Treatment of Drug-Induced Psychosis with Diphenylhydantoin†

1976 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 565-569
Author(s):  
O. I. Ifabumuyi ◽  
J. J. Jeffries
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Antiepileptic Drugs ◽  
Epileptiform Activity ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Hallucinogenic Drugs ◽  
Eeg Recordings ◽  
Drug Induced Psychosis

Summary This paper introduces an alternative to the major tranquilizers in the treatment of acute psychotic breakdown following multiple drug abuse. All the patients described had been taking hallucinogenic drugs for over five years. Only three of several successfully treated cases are described. Two of these cases were followed by EEG recordings, which did not show any localized epileptiform activity. The response to diphenylhydantoin is described both clinically and as recorded by EEG. An initial two-week period is necessary in order that the effects of the drugs can be demonstrated clinically or on EEG tracing. It cannot be concluded from this that the antiepileptic drugs are the drugs of choice in drug-induced psychosis; but, diphenylhydantoin has shown dramatic effectiveness in these previously refractory cases. In view of the response, some abnormal cerebral discharge from an as yet undiscovered locus may be involved in the pathogenesis of drug-induced hallucinations.

the Effect of Drug Abuse on the Duration of Acute Hospitalization in Schizophrenia

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
M.D. Ortega ◽  
N. Jimeno ◽  
M.L. Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Acute Hospitalization ◽  
Drug Induced Psychosis ◽  
The Moment

Aims:Drug-induced psychosis and drug abuse/dependence in schizophrenia are new clinical problems due to the increasing prevalence of drug consumption in this population. the objective is to know if the abuse/dependence of illegal drugs may influence the duration of acute hospitalization in schizophrenia.Method:It was conducted a retrospective cohort study on a sample of 256 acute hospitalizations of patients with schizophrenia and related disorders in Valladolid (Spain) between 2004 and 2006. at the moment of admission 82 patients had active drug abuse/dependence and 174 did not. A Cox proportional-hazards regression model was constructed considering drug abuse/dependence as predicting factor and length of stay as result variable.Results:The mean length of stay was 12.2 days (SD= 7.5) in the group without drug abuse/dependence and 7.7 days (SD= 29.0) in the drug group (means difference p=0.05). When abuse/dependence of drugs is present, the risk of discharge at any moment during the hospitalization increases in 34% (p=0.04). When Global Assessment of Functioning at the moment of admission is included in the regression model, the results remain significant (risk 35%, p=0.047). Clinical status at discharge was significantly better for the drug users group. Drug users were more frequently at his/her first hospitalization (58.2% versus 35.2%; p=0.001).Conclusion:In schizophrenia, abuse/dependence of drugs is associated with a 34% lower duration of acute hospitalization. This fact might be due to a relevant proportion of drug-induced psychosis who recovers earlier than idiopathic schizophrenia episodes.

scholarly journals Drug Abuse and Psychosis: New Insights into Drug-induced Psychosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suji Ham ◽  
Tae Kyoo Kim ◽  
Sooyoung Chung ◽  
Heh-In Im
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Drug Induced Psychosis

Neuropsychology in the Differential Diagnosis of Dual Pathology: Schizophrenia and Drugs Abuse/Dependence

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L. Vargas ◽  
S. Lopez ◽  
A.M. del Brio ◽  
M.L. Fernandez ◽  
M.A. Franco
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Dual Pathology ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Drug Induced Psychosis

