Fidelity of Implementation in the Field of Learning Disabilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Hagermoser Sanetti ◽  
Hao-Jan Luh
Keyword(s):  
Implementation Science ◽  
Student Outcomes ◽  
Intervention Development ◽  
State Level ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Students With Ld ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Service Sectors

Decades of research and billions of dollars have been spent to develop and evaluate evidence-based interventions and develop multitiered systems of support (MTSS) toward the goal of more effectively delivering interventions and improving student outcomes. Available evidence, however, suggests interventions are often adopted slowly and delivered with poor fidelity, resulting in uninspiring outcomes for students. The field of implementation science has emerged to address the science-to-practice gap in human service sectors (e.g., education) as a way of improving service recipient (e.g., student) outcomes. For the considerable investment in school-based intervention development and evaluation to have a significant public health impact for students, educators must integrate key findings from implementation science into their practice and research. Toward this end, the purpose of this article is four-fold. First, it overviews implementation science and implementation theories, models, and frameworks. Second, it discusses the relevance of implementation science and fidelity to both the systems-level implementation of MTSS and individual-level implementation of interventions to students with learning disability (LD). Third, it reviews the unique legal aspects related to service implementation for students with LD and the gap between state-level mandates and available science. Finally, it provides additional resources and recommendations for readers.

scholarly journals Associations Between State Intimate Partner Violence-Related Firearm Policies and Injuries Among Women and Men Who Experience Intimate Partner Violence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiara C. Willie ◽  
Trace Kershaw ◽  
Rachel Perler ◽  
Amy Caplon ◽  
Marina Katague ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
State Level ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Climate Index ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Firearm Policy

Abstract Background: Comprehensive state firearm policies related to intimate partner violence (IPV) may have a significant public health impact on non-lethal IPV-related injuries. Research indicates that more restrictive firearm policies may reduce risk for intimate partner homicide, however it is unclear whether firearm policies prevent or reduce the risk of non-lethal IPV-related injuries. This study sought to examine associations between state-level policies and injuries among U.S. IPV survivors.Methods: Individual-level data were drawn from the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey, a nationally-representative study of noninstitutionalized adults. State-level data were drawn from a firearm policy compendium. Multivariable regressions were used to test associations of an IPV firearm policy climate index, as well as individual policies, with non-fatal IPV-related injuries (N=6,565). Results: On average, states had 2 IPV-related firearm policies (range 0 to 6). Overall, IPV-related firearm policy climate was associated with lower odds of experiencing injuries (aOR[95% CI]= .95[.91, .98]). Three specific policies were associated with IPV-related injuries. Individuals who reported IPV and live in states that required firearm surrender of persons convicted of IPV-related misdemeanors (aOR[95% CI]=.78 [.64, .95]), prohibited firearms to persons subject to IPV-related protective orders (aOR[95% CI]=.82[.68, .97]) and convicted of stalking (aOR[95% CI]=.77[.64, .92]) had lower odds of experiencing injuries than individuals living in states without these policies. Conclusions: Restrictive state firearm policies regarding IPV may provide unique opportunities to protect IPV survivors from injuries.

scholarly journals Associations between state intimate partner violence-related firearm policies and injuries among women and men who experience intimate partner violence

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiara C. Willie ◽  
Trace Kershaw ◽  
Rachel Perler ◽  
Amy Caplon ◽  
Marina Katague ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
State Level ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Representative Study ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Men Survivors

Abstract Background Comprehensive state firearm policies related to intimate partner violence (IPV) may have a significant public health impact on non-lethal IPV-related injuries. Research indicates that more restrictive firearm policies may reduce risk for intimate partner homicide, however it is unclear whether firearm policies prevent or reduce the risk of non-lethal IPV-related injuries. This study sought to examine associations between state-level policies and injuries among U.S. IPV survivors. Methods Individual-level data were drawn from the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey, a nationally-representative study of noninstitutionalized adults. State-level data were drawn from a firearm policy compendium. Multivariable regressions were used to test associations of individual policies with non-fatal IPV-related injuries (N = 5493). Regression models were also conducted to explore differences in the policy-injury associations among women and men survivors. Results Three categories of policies were associated with IPV-related injuries. The odds of injuries was lower for IPV survivors living in states that prohibited firearm possession and require firearm relinquishment among persons convicted of IPV-related misdemeanors (aOR [95% CI] = .76 [.59, .97]); prohibited firearm possession and require firearm relinquishment among persons subject to IPV-related restraining orders (aOR [95% CI] = .81 [.66, .98]); and prohibited firearm possession among convicted of stalking (aOR [95% CI] = .82 [.68, .98]) than IPV survivors living in states without these policies. There was a significant difference between women and men survivors in the association between IPV-related misdemeanors policy and injuries (B [SE] = .60 [.29]), such that the association was stronger for men survivors (aOR [95% CI] = .10 [.06, .17]) than women survivors (aOR [95% CI] = .60 [.48, .76]). Conclusions Restrictive state firearm policies regarding IPV may provide unique opportunities to protect IPV survivors from injuries.

