Individual Differences in Word-Level Skills and Paragraph Reading Comprehension in a (Semi-) Transparent Orthography

2020 ◽  
pp. 073194872096366
Author(s):  
Tatiana Logvinenko ◽  
Connor Cheek ◽  
Shiva Khalaf ◽  
Natalia Prikhoda ◽  
Marina A. Zhukova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reading Instruction ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Teaching Reading ◽  
School Students ◽  
Mass System ◽  
Universal System ◽  
Transparent Orthography ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Teaching Of Reading

Research into reading difficulties in Russian has been taking place for about a century, since the 1920s. Early research established a line of studies on reading acquisition difficulties in the context of highly structured practices of teaching reading. These practices were propagated in the mid-late 19th century by Konstantin Ushinskii, who designed a mass system for the directed teaching of reading in Russian based on the mastery of spoken Russian (namely its phonics, phonology, orthography, and morphology). During the Soviet period, this approach was packaged in a universal system that included programs for children and adults, and appears to have been responsible for the high literacy rates (i.e., near 100%) at the end of the last century. In the 1990s, an explosion of diverse reading programs surfaced, claiming to offer a contrast to the Ushinskii system’s universal but “boring” content. Nevertheless, the Ushinskii system regained popularity in the early years of the 21st century. Reincarnated and modernized, it once again constitutes the foundation of reading instruction in Russian schools. This article investigates the distribution of various reading-related skills among Russian primary-school students (Grades 2–4) in the context of this universally strong approach to teaching reading.

TEACHING READING COMPREHENSION BY USING DIRECTED ACTIVITIES RELATED TO TEXT (DRTA) FOR THE STUDENTS

Jurnal KATA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Niza Syaveny
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Teaching Reading ◽  
Foreign Language Reading ◽  
Teaching Of Reading ◽  
Expert Theory ◽  
Reading Activities ◽  
Source Of Information

<p><em>Membaca merupakan keterampilan yang harus dikuasai oleh siswa dalam belajar bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa asing. Membaca tidak hanya melihat atau membaca apa yang tertulis namun juga memahami isi bacaan sehingga pembaca memperoleh ilmu serta informasi dari bacaan tersebut. Beberapa komponen membaca yang dikemukakan oleh para ahli, seperti pemahaman ide pokok, ide pendukung, kosakata, serta tata bahasa, membuat guru harus cermat dalam mengaplikasikan metode dalam mengajar bahasa Inggris khususnya membaca. Directed Activities related to Text (DART) merupakan metode mengajar yang dapat diaplikasikan dalam kegiatan membaca. Metode ini diaplikasikan melalui aktivitas rekonstruksi dan analisis. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah mendeskripsikan cara pengajaran membaca melalui metode DART. Penulisan merujuk kepada kajian kepustakaan yang mendukung teori DART dalam pengajaran membaca. Dengan adanya informasi mengenai DART yang didukung oleh teori para ahli, dapat dijadikan sumber informasi tentang metode pengajaran bahasa Inggris khususnya membaca yang dapat diterapkan oleh guru di sekolah menengah.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p>Reading is a skill that must be mastered by students in learning English as a foreign language. Reading not only see or read what is written but also understand the contents of the reading therefore the readers get the knowledge and information from the text. Some reading components are suggested by experts, such as understanding the main idea, supporting ideas, vocabulary, and grammar, it makes the teachers must be careful in applying methods in teaching English, especially reading. Directed Activities related to Text (DART) is a teaching method that can be applied in reading activities. This method is applied through reconstruction and analysis activities. The purpose of writing this article is to describe how teaching of reading through the DART method. The article support by a literature review  of DART theory in teaching reading. The information about of DART supported by expert theory, it can be used as a source of information about English teaching methods especially reading that can be applied by teachers in high school.</p><p><em><br /></em></p>

Initial Reading Instruction: Phonemes, Syllables, or Ideographs?

1976 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Harrigan
Keyword(s):  
Reading Instruction ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Early Learning ◽  
Great Difficulty ◽  
Teaching Reading ◽  
Learning To Read ◽  
American Children ◽  
Initial Reading

In an experiment similar to that of Rozin's (1971), Chinese ideographs were taught to a group of American children having great difficulty learning to read English by the phonemic approach. The quick and sure learning of the ideographs suggests we should explore less abstract, less phonemic approaches to the initial phase of teaching reading in the hope of facilitating early learning. Because English is mapped through syllable sounds, a syllable introduction is suggested as the best initial step, later introducing phonemes as syllable building blocks.

