Lipoplasty in the Treatment of Obesity

1997 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio A. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Adipose Cells

This paper presents a comprehensive review of the factors influencing obesity and the characteristics of adipose tissue. The author describes how adipose cells form and how cellulite develops, also explaining how liposculpture removal of excess adipose tissue can improve lymphatic return and the appearance of the skin. The author presents liposculpturing as part of an integrated approach to the treatment of obesity. By decreasing fat mass, liposculpturing helps improve body image and self esteem and physical activity increases.

scholarly journals Association of Irisin with Fat Mass, Resting Energy Expenditure, and Daily Activity in Conditions of Extreme Body Mass Index

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Pardo ◽  
Ana B. Crujeiras ◽  
María Amil ◽  
Zaida Aguera ◽  
Susana Jiménez-Murcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Daily Physical Activity ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

FNDC5/irisin has been recently postulated as beneficial in the treatment of obesity and diabetes because it is induced in muscle by exercise, increasing energy expenditure. However, recent reports have shown that WAT also secretes irisin and that circulating irisin is elevated in obese subjects. The aim of this study was to evaluate irisin levels in conditions of extreme BMI and its correlation with basal metabolism and daily activity. The study involved 145 female patients, including 96 with extreme BMIs (30 anorexic (AN) and 66 obese (OB)) and 49 healthy normal weight (NW). The plasma irisin levels were significantly elevated in the OB patients compared with the AN and NW patients. Irisin also correlated positively with body weight, BMI, and fat mass. The OB patients exhibited the highest REE and higher daily physical activity compared with the AN patients but lower activity compared with the NW patients. The irisin levels were inversely correlated with daily physical activity and directly correlated with REE. Fat mass contributed to most of the variability of the irisin plasma levels independently of the other studied parameters.Conclusion. Irisin levels are influenced by energy expenditure independently of daily physical activity but fat mass is the main contributing factor.

scholarly journals Eating-Disordered Behavior in Adolescents: Associations with Body Image, Body Composition and Physical Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6665
Author(s):  
Eliška Štefanová ◽  
Peter Bakalár ◽  
Tibor Baška
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Eating Disordered

Eating disorders (EDs) represent a disparate group of mental health problems that significantly impair physical health or psychosocial functioning. The aim of this study was to present some evidence about the prevalence of eating-disordered behavior (EDB) in adolescents, and explore its associations with body image (BI), body composition (BC) and physical activity (PA) in this age group. Data from 780 adolescents participating in a health behavior in school-aged children (HBSC) study conducted in Slovakia in 2018 were used (mean age 13.5 ± 1.3; 56% boys). Differences in mean values of numerical indicators were evaluated using the independent samples t-test. Differences between nominal variables were assessed by the chi-square test. Pearson correlation was used to describe the associations between all the selected variables. EDB was positively screened in 26.7% (208/780) of adolescents, with a higher prevalence in girls (128/344, 37.2%) than in boys (80/436, 18.3%). Significantly higher means of BI, body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), body fat mass (BFM), body fat percentage (BFP), body fat mass index (BFMI), fat free mass index (FFMI), and SCOFF questionnaire score (SCOFF QS) were found in those positively screened for EDB. Pearson correlation analysis revealed positive associations between EDB and BI, BW, BMI, BFM, BFP and BFMI. The prevalence of EDB is high in Slovak adolescents. Positive associations between EDB, BI, BMI and fat-related body composition parameters support the idea of a more integrated approach in EDs and obesity prevention and treatment. At the same time, gender differences suggest the need for considering gender-specific strategies aimed at girls and boys separately.

scholarly journals The Relation between the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance and the Lifestyle and Self-Esteem of Adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (93) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasa Mickūnienė ◽  
Simona Pajaujienė ◽  
Rasa Jankauskienė
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Image ◽  
International Study ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Sociocultural Attitudes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Athletic Body Image

