Toward Equitable Micromobility: Lessons from Austin E-Scooter Sharing Program

2021 ◽  
pp. 0739456X2110571
Author(s):  
Shunhua Bai ◽  
Junfeng Jiao
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Vulnerable Population ◽  
Minority Population ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Disadvantaged Populations ◽  
Societal Impacts ◽  
Vulnerable Population Groups

This study revealed the inequitable societal impacts of E-scooters on disadvantaged populations. The study conducted a population distribution analysis to compare the use opportunities and space intrusion burdens of E-scooter sharing on four vulnerable population groups in Austin, Texas. Nearly all minority population experienced fewer E-scooter use opportunities. Ten percent of the minority population waited for a disproportionately longer time before a disturbance could be resolved. Ten percent of the low-income population were in a disadvantaged position in high opportunities and moderate burdens. Twenty percent of the physically disabled population faced more moderate-level burdens. The result did not show significant inequitable outcomes for the elderly population.

DEALING WITH CHINA'S FUTURE POPULATION DECLINE: A PROPOSAL FOR REPLACING LOW BIRTH RATES WITH SUSTAINABLE RATES

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 693-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHIXIONG CAO ◽  
XIUQING WANG
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Planning Policy ◽  
The Family ◽  
Future Population

SummaryDecreasing population levels due to declining birth rates are becoming a potentially serious social problem in developed and rapidly developing countries. China urgently needed to reduce birth rates so that its population would decline to a sustainable level, and the family planning policy designed to achieve this goal has largely succeeded. However, continuing to pursue this policy is leading to serious, unanticipated problems such as a shift in the country's population distribution towards the elderly and increasing difficulty supporting that elderly population. Social and political changes that promoted low birth rates and the lack of effective policies to encourage higher birth rates suggest that mitigating the consequences of the predicted population decline will depend on a revised approach based on achieving sustainable birth rates.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurship perception among vulnerable population groups in Romania

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 718-727
Author(s):  
Carmen Păunescu ◽  
Alexandra Ioana Pascu ◽  
Adina Filculescu ◽  
Raluca Badea
Keyword(s):  
Career Choice ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Vulnerable Population ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Governmental Institutions ◽  
Vulnerable Population Groups ◽  
Starting A Business

Abstract This paper aims to explore the entrepreneurship perception among diverse populations in Romania typically seen as vulnerable. It also aims to provide support regarding how the concept might be useful in considering and designing alternative policy interventions. The vulnerable population groups studied in the paper differ by age (seniors), gender (females), income (low income population) and residence (rural community). The paper attempts to answer three research questions: (1) how attitudes towards entrepreneurship differ among vulnerable population groups; (2) how intention of starting a business varies among studied population; and (3) what is the likelihood and desirability of studied population to consider entrepreneurship as a career choice. The data analysed in the paper are extracted from the Amway Global Entrepreneurship Report (AGER) developed for Romania, for the period 2014-2016. Analysis is conducted by taken into consideration the following dimensions of the “entrepreneurship perception”: attitude towards entrepreneurship, intention of starting a business, entrepreneurship as a career choice, and likelihood of self-employment. The paper aims to contribute to advancing research on the less addressed and less understood entrepreneurship perception among vulnerable populations. In the paper we make recommendations for governmental institutions that are meant to contribute to designing policy interventions that will nurture entrepreneurship spirit in Romania.

Characteristics of Elderly Suicides in Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-24
Author(s):  
Mensah Adinkrah
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Marital Breakdown ◽  
Policies And Programs

A major gap in the extant research literature on suicide in Ghana is lack of a systematic study of patterns and trends in elderly suicides. To address the lack of scholarship on the topic, this exploratory, descriptive study presents the results of an epidemiological analysis of 40 media-reported suicides involving persons aged 60 years and older during the 2005–2016 period. Key findings are that the vast bulk of elderly persons who died by suicide were male, aged 60 to 65 years old, and of low income. The most common suicide methods were hanging and shooting with a firearm. Reasons for dying by suicide included lack of financial wherewithal, indebtedness, cuckoldry, sexual dysfunction, grief after the death of a spouse, and marital breakdown. A secondary aim of the research was to sensitize the Ghanaian public, medical services, and government about the extent, nature, and patterns of suicidal behavior in the elderly population. At present, many people in Ghana are not aware of elderly suicides as a social problem. For stakeholders, the findings of this study can assist in the design and implementation of policies and programs to alleviate the problem.