Increasing Secondary Students’ Comprehension Through Explicit Attention to Narrative Text Structure

2021 ◽  
pp. 004005992110255
Author(s):  
Whitney Sommers Butler ◽  
Casey Hord ◽  
Susan Watts-Taffe
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Reading Instruction ◽  
Secondary Students ◽  
Text Structure ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Students With Learning Disabilities ◽  
Narrative Texts ◽  
School Students

In spite of the prevailing assumption that formal reading instruction is no longer needed once adolescents reach high school, students at the secondary level still benefit from explicit reading instruction to continue developing advanced literacy skills enabling them to access complex narrative texts. This article argues for the importance of teachers to scrutinize the texts they plan to teach to determine what instruction and supports are needed to promote reading comprehension for students with learning disabilities. Specifically, this article examines how nonlinear text structures can challenge adolescent reading comprehension and illustrates explicit text structure instruction with three exemplar texts which use unconventional narrative patterns. The article emphasizes the importance of considering the qualitative features of texts to inform instruction to support reading comprehension for students with learning disabilities.

Prosody in Automatic Speech Processing

2020 ◽  
pp. 632-645
Author(s):  
Anton Batliner ◽  
Bernd Möbius
Keyword(s):  
Speech Processing ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Short History ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Dialogue Acts ◽  
Semantics And Pragmatics ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of

Automatic speech processing (ASP) is understood as covering word recognition, the processing of higher linguistic components (syntax, semantics, and pragmatics), and the processing of computational paralinguistics (CP), which deals with speaker states and traits. This chapter attempts to track the role of prosody in ASP from the word level up to CP. A short history of the field from 1980 to 2020 distinguishes the early years (until 2000)—when the prosodic contribution to the modelling of linguistic phenomena, such as accents, boundaries, syntax, semantics, and dialogue acts, was the focus—from the later years, when the focus shifted to paralinguistics; prosody ceased to be visible. Different types of predictor variables are addressed, among them high-performance power features as well as leverage features, which can also be employed in teaching and therapy.

scholarly journals Teach Reading

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernan Santiesteban Naranjo ◽  
Kenia María Velázquez Avila ◽  
Niurka Góngora Mena
Keyword(s):  
Reading Instruction ◽  
Reading Skill ◽  
Reading Process ◽  
Participatory Methods ◽  
Teaching Reading ◽  
Reading Competence ◽  
The Third ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Teaching Learning

Teach reading is a book that is composed by six chapters. The fist, is devoted for the definition of text and its taxonomy. It concludes with the requirements for choosing a didactic text. The second, is dedicated for the definition, analysis and classification of reading. The third is devoted to associated disorders related to the reading process. The fourth, contrasts the traditionalist reading instruction against dynamic-participatory didactic for the teaching-learning process of reading, where it is emphasized on reading participatory methods and techniques. The fifth, is attentive to the generalized reading skill, invariant skill and reading competence. Finally, the sixth is committed to dynamic-participatory didactic strategy for teaching reading,

scholarly journals Achieving Equity for Māori Children in Reading by 2020

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
First Nation ◽  
Teaching Reading ◽  
Learning To Read ◽  
Teaching Of Reading ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Fair Deal

One of the biggest challenges in this country is to raise Māori achievement in literacy. Māori are the first nation, and it seems unjust that their literacy levels are not on a par with those of Pakeha despite massive efforts to close this gap. In this review it will be argued that Māori children in New Zealand fail to receive a "fair deal" (equity) in learning to read for a number of reasons, but primarily because our schools employ the wrong method of teaching reading. They do not receive a fair deal in other curriculum areas as well, possibly because the same philosophical assumptions about learning that drive our present teaching of reading are also prominent in other subject areas such as science and mathematics (see Matthews, 1995). However, this review will restrict its attention to reading.

scholarly journals Designing the Holistic Evaluation in Teaching Reading/Tasmim al-Taqwim al-Syumuli Fi Ta’lim al-Muthala’ah

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Rini Rini ◽  
Partomuan Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Reading Instruction ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Formative Evaluation ◽  
Reading Assessment ◽  
Teaching Reading ◽  
Reading Material ◽  
Reading Materials ◽  
Final Exams ◽  
Theory Of Reading ◽  
Good Learning

The purpose of this article is to design the holistic evaluation in teaching reading. Assessment plays an important role in education process. Good evaluation is essential for good education and good learning. The evaluation of reading material is able to depict the faults and advantages of a reading instruction program. Also, students are able to know the level of their ability and absorption of reading materials from the assessment. The research method used is the library method. Assessment is an important part of teaching reading. So far, there are still found some designs of reading assessment which are not integrated and comprehensive, identical to the theory of reading comprehension including literal reading, interpretive reading, critical reading, and creative reading. As a result of this research, the design of the reading assessment is based upon the teaching and learning process (the daily calendar) or the so-called formative evaluation and an evaluation that is based at the end of the lecture in the form of midterm exams and final exams, or what is called a final evaluation. The evaluation design has two types comprising the practice evaluation and the written evaluation.

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