Atsdr Evaluation Of Health Effects Of Chemicals. Vi. Di(2-Ethylhexyl)Phthalate.

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 651-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Fay ◽  
Joyce Morrissey Donohue ◽  
Christopher De Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Environmental Information ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Environmental Response ◽  
Priority List ◽  
Ethylhexyl Phthalate

Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (also known as DEHP, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, or BEHP; CAS Registry Number 117-81-7) is a widely-used plasticizer. It is found in numerous plastic articles, such as paints, inks, floor tiles, upholstery, shower curtains, footwear, plastic bags, food-packaging materials, toys, and medical tubing. Not surprisingly, DEHP appears at many waste sites. As part of its mandate, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepares toxicological profiles on hazardous chemicals that are of greatest public health concern at Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) National Priority List (NPL) sites. These profiles comprehensively summarize toxicological and environmental information. This article constitutes the release of the bulk of ATSDR's profile for DEHP (ATSDR, 1993) into the mainstream scientific literature. An extensive listing of human and animal health effects, organized by route, duration, and endpoint, is presented. Toxicological information on toxicokinetics, biomarkers, interactions, sensitive subpopulations, reducing toxicity after exposure, and relevance to public health is also included. Environmental information encompasses physical properties, production and use, environmental fate, levels seen in the environment, analytical methods, and a listing of regulations. ATSDR, at the behest of Congress and therefore the citizenry, prepares these profiles to inform the public about site contaminants.

ATSDR Evaluation of Health Effects of Chemicals. V. Xylenes: Health Effects, Toxicokinetics, Human Exposure, and Environmental Fate

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 571-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Fay ◽  
Carol Eisenmann ◽  
Sanjivani Diwan ◽  
Christopher De Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Environmental Information ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Environmental Response ◽  
Disease Registry ◽  
The Public ◽  
Printing Ink

Xylenes, or dimethylbenzenes, are among the highest-volume chemicals in production. Common uses are for gasoline blending, as a solvent or component in a wide variety of products from paints to printing ink, and in the production of phthalates and polyester. They are often encountered as a mixture of the three dimethyl isomers, together with ethylbenzene. As part of its mandate, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepares toxicological profiles on hazardous chemicals found at Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) National Priorities List (NPL) sites that are of greatest concern for public health purposes. These profiles comprehensively summarize toxicological and environmental information. This article constitutes the release of the bulk of this profile (ATSDR, 1995) into the mainstream scientific literature. An extensive listing of known human and animal health effects, organized by route, duration, and end point, is presented. Toxicological information on toxicokinetics, biomarkers, interactions, sensitive subpopulations, reducing toxicity after exposure, and relevance to public health is also included. Environmental information encompasses physical properties, production and use, environmental fate, levels seen in the environment, analytical methods, and a listing of regulations. ATSDR, as mandated by CERCLA (or Superfund), prepares these profiles to inform and assist the public.

scholarly journals Agro-Environmental Determinants of Leptospirosis: A Retrospective Spatiotemporal Analysis (2004−2014) in Mahasarakham Province (Thailand)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Jaruwan Viroj ◽  
Julien Claude ◽  
Claire Lajaunie ◽  
Julien Cappelle ◽  
Anamika Kritiyakan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Intersectoral Collaboration ◽  
The Public ◽  
Additive Modeling ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control ◽  
Northeastern Thailand

Leptospirosis has been recognized as a major public health concern in Thailand following dramatic outbreaks. We analyzed human leptospirosis incidence between 2004 and 2014 in Mahasarakham province, Northeastern Thailand, in order to identify the agronomical and environmental factors likely to explain incidence at the level of 133 sub-districts and 1,982 villages of the province. We performed general additive modeling (GAM) in order to take the spatial-temporal epidemiological dynamics into account. The results of GAM analyses showed that the average slope, population size, pig density, cow density and flood cover were significantly associated with leptospirosis occurrence in a district. Our results stress the importance of livestock favoring leptospirosis transmission to humans and suggest that prevention and control of leptospirosis need strong intersectoral collaboration between the public health, the livestock department and local communities. More specifically, such collaboration should integrate leptospirosis surveillance in both public and animal health for a better control of diseases in livestock while promoting public health prevention as encouraged by the One Health approach.

scholarly journals Are heated tobacco products (HTPs) a public health opportunity?

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Roberta Costanzo ◽  
Gizelle Baker
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Related Population

Heated tobacco products (HTPs) are a new, rapidly emerging category of tobacco products that are designed to heat the tobacco instead of burning it, thus substantially reducing the emission of harmful chemicals. Currently there is a debate about whether HTPs provide an opportunity for public health, to accelerate the decline in cigarette smoking prevalence and thereby smoking-related population harm. To answer this question, HTPs have to be scientifically substantiated to reduce the harm to the individual smoker, but they also have to be satisfying for adult smokers to maximize the number of adult smokers who switch, while minimizing the number of youths and non-smokers who initiate or relapse to these products, as well as minimizing the number of smokers who intend to quit who may use those products instead. In this article we present the evidence showing that switching to the THS reduces the negative health effects that are triggered by chronic exposure to the toxic substances generated during tobacco combustion and that lead to disease, compared to continuing smoking.