Impacts of the Proposed Restructuring of Medicare and Medicaid on the Elderly: A Conceptual Framework and Analysis

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marty Lynch ◽  
Meredith Minkler
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Moral Economy ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
State Economy ◽  
Disabled Women ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Undeserving Poor

The article examines the proposed transformations in U.S. Medicare and Medicaid as these are likely to affect the nation's elderly population. Drawing on political economy, moral economy, and notions of the deserving versus the undeserving poor, the authors develop a broad conceptual framework within which to better understand the current upheavals. Both Republican and Democratic proposals for restructuring Medicare and Medicaid are described and analyzed, and common themes within the various proposals highlighted. After exploring the differential impacts of the restructuring on subgroups within the elderly population, including low-income seniors, the disabled, women, and elders of color, the authors conclude with a discussion of the symbolic importance of the proposed transformations. The latter reflect both accelerated government movement away from its legitimation functions and toward increased capital accumulation, and continuing government attempts to reshape our perceptions of the state economy in ways that permit more radical cutbacks and austerity measures.

scholarly journals An Early Assessment of Curfew and Second COVID-19 Lock-down on Virus Propagation in France

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christelle Baunez ◽  
Mickael Degoulet ◽  
Stéphane Luchini ◽  
Patrick A. Pintus ◽  
Miriam Teschl
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Group ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Vulnerable Population ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Early Assessment ◽  
Virus Propagation ◽  
Active Population

AbstractThis note provides an early assessment of the reinforced measures to curb the COVID-19 pandemic in France, which include a curfew of selected areas and culminate in a second COVID-19-related lock-down that started on October 30, 2020 and is still ongoing. We analyse the change in virus propagation across age groups and across départements using an acceleration index introduced in Baunez et al. (2020). We find that while the pandemic is still in the acceleration regime, acceleration decreased notably with curfew measures and this more rapidly so for the more vulnerable population group, that is, for people older than 60. Acceleration continued to decline under lock-down, but more so for the active population under 60 than for those above 60. For the youngest population aged 0 to 19, curfew measures did not reduce acceleration but lock-down does. This suggests that if health policies aim at protecting the elderly population generally more at risk to suffer severe consequences from COVID-19, curfew measures may be effective enough. However, looking at the departmental map of France, we find that curfews have not necessarily been imposed in départements where acceleration was the largest.JEL Classification NumbersI18; H12

scholarly journals Mini Nutritional Assessment of rural elderly people in Bangladesh: the impact of demographic, socio-economic and health factors

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 968-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zarina Nahar Kabir ◽  
Tamanna Ferdous ◽  
Tommy Cederholm ◽  
Masuma Akter Khanam ◽  
Kim Streatfied ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Mini Nutritional Assessment ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveIn stating the Millennium Development Goals, the United Nations aims to halve malnutrition around the world by 2015. Nutritional status of the elderly population in low-income countries is seldom focused upon. The present study aimed to evaluate the magnitude of malnutrition among an elderly population in rural Bangladesh.Design and settingData collection for a multidimensional cross-sectional study of community-based elderly people aged 60 years and over was conducted in a rural area in Bangladesh.SubjectsOf 850 randomly selected elderly individuals, 625 participated in home interviews. Complete nutritional information was available for 457 individuals (mean age 69 ± 8 years, 55% female). Nutritional status was assessed using an adapted form of the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) including body mass index (BMI). Age, sex, education, household expenditure on food and self-reported health problems were investigated as potential predictors of nutritional status.ResultsBMI < 18.5 kg m− 2, indicating chronic energy deficiency, was found in 50% of the population. MNA revealed a prevalence of 26% for protein–energy malnutrition and 62% for risk of malnutrition. Health problems rather than age had a negative impact on nutritional status. Level of education and food expenditure were directly associated with nutritional status.ConclusionIn order to reduce world hunger by half in the coming decade, it is important to recognise that a substantial proportion of the elderly population, particularly in low-income countries, is undernourished.

