Neuropsychology in the Differential Diagnosis of Dual Pathology: Schizophrenia and Drugs Abuse/Dependence

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L. Vargas ◽  
S. Lopez ◽  
A.M. del Brio ◽  
M.L. Fernandez ◽  
M.A. Franco
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Dual Pathology ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Drug Induced Psychosis

Aims:Dual diagnosis of schizophrenic disorders and drug abuse/dependence are increasing due to more frequent use of cannabis and cocaine. It is important to differentiate between primary schizophrenia with associate drug abuse/dependence and drug-induced psychosis. The objective is to detect neuropsychological differences between drug users and non-users in schizophrenia patients, which could be used as diagnostic tools.Method:We conduct one case-control study on 12 schizophrenia out-patients (10 male) with vital history of drug abuse/dependence (mainly cannabis and cocaine) and one control group of 18 schizophrenia out-patients (12 male) who never used illegal drugs (global age mean: 32.8 years; SD:7.2). It was applied one neuropsychological battery sensitive to the neuropsychological deficit frequent in schizophrenia: WAIS-III, BADS, WCST, Colour Trails, Trail Making A and B, BVRT, California Verbal Learning Test (spanish version: TAVEC). Variables was summarized determining Z values and principal components. It was constructed one Logistic Regression Model to determinate the better predicting model of drug use state.Results:The resultant model included two predictors: WAIS Perceptive Organization Index and Trails Component. The prediction formula for Ln Odd Ratio of drug abuse/dependence group is: -13.83 + 1.09 (Trails Z score) + 0.16 (WAIS Perceptive Organization Index). It explains for 63% of the variance (p = 0.001). The ROC curve for using in diagnose was constructed.Conclusion:Neuropsychological diagnosis can contribute to the differential diagnosis of schizophrenia in dual pathology. The better functioning in visual-spatial tasks increases the probability of psychosis related with drugs use.

the Effect of Drug Abuse on the Duration of Acute Hospitalization in Schizophrenia

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
M.D. Ortega ◽  
N. Jimeno ◽  
M.L. Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Acute Hospitalization ◽  
Drug Induced Psychosis ◽  
The Moment

Aims:Drug-induced psychosis and drug abuse/dependence in schizophrenia are new clinical problems due to the increasing prevalence of drug consumption in this population. the objective is to know if the abuse/dependence of illegal drugs may influence the duration of acute hospitalization in schizophrenia.Method:It was conducted a retrospective cohort study on a sample of 256 acute hospitalizations of patients with schizophrenia and related disorders in Valladolid (Spain) between 2004 and 2006. at the moment of admission 82 patients had active drug abuse/dependence and 174 did not. A Cox proportional-hazards regression model was constructed considering drug abuse/dependence as predicting factor and length of stay as result variable.Results:The mean length of stay was 12.2 days (SD= 7.5) in the group without drug abuse/dependence and 7.7 days (SD= 29.0) in the drug group (means difference p=0.05). When abuse/dependence of drugs is present, the risk of discharge at any moment during the hospitalization increases in 34% (p=0.04). When Global Assessment of Functioning at the moment of admission is included in the regression model, the results remain significant (risk 35%, p=0.047). Clinical status at discharge was significantly better for the drug users group. Drug users were more frequently at his/her first hospitalization (58.2% versus 35.2%; p=0.001).Conclusion:In schizophrenia, abuse/dependence of drugs is associated with a 34% lower duration of acute hospitalization. This fact might be due to a relevant proportion of drug-induced psychosis who recovers earlier than idiopathic schizophrenia episodes.

Early effect of thalamotomy on cognitive function in patients with Parkinson’s disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward J. Gorzelańczyk ◽  
Dorota Ackermann-Szulgit ◽  
Marek Kunc ◽  
Marek Harat ◽  
Piotr Walecki
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Early Effect ◽  
Visual Spatial

Abstract Thalamotomy is a neurosurgical procedure used in the treatment of advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD). The aim of our research is to evaluate the early impact of a lesion in the ventrointermedial nucleus (VIM) of the thalamus on cognitive and motor function in people with PD. Sixty patients who qualified for right- or left-sided VIM thalamotomy were involved in the study. The cognitive and motor functions of each patient were assessed both prior to and following the surgical procedure. Twenty-nine PD patients without ablative treatment were qualified for the comparison group, and 57 neurologically healthy individuals were assigned to the control group. The following tests were carried out: Mini Mental State Examination, Benton Visual Retention Test, Stroop Color and Word Test, Trail Making Test A&B, and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test. Statistically significant differences were found in reaction time, visual-spatial working memory, auditory-verbal memory, and overall level of cognitive function when comparing the results of tests carried out before and after thalamotomy and when comparing patients who had undergone surgery with untreated or healthy individuals. In patients with right-sided and left-sided thalamotomy differences were also found in the mean number of perseverative errors and recalled words.

scholarly journals Drug Abuse and Psychosis: New Insights into Drug-induced Psychosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suji Ham ◽  
Tae Kyoo Kim ◽  
Sooyoung Chung ◽  
Heh-In Im
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Drug Induced Psychosis

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Cognitive Restructuring Techniques to Improve of Comprehension of Drug Abusers Among Student

10.32698/0882 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Amri Love Lindra ◽  
Yeni Karneli ◽  
Marlina Marlina
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cognitive Restructuring ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Drug Abusers ◽  
Equivalent Control ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Experimental Group

Incorrect understanding of the dangers of drug abuse makes adolescents underestimate the dangers of drug abuse. Most drug users in adolescence, because adolescents have unstable and easily influenced characteristics and great curiosity. Drug use by adolescents in the early stages is trying to the stage of addiction. The purpose of this study is to look at the effectiveness of cognitive restructuring techniques in increasing understanding of the dangers of student drug abuse. This study uses in the form of a pseudo experimental design of The Non-Equivalent Control Group with pretest and posttest. The subjects of the study were students of class X TKR at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Padang with a sample of 20 people divided into 2 groups consisting of 10 people as the experimental group and 10 people as the control group. The sampling technique with purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed ranks test and Kolmogorov Smirnov two independent samples. The results of this study, concluded that cognitive restructuring techniques are effective in increasing understanding of the dangers of student drug abuse.

