Controversial Issues of the Pharmacotherapy of the Hyperactive Child

1981 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 385-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Large Body ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Hyperactive Child ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Effect ◽  
Hyperactive Children ◽  
Clinical Questions ◽  
Theoretical Issues

This paper, which forms part of a symposium on Paediatric Psychopharmacology, selects for discussion certain practical and theoretical issues related to the use of Stimulant Therapy for Hyperactive Children. The particular issues selected relate to important clinical questions, most of which have been the focus of recent research. Amongst the controversial issues chosen for discussion is the fact that while the short term effect of stimulants on symptoms of the hyperactive syndrome is well established, the long term efficacy and the effect of stimulants on improving the prognosis of this syndrome remains uncertain. It is concluded that the large body of research on the use of stimulants for hyperactive children has finally answered some long standing questions, but many gaps of knowledge remain and further research is required.

Analisis Pengaruh Perdagangan Internasional terhadap GDP (Gross Domestic Product) Indonesia (Periode 2011-2016)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
ANDI TRIYAWAN ◽  
Amalia Syafira Novitasari
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Effect

The purpose of this study were determine: (1) The short term effect of export and import of Indonesia years 2011-2016, (2) The most dominant variable which affect to GDP (Gross Domestic Product) of Indonesia years 2011-2016. The data were collection of this study is taken from BPS. Meanwhile, the data were collected throught documentation. Based on regrecy, it’s known that internasional trade affects negatively and significantly to the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) either long term or short term.

Raising a Hyperactive Child, edited by Mark A. Stewart, M.D., and Sally Wendkos Olds (New York, Harper & Row, 1973, 299 pp, $8.95)

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 590-590
Author(s):  
Alex P. Mowat
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Hyperactive Child ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Follow Up Studies ◽  
Hyperactive Children

Pediatricians involved in helping parents of hyperactive children can recommend to them this readable, authoritative manual which by its positive, enthusiastic, but realistic tone will help them deal with difficulties presented by such children. They will find detailed advice on practical methods of influencing their children and their behavior to make life less trying for all in the short term and perhaps even in the long term. The lack of understanding of the basic cause of this abnormality of temperament and the absence of follow-up studies showing that the recommended management has beneficial long-term effects are conceded by the authors as limiting the authority of the text.

scholarly journals Interactive patient education via an audience response system in cardiac rehabilitation

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 205031212094211
Author(s):  
Dietrich Stoevesandt ◽  
Andreas Weber ◽  
Andreas Wienke ◽  
Steffi Bethge ◽  
Viktoria Heinze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Patient Education ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Audience Response System ◽  
Audience Response ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Effect ◽  
Response System

Objectives: Patient education and compliance play an important role in the success of rehabilitation in cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study is to analyze whether interactive learning methods, in this study, the audience response system with a “clicker,” can improve the learning success of patients during and after their rehabilitation process. Methods: In a randomized, prospective cohort study, a total of 260 patients were randomized to either an interactive training group using Athens audience response system or to a control group without the use of audience response system during the educational sessions. Patients were taught and tested on four different topics concerning their primary disease: heart failure, arterial hypertension, prevention of cardiovascular diseases, and coronary heart disease. After each session, the patients had to answer questions on the previously taught topics via questionnaires. These questions were asked again at the day of discharge, as well as 3 and 12 months after discharge. Additional information on the patients’ health, plus their mental status, was gathered with the help of further questionnaires (HADS and SF-12). Results: A total of 260 patients (201 men and 59 women) were recruited. The patients were on average 61.1 ± 11 years old. A significant short-term effect on the patients’ knowledge about their disease was found immediately after the educational sessions in the intervention group. However, there was no long-term effect in either the intervention or control group. Although there was no statistical significance found in any of the observations, a positive short-term effect on learning capacity as well as positive trends in mental and physical health after discharge could be found in patients after the use of audience response system during their rehabilitation. Conclusion: This study provides interesting and new data on the use of an interactive learning method for patients to gain knowledge about their primary disease and eventually improve their physical and mental health status in a long-term perspective. By implementing different and new ways of teaching and interaction during the hospitalization, not only patients, but also medical staff and caregivers could benefit.

