Exploring Risks Associated With Bullying Perpetration Among Hispanic/Latino Adolescents: Are They Similar for Foreign-Born and U.S.-Born?

2022 ◽  
pp. 073998632110726
Author(s):  
Jun Sung Hong ◽  
Eui Bhin Lee ◽  
Anthony A. Peguero ◽  
Luz E. Robinson ◽  
Sebastian Wachs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African American Adolescents ◽  
The United States ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
Latino Adolescents ◽  
Deviant Peers ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Bullying Perpetration ◽  
Minority Adolescents ◽  
Increased Risk

Previous research indicates that racial and ethnic minority adolescents show an increased risk for bullying involvement. However, research on racial and ethnic differences in bullying has mainly focused on the differences between Whites and African American adolescents in the United States. Research on the bullying perpetration of foreign-born students is scarce. To fill this gap in the literature, this study utilizes the immigrant paradox to compare the prevalence rates and correlates of bullying perpetration between foreign-born and U.S.-born Hispanic/Latino adolescents. Data from the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children, 2009 to 2010 cohort study in the United States were used. The sample included 1,451 Hispanic/Latino adolescents from which 287 were foreign-born ( Mage = 13.32, SD = 1.68; 55% girls) and 1,164 were U.S.-born ( Mage = 13.05, SD = 1.68; 51.4% girls). Self-report questionnaires were administered to measure bullying involvement, substance abuse, befriending deviant peers, physical fight, demographic variables, and family characteristics. Findings showed that foreign-born adolescents did not differ from U.S.-born Hispanic/Latino adolescents (9.8% vs. 9.9%) regarding bullying perpetration. In addition, logistic regression analyses revealed that only bullying victimization was a common correlate for bullying perpetration across both groups. For foreign-born Hispanic/Latino adolescents, only befriending deviant peers was significantly associated with bullying perpetration. For the U.S.-born group, alcohol use and physical fights increased the odds of bullying perpetration. Implications for future research (e.g., the significance of the intersection of race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic class) and practice (e.g., the need to foster positive school environments) will be discussed.

scholarly journals 370. Comparing Trends and Outcomes among HIV-Infected vs. HIV Uninfected Patients with Tuberculosis: A 5-Year Experience Within the Florida Department of Health in Hillsborough County

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S194-S194
Author(s):  
Shylah M Moore-Pardo ◽  
Anteneh Addisu ◽  
Tea Reljic ◽  
Sadaf Aslam ◽  
Beata Casanas
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Homeless Persons ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hiv Negative

Abstract Background Although the rate of tuberculosis (TB) has significantly declined in the United States, elimination has plateaued. Florida is one of the states with the greatest number of cases. The majority of cases occur in foreign-born individuals. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is also a major contributor. HIV-TB coinfection leads to reciprocal interactions with significant clinical impact. We aim to compare the risk factors, clinical findings, and outcomes among HIV-infected vs. HIV uninfected patients. Methods A retrospective cohort study of TB cases over a 5 year period (2012–2017) was conducted. All patients with HIV co-infection with age- and gender-matched HIV negative controls were included. The diagnosis of TB was made via clinical, microbiological, radiological, and/or PCR based methods. SPSS was used for statistical data analysis. Results A total of 411 TB cases were identified and 66 patients (33 HIV-infected plus 33 HIV un-infected) were eligible for inclusion. The median age was 49 years (range 22–70). The male to female ratio was 21:12 and 50% of patients had TB symptoms; the rest had abnormal imaging or lab finding. Cases were confirmed via positive sputum smear, culture, or PCR (Figures 1–3). Only 11 patients were lost to follow-up, thus 83.3% completed therapy. A total of 5 persons died (Table 1). Conclusion The rate of HIV-TB coinfection in the United States was 5.3% in 2018; higher among injection drugs users, homeless persons, inmates, and alcoholics. In our study, the rate of HIV-TB coinfection was slightly higher (8%). The difference was not statistically significant in regards to foreign born, homelessness, and incarceration. Only 3 patients admitted to injection drug use and 9 used alcohol (all HIV negative). Traditionally, HIV-TB coinfected patients have extra-pulmonary TB with higher rates of negative sputum and are at increased risk of death. In our cohort, the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.009) only for cavitary TB (predominated in HIV un-infected) but no difference in outcomes was observed between the two groups. These findings suggest changing trends in HIV-TB coinfection which may be partly related to our setting and demographics but may be attributed to better access to care and antiretroviral therapy at large. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Greater Acculturation is Associated With Poorer Cardiovascular Health in the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olatokunbo Osibogun ◽  
Oluseye Ogunmoroti ◽  
Lena Mathews ◽  
Victor Okunrintemi ◽  
Martin Tibuakuu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Hispanic Americans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
At Home

