽  
Markus Appel
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Abstract. Two experiments examined the influence of stories on recipients’ self-perceptions. Extending prior theory and research, our focus was on assimilation effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in line with a protagonist’s traits) as well as on contrast effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in contrast to a protagonist’s traits). In Experiment 1 ( N = 113), implicit and explicit conscientiousness were assessed after participants read a story about either a diligent or a negligent student. Moderation analyses showed that highly transported participants and participants with lower counterarguing scores assimilate the depicted traits of a story protagonist, as indicated by explicit, self-reported conscientiousness ratings. Participants, who were more critical toward a story (i.e., higher counterarguing) and with a lower degree of transportation, showed contrast effects. In Experiment 2 ( N = 103), we manipulated transportation and counterarguing, but we could not identify an effect on participants’ self-ascribed level of conscientiousness. A mini meta-analysis across both experiments revealed significant positive overall associations between transportation and counterarguing on the one hand and story-consistent self-reported conscientiousness on the other hand.

Don’t Put Me in This Group

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-93
Author(s):  
Jort de Vreeze ◽  
Christina Matschke
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Negative Information ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Group Memberships

Abstract. Not all group memberships are self-chosen. The current research examines whether assignments to non-preferred groups influence our relationship with the group and our preference for information about the ingroup. It was expected and found that, when people are assigned to non-preferred groups, they perceive the group as different to the self, experience negative emotions about the assignment and in turn disidentify with the group. On the other hand, when people are assigned to preferred groups, they perceive the group as similar to the self, experience positive emotions about the assignment and in turn identify with the group. Finally, disidentification increases a preference for negative information about the ingroup.

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