scholarly journals Applying the Lessons of Implementation Science to Maximize Feasibility and Usability in Team Science Intervention Development

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Betsy Rolland ◽  
Felice Resnik ◽  
Sarah D. Hohl ◽  
LaKaija J. Johnson ◽  
Mondira Saha-Muldowney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Implementation Science ◽  
Intervention Development ◽  
Team Science ◽  
Science Intervention

State- and Individual-Level Predictors of Mexican Death Penalty Support

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 1590-1611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander H. Updegrove ◽  
Erin A. Orrick
Keyword(s):  
Death Penalty ◽  
Capital Punishment ◽  
Mexican Immigrants ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Future Practice ◽  
Insight Into

Mexico exerts a unique influence on Texas through immigration. As immigrants bring perspectives from their country of origin when they immigrate, studying attitudes toward capital punishment in Mexico may provide insight into ways Mexican immigrants could affect its future practice in Texas. Multilevel modeling is used to examine individual- and state-level predictors of death penalty support among a nationally representative sample of Mexicans. Results indicate age and Catholic affiliation are associated with death penalty support, although not in the expected directions, whereas states bordering the United States are less likely to support capital punishment, despite experiencing less overall peace and a higher average homicide rate. Findings suggest the need for researchers to use culture-specific factors to predict death penalty support.

scholarly journals Leveraging Implementation Science to Address Health Disparities in Genomic Medicine: Examples from the Field

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 187-192
Author(s):  
Megan C. Roberts ◽  
George A. Mensah ◽  
Muin J. Khoury
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Implementation Science ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Genomic Medicine ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Cancer Syndrome ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
Multi Stakeholder

The integration of genomic data into screen­ing, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment for clinical and public health practices has been slow and challenging. Implementa­tion science can be applied in tackling the barriers and challenges as well as exploring opportunities and best practices for integrat­ing genomic data into routine clinical and public health practice. In this article, we de­fine the state of disparities in genomic medi­cine and focus predominantly on late-stage research findings. We use case studies from genetic testing for cardiovascular diseases (familial hypercholesterolemia) and cancer (Lynch syndrome and hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome) in high-risk populations to consider current disparities and related barriers in turning genomic advances into population health impact to advance health equity. Finally, we address how implementation science can address these translational barriers and we discuss the strategic importance of collaborative multi-stakeholder approaches that engage public health agencies, professional societ­ies, academic health and research centers, community clinics, and patients and their families to work collectively to improve population health and reduce or eliminate health inequities.Ethn Dis. 2019;29(Suppl 1):187-192; doi:10.18865/ed.29.S1.187.

The Economic Roots of External Efficacy: Assessing the Relationship between External Political Efficacy and Income Inequality

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 791-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikel Norris
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
National Level ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Efficacy ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractExternal political efficacy, the belief that government is responsive to the demands of its citizens, has been declining in the United States since the 1960s. However, scholars do not yet fully understand the reasons for its decline. Nor have they found suitable explanations for why it fluctuates within the electorate. Drawing on the growing literature on the effects of income inequality on public policy, I posit that increasing income inequality factors into the decline of external political efficacy. Using multilevel regression models accounting for individual and contextual factors, I find increasing state-level income inequality has a substantial negative effect on external political efficacy. It is greater than most state and national-level economic measures or individual-level variables on external political efficacy. These results have important implications both for research on income inequality and political participation and also for research on income inequality and distributional public policy.