Aims:Dual diagnosis of schizophrenic disorders and drug abuse/dependence are increasing due to more frequent use of cannabis and cocaine. It is important to differentiate between primary schizophrenia with associate drug abuse/dependence and drug-induced psychosis. The objective is to detect neuropsychological differences between drug users and non-users in schizophrenia patients, which could be used as diagnostic tools.Method:We conduct one case-control study on 12 schizophrenia out-patients (10 male) with vital history of drug abuse/dependence (mainly cannabis and cocaine) and one control group of 18 schizophrenia out-patients (12 male) who never used illegal drugs (global age mean: 32.8 years; SD:7.2). It was applied one neuropsychological battery sensitive to the neuropsychological deficit frequent in schizophrenia: WAIS-III, BADS, WCST, Colour Trails, Trail Making A and B, BVRT, California Verbal Learning Test (spanish version: TAVEC). Variables was summarized determining Z values and principal components. It was constructed one Logistic Regression Model to determinate the better predicting model of drug use state.Results:The resultant model included two predictors: WAIS Perceptive Organization Index and Trails Component. The prediction formula for Ln Odd Ratio of drug abuse/dependence group is: -13.83 + 1.09 (Trails Z score) + 0.16 (WAIS Perceptive Organization Index). It explains for 63% of the variance (p = 0.001). The ROC curve for using in diagnose was constructed.Conclusion:Neuropsychological diagnosis can contribute to the differential diagnosis of schizophrenia in dual pathology. The better functioning in visual-spatial tasks increases the probability of psychosis related with drugs use.

scholarly journals Primary psychosis with comorbid drug abuse and drug-induced psychosis: Diagnostic and clinical evolution at follow up

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Mauri ◽  
C. Di Pace ◽  
A. Reggiori ◽  
S. Paletta ◽  
A. Colasanti
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Clinical Evolution ◽  
Drug Induced Psychosis

Effects of antiepileptic drugs on induced epileptiform activity in a rat model of dysplasia

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D Smyth ◽  
Nicholas M Barbaro ◽  
Scott C Baraban
Keyword(s):  
Antiepileptic Drugs ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Epileptiform Activity

scholarly journals Proteomic profiling of murine biliary-derived hepatic organoids and their capacity for drug disposition, bioactivation and detoxification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Howell ◽  
Rosalind E. Jenkins ◽  
Stephen Lynch ◽  
Carrie Duckworth ◽  
B. Kevin Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Drug Metabolism ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Drug Disposition ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Proteomic Profiling ◽  
Cytochrome P450 3A ◽  
Drug Induced

AbstractHepatic organoids are a recent innovation in in vitro modeling. Initial studies suggest that organoids better recapitulate the liver phenotype in vitro compared to pre-existing proliferative cell models. However, their potential for drug metabolism and detoxification remains poorly characterized, and their global proteome has yet to be compared to their tissue of origin. This analysis is urgently needed to determine what gain-of-function this new model may represent for modeling the physiological and toxicological response of the liver to xenobiotics. Global proteomic profiling of undifferentiated and differentiated hepatic murine organoids and donor-matched livers was, therefore, performed to assess both their similarity to liver tissue, and the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters. This analysis quantified 4405 proteins across all sample types. Data are available via ProteomeXchange (PXD017986). Differentiation of organoids significantly increased the expression of multiple cytochrome P450, phase II enzymes, liver biomarkers and hepatic transporters. While the final phenotype of differentiated organoids is distinct from liver tissue, the organoids contain multiple drug metabolizing and transporter proteins necessary for liver function and drug metabolism, such as cytochrome P450 3A, glutathione-S-transferase alpha and multidrug resistance protein 1A. Indeed, the differentiated organoids were shown to exhibit increased sensitivity to midazolam (10–1000 µM) and irinotecan (1–100 µM), when compared to the undifferentiated organoids. The predicted reduced activity of HNF4A and a resulting dysregulation of RNA polymerase II may explain the partial differentiation of the organoids. Although further experimentation, optimization and characterization is needed relative to pre-existing models to fully contextualize their use as an in vitro model of drug-induced liver injury, hepatic organoids represent an attractive novel model of the response of the liver to xenobiotics. The current study also highlights the utility of global proteomic analyses for rapid and accurate evaluation of organoid-based test systems.

Alcohol and Multiple Drug Abuse in Accused Murderers

1983 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Holcomb ◽  
Wayne P. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drinking Alcohol ◽  
Capital Murder ◽  
Alcohol And Other Drugs

The effects of alcohol and multiple drug abuse on violent behavior were studied with a sample of 110 men charged with first degree or capital murder. Subjects were divided into four groups based upon whether they were sober, drinking alcohol, using alcohol and other drugs in combination, or whether they were abusing only non-alcoholic drugs at the time of the murder. These four groups were compared on 15 sociological, behavioral, and demographic variables. Nine of these variables significantly differentiated the groups. Recommendations for intervention and future research are made.

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