Background Greater acculturation is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, little is known about the association between acculturation and ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) as measured by the American Heart Association's 7 CVH metrics. We investigated the association between acculturation and ideal CVH among a multi‐ethnic cohort of US adults free of clinical cardiovascular disease at baseline. Methods and Results This was a cross‐sectional analysis of 6506 men and women aged 45 to 84 years of 4 races/ethnicities. We examined measures of acculturation(birthplace, language spoken at home, and years lived in the United States [foreign‐born participants]) by CVH score. Scores of 0 to 8 indicate inadequate, 9 to 10 average and 11 to 14 optimal CVH. We used multivariable regression to examine associations between acculturation and CVH, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, income and health insurance. The mean (SD) age was 62 (10) years, 53% were women, 39% non‐Hispanic White‐, 26% non‐Hispanic Black‐, 12% Chinese‐ and 22% Hispanic‐Americans. US‐born participants had lower odds of optimal CVH (odds ratio [OR]: 0.63 [0.50–0.79], P <0.001) compared with foreign‐born participants. Participants who spoke Chinese and other foreign languages at home had greater odds of optimal CVH compared with those who spoke English (1.91 [1.08–3.36], P =0.03; and 1.65 [1.04–2.63], P =0.03, respectively). Foreign‐born participants who lived the longest in the United States had lower odds of optimal CVH (0.62 [0.43–0.91], P =0.02). Conclusions Greater US acculturation was associated with poorer CVH. This finding suggests that the promotion of ideal CVH should be encouraged among immigrant populations since more years lived in the United States was associated with poorer CVH.

Childhood Tuberculosis During the 1990s

1992 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 343-353
Author(s):  
Jeffrey R. Starke
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Childhood Tuberculosis ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Tuberculosis Control ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
Poor Access ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Access To Medical Care

Despite the availability of effective antituberculosis drugs, tuberculosis remains an important cause of morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditures in the United States. It is estimated that more than 10 million people in the United States are infected with the tubercle bacillus. More than 26 000 new cases of clinical tuberculosis occur every year, 1600 of which occur in children. Factors that serve to sustain tuberculosis in the United States include infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influx of foreign-born individuals at increased risk of developing tuberculosis, and poverty and poor access to medical care experienced by large segments of the population. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) has a goal of eliminating tuberculosis from the United States by the year 2010. If this goal is to be achieved, programs must focus on children because they are the future reservoir for the disease. Tuberculosis cases in children are important public health markers for a community insofar as they represent ongoing transmission of the disease and at least a partial failure of current tuberculosis control efforts. Epidemiology of Childhood Tuberculosis The incidence of tuberculosis in the United States declined steadily for a 25-y period until 1985, when it leveled off (Fig 1). More than 26 000 cases of tuberculosis were diagnosed in the United States during 1991; almost 1600 cases occurred in children &lt;15 y.

Wrestling with 9/11: Immigrant Perceptions and Perceptions of Immigrants

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Brettell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Asian Indians ◽  
World Trade Center ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fort Worth ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Immigrant Populations ◽  
Trade Center ◽  
The Impact

Soon after 9/11 a research project to study new immigration into the Dallas Fort Worth metropolitan area got under way. In the questionnaire that was administered to 600 immigrants across five different immigrant populations (Asian Indians, Vietnamese, Mexicans, Salvadorans, and Nigerians) between 2003 and 2005 we decided to include a question about the impact of 9/11 on their lives. We asked: “How has the attack on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001 affected your position as an immigrant in the United States?” This article analyzes the responses to this question, looking at similarities and differences across different immigrant populations. It also addresses the broader issue of how 9/11 has affected both immigration policy and attitudes toward the foreign-born in the United States. 