scholarly journals Short-Term Effect of Induced Alterations in Testosterone Levels on Fasting Plasma Amino Acid Levels in Healthy Young Men

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1276
Author(s):  
K. Barbara Sahlin ◽  
Indira Pla ◽  
Jéssica de Siqueira Guedes ◽  
Krzysztof Pawłowski ◽  
Roger Appelqvist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Short Term Effect ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Amino Acid Levels

Long term effect of testosterone (T) deficiency impairs metabolism and is associated with muscle degradation and metabolic disease. The association seems to have a bidirectional nature and is not well understood. The present study aims to investigate the early and unidirectional metabolic effect of induced T changes by measuring fasting amino acid (AA) levels in a human model, in which short-term T alterations were induced. We designed a human model of 30 healthy young males with pharmacologically induced T changes, which resulted in three time points for blood collection: (A) baseline, (B) low T (3 weeks post administration of gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonist) and (C) restored T (2 weeks after injection of T undecanoate). The influence of T on AAs was analyzed by spectrophotometry on plasma samples. Levels of 9 out of 23 AAs, of which 7 were essential AAs, were significantly increased at low T and are restored upon T supplementation. Levels of tyrosine and phenylalanine were most strongly associated to T changes. Short-term effect of T changes suggests an increased protein breakdown that is restored upon T supplementation. Fasting AA levels are able to monitor the early metabolic changes induced by the T fluctuations.

scholarly journals Modulatory factors in the effect of energy density on energy intake

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (S1) ◽  
pp. S35-S39 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Westerterp-Plantenga
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Restraint ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Effect ◽  
Portion Sizes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The effect of energy density (ED) on energy intake (EI) has been assessed in short-term and long-term experiments. In the short term, it was found that ED affects EI directly in situations when the subjects cannot estimate the ED of the food; then subjects mainly monitor the weight of the food ingested. In the long term, the effects of ED on EI are modulated. Average daily EI appears to be related to ED of the food and drinks when ED is determined by specific macronutrients, but not when ED is only determined by the weight of water. Thus, the short-term effect ED has on EI cannot be extrapolated to the long term, because a possible dominating effect of the weight of water determining ED undoes the relationship of ED with EI. Moreover, in the long-term portion sizes are used to compensate for correctly estimated ED, resulting in less variation in EI than ED alone would imply. Finally, dietary restraint compensates for the effect of a relatively high ED on daily EI, whereas dietary unrestraint compensates for the effect of relatively low ED on daily EI. We conclude that the short-term effect of ED on EI is modulated by the effect of water on ED, and compensated for by the effect of dietary restraint and adapted portion sizes.

A Newspaper’s Effect on the Strength of Automatic Associations in Memory

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Arendt
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Implicit Measure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Short Term Effect ◽  
Automatic Associations ◽  
Foreign Nationality ◽  
The Impact

A test was done to see if reading a newspaper which consistently overrepresents foreigners as criminals strengthens the automatic association between foreign country and criminal in memory (i.e., implicit cultivation). Further, an investigation was done to find out if reading articles from the same newspaper produces a short-term effect on the same measure and if (1) emotionalization of the newspaper texts, (2) emotional reactions of the reader (indicated by arousal), and (3) attributed text credibility moderate the short-term treatment effect. Eighty-five participants were assigned to one of three experimental conditions. Participants in the control group received short factual crime texts, where the nationality of the offender was not mentioned. Participants in the factual treatment group received the same texts, but the foreign nationality was mentioned. Participants in the emotionalized treatment group received emotionalized articles (i.e., texts which are high in vividness and frequency) covering the same crimes, with the foreign nationality mentioned. Supporting empirical evidence for implicit cultivation and a short-term effect was found. However, only emotionalized articles produced a short-term effect on the strength of the automatic association, indicating that newspaper texts must have a minimum of stimulus intensity to overcome an effect threshold. There were no moderating effects of arousal or credibility pertaining to the impact on the implicit measure. However, credibility moderated the short-term effect on a first-order judgment (i.e., estimated frequency of foreigners of all criminals). This indicates that a newspaper’s effect on the strength of automatic associations is relatively independent from processes of propositional reasoning.

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