Dilemmas of Distrust: Conspiracy Beliefs, Elite Rhetoric, and Motivated Reasoning

2021 ◽  
pp. 106591292110345
Author(s):  
Scott Radnitz
Keyword(s):  
Relative Weight ◽  
State Level ◽  
Motivated Reasoning ◽  
Political Rhetoric ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Conspiracy Beliefs ◽  
The Individual

Conspiracy theories are playing an increasingly prominent role worldwide in both political rhetoric and popular belief. Previous research has emphasized the individual-level factors behind conspiracy belief but paid less attention to the role of elite framing, while focusing mostly on domestic political contexts. This study assesses the relative weight of official conspiracy claims and motivated biases in producing conspiracy beliefs, in two countries where identities other than partisanship are salient: Georgia and Kazakhstan. I report the results of a survey experiment that depicts a possible conspiracy and varies the content of official claims and relevant contextual details. The results show that motivated reasoning stemming from state-level geopolitical identities is strongly associated with higher conspiracy belief, whereas official claims have little effect on people’s perceptions of conspiracy. Respondents who exhibit higher conspiracy ideation are more likely to perceive a conspiracy but do not weight motivated biases or official claims differently from people with lower conspiratorial predispositions. The findings indicate the importance of (geopolitical) identities in shaping conspiracy beliefs and highlight some of the constraints facing elites who seek to benefit from the use of conspiracy claims.

New Technology Communication in American State Governments

2012 ◽  
pp. 1806-1823
Author(s):  
Hyun Jung Yun ◽  
Cynthia Opheim
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
New Technology ◽  
State Level ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Political Exclusion ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Combined Data

This study examines the effects of states’ e-government efforts, more specifically the progress of e-service and e-democracy, on citizens’ general political engagement and electoral participation. Utilizing the combined data with the state level of West’s e-Government measures (2008) and the individual level of the 2008 American Election Study, this study finds a strong link between state sponsored efforts at e-Government and traditional forms of the public’s political participation. State sponsored digital services and outreach increase general political participation more than campaign activities, and the implementation of e-democracy has a greater effect on mobilization than e-service. The results imply that e-government has potential to ameliorate political exclusion by letting the politically disadvantaged access a higher quality of information with an equalized accessibility through state governments’ electronic systems.

New Technology Communication in American State Governments

2012 ◽  
pp. 573-590
Author(s):  
Hyun Jung Yun ◽  
Cynthia Opheim
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
New Technology ◽  
State Level ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Political Exclusion ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Combined Data

This study examines the effects of states’ e-government efforts, more specifically the progress of e-service and e-democracy, on citizens’ general political engagement and electoral participation. Utilizing the combined data with the state level of West’s e-Government measures (2008) and the individual level of the 2008 American Election Study, this study finds a strong link between state sponsored efforts at e-Government and traditional forms of the public’s political participation. State sponsored digital services and outreach increase general political participation more than campaign activities, and the implementation of e-democracy has a greater effect on mobilization than e-service. The results imply that e-government has potential to ameliorate political exclusion by letting the politically disadvantaged access a higher quality of information with an equalized accessibility through state governments’ electronic systems.

scholarly journals Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Skin Cancers: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Hodorogea ◽  
Andreea Calinescu ◽  
Mihaela Antohe ◽  
Mihaela Balaban ◽  
Roxana Ioana Nedelcu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Cytoskeletal Proteins ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Epithelial Phenotype

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is involved in physiologic processes such as embryogenesis and wound healing. A similar mechanism occurs in some tumors where cells leave the epithelial layer and gain mesenchymal particularities in order to easily migrate to other tissues. This process can explain the invasiveness and aggressiveness of these tumors which metastasize, by losing the epithelial phenotype (loss of E-cadherin, desmoplakin, and laminin-1) and acquiring mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin). Complex changes and interactions happen between the tumor cells and the microenvironment involving different pathways, transcription factors, altered expression of adhesion molecules, reorganization of cytoskeletal proteins, production of ECM-degrading enzymes, and changes in specific microRNAs. The purpose of this review is to determine particularities of the EMT process in the most common malignant cutaneous tumors (squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and melanoma) which still have an increasingly high incidence. More studies are required on this topic in order to establish clear correlations. High costs related to skin cancer therapies in general as well as high impact on patients’ quality of life demand finding new, reliable prognostic and therapeutic markers with significant public health impact.

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