Shifting the Paradigm in HIV Prevention and Treatment Service Delivery Toward Differentiated Care for Youth

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Guilamo-Ramos ◽  
Marco Thimm-Kaiser ◽  
Adam Benzekri ◽  
Donna Futterman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Service Needs ◽  
Minority Adolescents ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Differentiated Care

Despite significant progress in the fight against HIV/AIDS in the United States, HIV prevention and treatment disparities among key populations remain a national public health concern. While new HIV diagnoses are increasing among people under age 30—in particular among racial, ethnic, and sexual minority adolescents and young adults (AYA)—dominant prevention and treatment paradigms too often inadequately consider the unique HIV service needs of AYA. To address this gap, we characterize persistent and largely overlooked AYA disparities across the HIV prevention and treatment continuum, identify AYA-specific limitations in extant resources for improving HIV service delivery in the United States, and propose a novel AYA-centered differentiated care framework adapted to the unique ecological and developmental factors shaping engagement, adherence, and retention in HIV services among AYA. Shifting the paradigm for AYA to differentiated HIV care is a promising approach that warrants implementation and evaluation as part of reinforced national efforts to end the HIV epidemic in the United States by 2030.

scholarly journals Dietary patterns related to total mortality and cancer mortality in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela R. Entwistle ◽  
Donald Schweizer ◽  
Ricardo Cisneros
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The United States ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Abstract Purpose This study investigated the association between dietary patterns, total mortality, and cancer mortality in the United States. Methods We identified the four major dietary patterns at baseline from 13,466 participants of the NHANES III cohort using principal component analysis (PCA). Dietary patterns were categorized into ‘prudent’ (fruits and vegetables), ‘western’ (red meat, sweets, pastries, oils), ‘traditional’ (red meat, legumes, potatoes, bread), and ‘fish and alcohol’. We estimated hazard ratios for total mortality, and cancer mortality using Cox regression models. Results A total of 4,963 deaths were documented after a mean follow-up of 19.59 years. Higher adherence to the ‘prudent’ pattern was associated with the lowest risk of total mortality (5th vs. 1st quintile HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.82–0.98), with evidence that all-cause mortality decreased as consumption of the pattern increased. No evidence was found that the ‘prudent’ pattern reduced cancer mortality. The ‘western’ and the ‘traditional’ patterns were associated with up to 22% and 16% increased risk for total mortality (5th vs. 1st quintile HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.11–1.34; and 5th vs. 1st quintile HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.06–1.27, respectively), and up to 33% and 15% increased risk for cancer mortality (5th vs. 1st quintile HR 1.33, 95% CI 1.10–1.62; and 5th vs. 1st quintile HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.06–1.24, respectively). The associations between adherence to the ‘fish and alcohol’ pattern and total mortality, and cancer mortality were not statistically significant. Conclusion Higher adherence to the ‘prudent’ diet decreased the risk of all-cause mortality but did not affect cancer mortality. Greater adherence to the ‘western’ and ‘traditional’ diet increased the risk of total mortality and mortality due to cancer.

scholarly journals Household COVID-19 risk and in-person schooling

Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. eabh2939
Author(s):  
Justin Lessler ◽  
M. Kate Grabowski ◽  
Kyra H. Grantz ◽  
Elena Badillo-Goicoechea ◽  
C. Jessica E. Metcalf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Office Work ◽  
School Based ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Extra Curricular Activities ◽  
Low Levels

In-person schooling has proved contentious and difficult to study throughout the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Data from a massive online survey in the United States indicates an increased risk of COVID-19-related outcomes among respondents living with a child attending school in-person. School-based mitigation measures are associated with significant reductions in risk, particularly daily symptoms screens, teacher masking, and closure of extra-curricular activities. A positive association between in-person schooling and COVID-19 outcomes persists at low levels of mitigation, but when seven or more mitigation measures are reported, a significant relationship is no longer observed. Among teachers, working outside the home was associated with an increase in COVID-19-related outcomes, but this association is similar to other occupations (e.g., healthcare, office work). While in-person schooling is associated with household COVID-19 risk, this risk can likely be controlled with properly implemented school-based mitigation measures.

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