scholarly journals Use of translated versions of the MMSE with South Asian elderly patients in the UK

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-47
Author(s):  
Rashda Tabassum ◽  
Syed Hasan Jawed
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The World ◽  
The Uk

The elderly population is increasing all over the world, a trend expected to continue well into the next century, particularly in low-income countries (Levkoff et al, 1995). There is an established association between increasing age and cognitive decline (Fillenbaum, 1984) and dementias are common in this age group.

scholarly journals Impact of Urinary Incontinence on Physical Performance and Quality of Life (QOL) among a group of elderly in Cairo

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa K El-gharib ◽  
Ayat F Manzour ◽  
Reem El-Mallah ◽  
Salma M.S El Said
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Vulnerable Population ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
International Consultation

Abstract Background Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common disorder that particularly affects the elderly population worldwide. UI can be associated with poor quality of life (QOL) of this vulnerable population, as it leads to the limitation of their physical and social activities of daily life. Additionally, it has a psychological and economic burden on individuals, health care services and society. Objectives This study was performed to measure the frequency of UI and to determine its impact on the overall QOL of elderly, physical performance and activities of daily living. Participants and Methods A cross-sectional study was performed on attending the four Primary Health Care centres (PHCs) of El-Obour City. Data collection was done in randomly chosen days every week. All elders aged 60 or above, who attended the PHCs those days, were included until a sample size of 150 elderly was obtained. The International Consultation of Incontinence (ICIQ) was used to detect urinary incontinence, assess its type and severity while, SF-12 was used to assess quality of life (QOL) with its mental and physical components. All study participants underwent short physical performance battery balance, gait and chair tests Results The overall frequency of UI was 38% among the studied elderly. UI ranged from mild (12.3%) to moderate (57.9%) and severe (29.8%). Among incontinent participants, the frequency in men was 47.4% and in women was 52.6%. The frequency of stress, urge, mixed and other UI were 7%, 33.3%, 40.4% and 19.3% respectively. Incontinent elderly had significantly lower QOL as regards mental and physical indices than their continent counterparts. UI severity was inversely related to physical performance. Conclusion and recommendation UI has a high-frequency rate among the elderly population, and it has a significant impact on all QOL domains as well as on their physical performance. It is recommended to set up management plans and strategies in geriatric health care facilities to prevent UI and its impact on the physical and mental health of this vulnerable population.

scholarly journals Administration of Ligilactobacillus salivarius MP101 in an Elderly Nursing Home during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Immunological and Nutritional Impact

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2149
Author(s):  
Marta Mozota ◽  
Irma Castro ◽  
Natalia Gómez-Torres ◽  
Rebeca Arroyo ◽  
Yolanda Lailla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Barthel Index ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Vulnerable Population ◽  
Pentraxin 3 ◽  
Daily Ingestion ◽  
Immune Factors

The elderly population living in nursing homes is particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 although individual susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection may be related to the host microbiota. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of Ligilactobacillus salivarius MP101 on the functional (Barthel index), cognitive (GDS/FAST), and nutritional (MNA) status as well as on the nasal and fecal inflammatory profiles of elderly residents living in a nursing home that is highly affected by COVID-19. A total of 25 residents participated in the trial, which involved the daily ingestion of a dairy product (L. salivarius MP101: 9.3 log10 CFU per unit) for 4 months. Nasal and fecal samples were analyzed for 37 immune factors at recruitment and at the end of the study. After the trial, no change in the GDS/FAST scores were found but, in contrast, the values for the Barthel index and the MNA score improved significantly. The concentrations of some immune factors changed significantly after the trial, including a decrease in the concentrations of BAFF/TNFSF13B, APRIL/TNFSF13, IL8, IL31, osteopontin, sTNF-R1, and sTNF-R2, and an increase in chitinase 3-like 1, IL19, IL35, and pentraxin 3 was also observed. In conclusion, L. salivarius MP101 seems to be a promising strain for improving or maintaining health in this highly vulnerable population.

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