the Effect of Drug Abuse on the Duration of Acute Hospitalization in Schizophrenia

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
M.D. Ortega ◽  
N. Jimeno ◽  
M.L. Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Acute Hospitalization ◽  
Drug Induced Psychosis ◽  
The Moment

Aims:Drug-induced psychosis and drug abuse/dependence in schizophrenia are new clinical problems due to the increasing prevalence of drug consumption in this population. the objective is to know if the abuse/dependence of illegal drugs may influence the duration of acute hospitalization in schizophrenia.Method:It was conducted a retrospective cohort study on a sample of 256 acute hospitalizations of patients with schizophrenia and related disorders in Valladolid (Spain) between 2004 and 2006. at the moment of admission 82 patients had active drug abuse/dependence and 174 did not. A Cox proportional-hazards regression model was constructed considering drug abuse/dependence as predicting factor and length of stay as result variable.Results:The mean length of stay was 12.2 days (SD= 7.5) in the group without drug abuse/dependence and 7.7 days (SD= 29.0) in the drug group (means difference p=0.05). When abuse/dependence of drugs is present, the risk of discharge at any moment during the hospitalization increases in 34% (p=0.04). When Global Assessment of Functioning at the moment of admission is included in the regression model, the results remain significant (risk 35%, p=0.047). Clinical status at discharge was significantly better for the drug users group. Drug users were more frequently at his/her first hospitalization (58.2% versus 35.2%; p=0.001).Conclusion:In schizophrenia, abuse/dependence of drugs is associated with a 34% lower duration of acute hospitalization. This fact might be due to a relevant proportion of drug-induced psychosis who recovers earlier than idiopathic schizophrenia episodes.

Neuropsychology in the Differential Diagnosis of Dual Pathology: Schizophrenia and Drugs Abuse/Dependence

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L. Vargas ◽  
S. Lopez ◽  
A.M. del Brio ◽  
M.L. Fernandez ◽  
M.A. Franco
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Dual Pathology ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Drug Induced Psychosis

Aims:Dual diagnosis of schizophrenic disorders and drug abuse/dependence are increasing due to more frequent use of cannabis and cocaine. It is important to differentiate between primary schizophrenia with associate drug abuse/dependence and drug-induced psychosis. The objective is to detect neuropsychological differences between drug users and non-users in schizophrenia patients, which could be used as diagnostic tools.Method:We conduct one case-control study on 12 schizophrenia out-patients (10 male) with vital history of drug abuse/dependence (mainly cannabis and cocaine) and one control group of 18 schizophrenia out-patients (12 male) who never used illegal drugs (global age mean: 32.8 years; SD:7.2). It was applied one neuropsychological battery sensitive to the neuropsychological deficit frequent in schizophrenia: WAIS-III, BADS, WCST, Colour Trails, Trail Making A and B, BVRT, California Verbal Learning Test (spanish version: TAVEC). Variables was summarized determining Z values and principal components. It was constructed one Logistic Regression Model to determinate the better predicting model of drug use state.Results:The resultant model included two predictors: WAIS Perceptive Organization Index and Trails Component. The prediction formula for Ln Odd Ratio of drug abuse/dependence group is: -13.83 + 1.09 (Trails Z score) + 0.16 (WAIS Perceptive Organization Index). It explains for 63% of the variance (p = 0.001). The ROC curve for using in diagnose was constructed.Conclusion:Neuropsychological diagnosis can contribute to the differential diagnosis of schizophrenia in dual pathology. The better functioning in visual-spatial tasks increases the probability of psychosis related with drugs use.

scholarly journals Perfil epidemiológico das internações pelo uso/abuso de drogas na região centro-oeste de Minas Gerais

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 175-178
Author(s):  
Conrado Augusto Ferreira De Oliveira ◽  
Geralda De Moraes Teixeira ◽  
Vanessa Pereira Silva ◽  
Leandro Santos Ferreira ◽  
Richardson Miranda Machado
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Public System ◽  
Male Age ◽  
West Region ◽  
El Sistema

Resumo: O estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a hospitalização pelo uso/abuso de drogas. Estudo retrospectivo e exploratório realizado com 6.380 pacientes. Como resultados as características predominantes foram sexo masculino, idade 31-40 anos; hospitalizado pelar própria família e com tempo de permanência superior a 60 dias.O principal financiador das internações foi o sistema de saúde pública com 4.142 (64,4%) internações pagas. Conclui-se que o uso/abuso de drogas gera um maior grau de dependência e resulta em uma maior dificuldade em alcançar e manter a recuperação Portanto é importante o diagnóstico precoce para evitar hospitalizações e a gravidade dos casos.Descritores: Usuários de Drogas, Internação, EnfermagemEpidemiological profile of admissions by the use/abuse of drugs in the central-west region of Minas GeraisAbstract:The study aimed to characterize the hospitalization by the use/abuse of drugs. Retrospective and exploratory study conducted of 6380 patients. As a result the predominant features were male, age 31-40 years; hospitalized by family own with and length of stay exceeding 60 days. The main funder of hospitalizations was the health public system with 4142 (64,4%) paid admissions. Conclusion: Concluded that the use/drug abuse generates a higher level of dependence and results in a greater difficulty in achieving and maintaining recovery Therefore is important the early diagnosis to prevent hospitalizations and severity of cases.Descriptors: Drug Users, Hospitalization, NursingPerfil epidemiológico de los ingresos por el uso y abuso de drogas en la región centro-oeste de Minas GeraisResumen: Caracterizar las hospitalizaciones por el uso/abuso de drogas. Métodos: estudio retrospectivo, exploratorio que incluyó 6380 pacientes. Resultados: las características predominantes fueram hombres, edad 31-40 años, llevados al hospital por la propia familia y la duración de la internación superior a 60 dias. La principal fuente de financiación del hospitalización fue el sistema de salud pública, con 4.142 (64,4%) ingresos pagados. Conclusión: el uso/abuso de drogas genera un mayor grado de dependencia y se traduce en una mayor dificultad para lograr y mantener la recuperación. Por lo tanto es importante el diagnóstico precoz para prevenir las hospitalizaciones y la gravedad de los casos.Descriptores: Drogas, Hospitalización, Enfermería