Training Specific Attentiveness Functions to Improve Professional and Social Reintegration of Young Schizophrenic Patients with Multiple Drug Abuse

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
H.J. Kunert ◽  
H.-J. Schatten ◽  
F. Löhrer
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Psychiatric Rehabilitation ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Phasic Alertness ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

Statement of the problem:Recent studies have conclusively proven the effectiveness of cognitive training in the context of psychiatric rehabilitation. Examinations on young schizophrenic drug users are yet to be done, although it could be shown that most of these patients are likely to relapse, abandon therapy and show untreated social adaptation disorders if existing cognitive functional deficits are not treated appropriately.Method:Pre-post examinations were done on 35 schizophrenic drug users (mean age 26±8 years; 27/8 men) to assess various attentiveness functions (i.e. alertness, divided attentiveness, visual scanning) before and after computerised attentiveness training (CURE therapy system, Siemens (NCSys)). Patient results were compared to those of a control group matched for age, education, illness characteristics and current medication which did not undergo cognitive training. Cognitive training lasted 6 weeks. At the same time, patients were assessed using standardised scales to determine whether their performance improved after work therapy.Results:Computerised attentiveness training led to significant improvement (>30%; p< .05) in everyday attentiveness functions (tonic and phasic alertness, divided attentiveness) as did work therapy (precision, endurance), although some patient subgroups are different in their course of therapy.Discussion:Training specific attentiveness functions helps improve rehabilitation of young schizophrenic patients with multiple drug abuse. Subgroup effects may also be of clinical relevance.

scholarly journals Primary psychosis with comorbid drug abuse and drug-induced psychosis: Diagnostic and clinical evolution at follow up

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Mauri ◽  
C. Di Pace ◽  
A. Reggiori ◽  
S. Paletta ◽  
A. Colasanti
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Clinical Evolution ◽  
Drug Induced Psychosis

Training of attentiveness in young schizophrenic patients with multiple drug abuse

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 70-70
Author(s):  
H.J. Kunert ◽  
Y. Goldberg ◽  
F. Tuchtenhagen
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Psychiatric Rehabilitation ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Phasic Alertness ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

Statement of the problemRecent studies have conclusively proven the effectiveness of cognitive training in the context of psychiatric rehabilitation. Examinations on young schizophrenic multiple drug users are yet to be done, although it could be shown that most of these patients are likely to relapse, abandon therapy and show untreated social adaptation disorders if existing cognitive functional deficits are not treated appropriately.MethodPre-post examinations were done on 80 schizophrenic drug users (mean age 26±4 years) to assess various attentiveness functions (i.e. alertness, crossmodal integration, divided attentiveness, flexibility, working memory, go nogo, visual scanning) before and after computerised attentiveness training (CURE therapy system, Siemens (NCSys)). Patient results were compared to those of a control group matched for age, education, illness characteristics and current medication which did not undergo cognitive training. Cognitive training lasted 10 weeks.ResultsComputerised attentiveness training led to significant (>30%) improvement in everyday attentiveness functions (tonic and phasic alertness, divided attentiveness), although some patient subgroups are different in their course of therapy.DiscussionTraining specific attentiveness functions helps improve rehabilitation of young schizophrenic patients with multiple drug abuse. Subgroup effects may also be of clinical relevance.

scholarly journals The Empowerment of Dasa Wisma as Partners in the Prevention and Control of Drug Abuse in Teenagers in Ratu Agung Sub-District of Bengkulu City

2021 ◽  
pp. 842-856
Author(s):  
Ida Samidah ◽  
. Susiwati
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Drug Abuse Prevention ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
A Value ◽  
And Control

Teenagers are a vulnerable demographic with regards to the risk of becoming drug users. The high levels of drug abuse at a young age in Indonesia are a growing source of concern. Effective drug abuse prevention needs to start with primary prevention by individuals, families, groups and communities. This study evaluates the empowerment of Dasa Wisma and the homestead program, to identify the influence of the empowerment of Dasa Wisma through partnership on the effectiveness of anti-drug cadres and families in the Ratu Agung Sub-district of Bengkulu City. This research type is quantitative with quasi-experimental design. The design used was pre-test and post-test with control group design (quasi-experiment with control). While the treatment group who felt empowered counted 34.78%, the control group only 12.5% felt empowered, with P value = 0.00. The empowerment of Dasa Wisma affects knowledge, attitude, perception, religiosity, use of spare time, peer group, family harmony and family communication with value P = 0.00. It also affects the liveliness of anti-drug cadres with a value of P = 0.008. Dasa Wisma affects the family activeness in the prevention and control of drugs in teenagers with a value of P = 0.00. Conclusion: it can be concluded that the empowerment of Dasa Wisma as a partner in Ratu Agung sub-district of Bengkulu affects the prevention and tackling of drug abuse in teenagers, either by anti-drug cadres or by family.   Keywords: Empowerment, Dasa Wisma, partner, drugs

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