ATSDR evaluation of the health effects of zinc and relevance to public health

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 423-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nickolette Roney ◽  
Mark Osier ◽  
Sari J. Paikoff ◽  
Cassandra V. Smith ◽  
Malcolm Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Environmental Response ◽  
Disease Registry ◽  
Toxicological Profile ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
Industrial Health ◽  
Toxicokinetic Data

As part of its mandate, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepares toxicological profiles on hazardous chemicals found at Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) National Priorities List (NPL) sites, which have the greatest public health impact. These profiles comprehensively summarise toxicological and environmental information. This article constitutes the release of portions of the Toxicological Profile for Zinc. The primary purpose of this article is to provide public health officials, physicians, toxicologists, and other interested individuals and groups with an overall perspective on the toxicology of zinc. It contains descriptions and evaluations of toxicological studies and epidemiological investigations, and provides conclusions, where possible, on the relevance of toxicity and toxicokinetic data to public health. Toxicology and Industrial Health 2006; 22: 423-493.

scholarly journals Current Aspect of Bisphenol A Toxicology and Its Health Effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 408
Author(s):  
Tanaporn Khamphaya ◽  
Phisit Pouyfung ◽  
Saruda Kuraeiad ◽  
Udomratana Vattanasit ◽  
Supabhorn Yimthiang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Nuclear Receptor ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Lipid Disorder ◽  
Contaminated Food

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic and dangerous chemical that is released extensively into the environment. BPA is utilized to synthesize polycarbonate plastics for an assortment of basic items such as electronic gadgets, housewares and apparatuses, water pipes, food packaging and containers. Because of the widespread use of BPA products, people are easily exposed to BPA from using these products in their daily life, especially BPA-contaminated food. BPA intake is found in Oceania, Asia, Europe, and North America in both children and adults. Ingestion is a significant route of BPA exposure. The mechanisms of BPA toxicity involve oxidative stress production, genetic and epigenetic dysregulation, nuclear receptor dysfunction, insulin resistance, and adipose tissue inflammation. Exposure to BPA has many health effects, which include altered neurogenesis and reproductive toxicity. Recently, BPA has also been associated with non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, lipid disorder, and diabetes. Toxicological data could provide insights that might be useful for promoting awareness to BPA toxicity and preventing BPA-associated diseases. Herein, this review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the toxicological profiles and health effects of BPA, with emphasis on the mechanisms of its toxicity. HIGHLIGHTS Human exposure to BPA is a major public health concern owing to toxicity Contaminated seafood and food containers are important sources of BPA exposure BPA toxicity involves the endocrine, neuronal, cardiovascular, and reproductive systems Mechanisms of BPA toxicity has been linked to nuclear receptor, genetic and epigenetic, oxidative stress, and brain receptors Pregnant women and children are especially vulnerable to BPA exposure GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

scholarly journals Production Usage, and Potential Public Health Effects of Aluminum Cookware: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Okunola A. Alabi ◽  
Yetunde M. Adeoluwa
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cooked Food ◽  
Scrap Metals ◽  
Arsenic Copper ◽  
Aluminum Cookware

AbstractThe ingestion of aluminum from food containers such as cookware, cans, utensils and wrappings and its subsequent release into the environment is a growing public health concern. Aluminum is widely used in manufacturing cookware due to its malleability, high heat conductivity, light weight, durability, availability and affordability. This paper therefore gives a review of most relevant literatures on the benefits and risks of the various types of aluminum cookware in use, the composition and the public health effects of aluminum ingestion. Studies that reported the leaching of aluminum from cookware into food and environmental effects of aluminum leaching were also reviewed. In the developing countries, aluminum cookwares are produced from scrap metals and has been reported to leach harmful substances including heavy metals such as: nickel, arsenic, copper, cadmium, lead, and aluminum into cooked food. Several factors have been reported to increase the rate of leaching of metals from aluminum cookwares. Exposure to metals from aluminum cookware and the public health effects have not been well studied, hence, our recommendation for more studies to elucidate the health effect of this practice. This review also presents measures that can limit exposure to the risks that may arise from the use of aluminum cookware.

scholarly journals Public health impacts of drought in high-income countries: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Vos ◽  
Julija Dimnik ◽  
Sondus Hassounah ◽  
Emer OConnell ◽  
Owen Landeg
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
High Income ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Airborne Dust

Abstract Introduction The health effects of drought are significant and widespread, but primarily indirect. As climate change projections indicate future increases in drought events globally, it is essential that we continue to develop the evidence base on the health consequences of drought to inform future public health policy and practice (i.e. the quantification of impacts now and in the future). Methods A systematic review was preformed using: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Maternity and Infant Care, Global Health, CINAHL and Cochrane. Articles were included in the analysis if they met the following criteria: exposure was specified as drought; outcome was a defined and measured human health outcome; a distinct link had to be made between exposure and outcome; drought was defined as a shortage or deficiency that was climate related; population studied was member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) to represent HICs; reported original data; published in English from May 2012 to June 2017. Results 10,383 citations were initially identified; 24 papers met the eligibility criteria. Additionally, seven papers not meeting the criteria were incorporated as supporting text. The majority of studies were from Australia and the USA. Five main categories of health effects were found: (i) water borne disease (ii) vector borne disease (iii) airborne, dust and respiratory related diseases (iv) mental health and wellbeing and (v) other health effects. Conclusion The limited evidence suggests that the mental health impacts of drought in rural and farming populations and outbreaks of West Nile Fever in places that harbour the transmitting vector represent the greatest public health concern for drought prone High-Income Countries (HICs). A range of initiatives were identified, including health services preparedness alongside targeted public health policies. Further studies are needed to address gaps in the evidence including the absence of a standardised definition and/or measure of drought exposure, and methods to measure and assess health impacts related to drought.

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