scholarly journals Drug Abuse and Psychosis: New Insights into Drug-induced Psychosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suji Ham ◽  
Tae Kyoo Kim ◽  
Sooyoung Chung ◽  
Heh-In Im
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Drug Induced Psychosis

scholarly journals Primary psychosis with comorbid drug abuse and drug-induced psychosis: Diagnostic and clinical evolution at follow up

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Mauri ◽  
C. Di Pace ◽  
A. Reggiori ◽  
S. Paletta ◽  
A. Colasanti
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Clinical Evolution ◽  
Drug Induced Psychosis

scholarly journals 474. Battling Addiction: Impact of Intravenous Drug Use on Invasive Skin and Soft Tissue Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S232-S232
Author(s):  
Alison Ivey ◽  
Shannon Holt
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Empiric Therapy ◽  
Hospital Length ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Although skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs) remain a common cause of hospitalization for intravenous drug users (IVDU), little has been done to identify whether there should be differences in the SSTI management of IVDU vs. nonusers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of documented intravenous drug abuse on the overall management of invasive SSTIs in hospitalized patients. Methods This retrospective cohort study randomly selected 100 IVDU and 100 nonusers (controls) hospitalized for an SSTI over 18 months in a community teaching hospital. Patients eligible for inclusion were 18–60 years old and treated with IV inpatient antibiotics for at least 48 hours. Pregnant women, transfers from an outside hospital, and diabetic foot infections were excluded. The primary endpoint was hospital length of stay (LOS). Secondary endpoints included: percentage prescribed empiric combination antibiotic therapy, percentage prescribed an anti-pseudomonal agent, inpatient and total antibiotic duration of therapy (DOT), 30-day readmission rates, and 30-day emergency department (ED) visit rates. Results The study population was predominantly male (66%), Caucasian (72%), and had a mean age of 40 years old (18–59). IVDU were more likely to have complications (18% vs. 6%) and polymicrobial infections (19% vs. 2%), Mean hospital length of stay was 9.0 days for IVDU compared with 4.8 days for controls (P < 0.001). There was no difference in empiric combination therapy (48% vs. 37%; P = 0.115) or empiric exposure to an anti-pseudomonal agent (38% vs. 30%; P = 0.232). Mean duration of inpatient antibiotic DOT was longer in IVDU (7.5 days vs. 4.3 days; P < 0.001), but total antibiotic DOT was similar between groups (16.0 days vs. 13.8 days; P = 0.141). Thirty-day ED visits were higher for IVDU (16% vs. 5%; P = 0.009); however, there was no difference in 30-day readmission (14% vs. 16%; P = 0.692). Conclusion Documented IV drug abuse resulted in a significant increase in the length of stay in hospitalized adults with SSTIs requiring IV antibiotics. Exposure to combination therapy and anti-pseudomonal agents did not differ between the groups as would be expected. In the future stewardship initiatives are needed to increase adherence to SSTI guideline recommendations for empiric therapy. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Treatment of Drug-Induced Psychosis with Diphenylhydantoin†

1976 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 565-569
Author(s):  
O. I. Ifabumuyi ◽  
J. J. Jeffries
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Antiepileptic Drugs ◽  
Epileptiform Activity ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Hallucinogenic Drugs ◽  
Eeg Recordings ◽  
Drug Induced Psychosis

Summary This paper introduces an alternative to the major tranquilizers in the treatment of acute psychotic breakdown following multiple drug abuse. All the patients described had been taking hallucinogenic drugs for over five years. Only three of several successfully treated cases are described. Two of these cases were followed by EEG recordings, which did not show any localized epileptiform activity. The response to diphenylhydantoin is described both clinically and as recorded by EEG. An initial two-week period is necessary in order that the effects of the drugs can be demonstrated clinically or on EEG tracing. It cannot be concluded from this that the antiepileptic drugs are the drugs of choice in drug-induced psychosis; but, diphenylhydantoin has shown dramatic effectiveness in these previously refractory cases. In view of the response, some abnormal cerebral discharge from an as yet undiscovered locus may be involved in the pathogenesis of drug-induced hallucinations.

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