Background. The adolescents seeking to conform to the ideal appearance associate the reduction of weight with smoking and alcohol consumption (Haley, Hedberg, & Leman, 2010) or go on a diet instead of increasing their physical activity (Liechty, 2010). The adolescents dissatisfied with their body have lower self-esteem (Neumark-Sztainer  et  al.,  2006).  In  this  study  we  assumed  that  the  sociocultural  attitudes  towards  appearance  would  be associated  with  adolescents’  harmful  lifestyle  and  lower  self-esteem.  Research  aim  was  to  disclose  the  relation between the sociocultural attitudes towards appearance of adolescents and their lifestyle and self-esteem.Methods. The research was carried out in Kaunas schools (n = 16) using the method of written survey. In total, 805 adolescents were surveyed, 329 (41.1%) out of them were boys. The mean age (SD) of the respondents was  17.23  (0.6)  years.  Instruments:  Sociocultural  Attitudes  Towards  Appearance  Questionnaire-3  SATAQ-3-L (Thompson, van den Berg, Roehrig, Guarda, & Heinberg,  2004), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Questionnaire (Rosenberg, 1989). Physical activity (PA) was determined using the questions from the international study Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children. The frequency of dieting and having harmful habits were determined by individual questions. Results. The weight of the majority of adolescents (75.5%) was normal. The numbers of adolescents were as follows: those who smoked (39.8%), consumed alcohol (80.5%), were on diet (36.8%), and had low levels of physical activity (74.4%). The adolescents who smoked, consumed alcohol and were on diet had significantly higher scores  in  all  SATAQ  subscales.  Physically  active  adolescents  were  more  striving  to  meet  the  Internalization  of athletic body image. In the groups of boys and girls, BMI was related to more frequent sociocultural pressures  (p < .01) and more frequent dieting (p < .01). In the group of boys, the frequency of smoking was related to lower self-esteem (p < .05). In the group of girls, sociocultural pressures were related to lower self-esteem (p < .05). Conclusion. The sociocultural attitudes towards appearance of adolescents are related to more harmful lifestyle and lower self-esteem. Therefore, health literacy of the adolescents has to be increased by teaching proper attitudes towards their bodies, appropriate diet, and exercising.Keywords: sociocultural attitudes towards appearance, body image, lifestyle, physical activity, self-esteem.

Physical Activity and Exercise in the Regulation of Human Adipose Tissue Physiology

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan Thompson ◽  
Fredrik Karpe ◽  
Max Lafontan ◽  
Keith Frayn
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Fat Mobilization ◽  
Physical Activity And Exercise

Physical activity and exercise are key components of energy expenditure and therefore of energy balance. Changes in energy balance alter fat mass. It is therefore reasonable to ask: What are the links between physical activity and adipose tissue function? There are many complexities. Physical activity is a multifaceted behavior of which exercise is just one component. Physical activity influences adipose tissue both acutely and in the longer term. A single bout of exercise stimulates adipose tissue blood flow and fat mobilization, resulting in delivery of fatty acids to skeletal muscles at a rate well-matched to metabolic requirements, except perhaps in vigorous intensity exercise. The stimuli include adrenergic and other circulating factors. There is a period following an exercise bout when fatty acids are directed away from adipose tissue to other tissues such as skeletal muscle, reducing dietary fat storage in adipose. With chronic exercise (training), there are changes in adipose tissue physiology, particularly an enhanced fat mobilization during acute exercise. It is difficult, however, to distinguish chronic “structural” changes from those associated with the last exercise bout. In addition, it is difficult to distinguish between the effects of training per se and negative energy balance. Epidemiological observations support the idea that physically active people have relatively low fat mass, and intervention studies tend to show that exercise training reduces fat mass. A much-discussed effect of exercise versus calorie restriction in preferentially reducing visceral fat is not borne out by meta-analyses. We conclude that, in addition to the regulation of fat mass, physical activity may contribute to metabolic health through beneficial dynamic changes within adipose tissue in response to each activity bout.

scholarly journals 3,5 Diiodo-l-Thyronine (T2) Promotes the Browning of White Adipose Tissue in High-Fat Diet-Induced Overweight Male Rats Housed at Thermoneutrality

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalba Senese ◽  
Federica Cioffi ◽  
Rita De Matteis ◽  
Giuseppe Petito ◽  
Pieter de Lange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Adipose Cells

The conversion of white adipose cells into beige adipose cells is known as browning, a process affecting energy metabolism. It has been shown that 3,5 diiodo-l-thyronine (T2), an endogenous metabolite of thyroid hormones, stimulates energy expenditure and a reduction in fat mass. In light of the above, the purpose of this study was to test whether in an animal model of fat accumulation, T2 has the potential to activate a browning process and to explore the underlying mechanism. Three groups of rats were used: (i) receiving a standard diet for 14 weeks; (ii) receiving a high-fat diet (HFD) for 14 weeks; and (iii) receiving a high fat diet for 10 weeks and being subsequently treated for four weeks with an HFD together with the administration of T2. We showed that T2 was able to induce a browning in the white adipose tissue of T2-treated rats. We also showed that some miRNA (miR133a and miR196a) and MAP kinase 6 were involved in this process. These results indicate that, among others, the browning may be another cellular/molecular mechanism by which T2 exerts its beneficial effects of contrast to overweight and of reduction of fat mass in rats subjected to HFD.

scholarly journals Body Image and Self-Esteem among Adolescents Undergoing an Intervention Targeting Dietary and Physical Activity Behaviors

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannie S. Huang ◽  
Gregory J. Norman ◽  
Marion F. Zabinski ◽  
Karen Calfas ◽  
Kevin Patrick
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Self Esteem
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