Postconcussive Symptoms After Single and Repeated Concussions in 10- to 20-Year-Olds: A Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temitayo Oyefunmike Oyegbile ◽  
Bronson Elizabeth Delasobera ◽  
Nassim Zecavati
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Loss Of Consciousness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Postconcussive Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
And Gender

The objective was to characterize cognitive deficits and postconcussive symptoms in a pediatric population with no concussion, a single concussion, and ≥2 concussions, using a cross-sectional design. Cognitive function and postconcussive symptoms were assessed in participants (age 10-20) with no concussion (n = 1118), single concussion (n = 368), and repeated (≥2) concussions (n = 252). Analyses were adjusted for age and gender. Individuals with ≥2 concussions exhibited more total postconcussive symptoms; more loss of consciousness, amnesia and confusion; more headaches; and poorer cognitive function compared to no concussion and single concussion. Postconcussive symptoms may play a modulatory role in cognitive dysfunction after repeated concussions as those with loss of consciousness, amnesia, confusion, or headaches exhibited worse verbal memory, visual memory, visual-motor processing, and poorer impulse control compared to those without these symptoms. This analysis demonstrates that repeated concussions is associated with poorer cognitive function and postconcussive symptoms compared to a single concussion.

Verbal memory deficits associated with fornix atrophy in carbon monoxide poisoning

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 640-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHELLI R. KESLER ◽  
RAMONA O. HOPKINS ◽  
LINDELL K. WEAVER ◽  
DUANE D. BLATTER ◽  
HOLLY EDGE-BOOTH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
And Gender

Magnetic resonance (MR) images and neuropsychological testing data of 69 carbon monoxide (CO) poisoned patients were prospectively obtained within 1 day of CO poisoning, two weeks and six months. CO patients' Day 1 cross-sectional fornix surface area measurements, corrected for head size by using a fornix-to-brain ratio (FBR), were compared to normal age and gender-matched controls. Additionally, a within-subjects analysis was performed comparing the mean areas between CO patients' Day 1, 2 weeks and 6-month FBR. The FBR was correlated with patients' neuropsychological data. There were no significant differences between CO patients' Day 1 fornix measurements compared to normal control subjects. However, significant atrophic changes in the fornix of CO poisoned patients occurred at two weeks with no progressive atrophy at 6 months. By 6 months, CO patients showed significant decline on tests of verbal memory (when practice effects were taken into account), whereas visual memory, processing speed and attention/concentration did not decline. This study indicates that CO results in brain damage and cognitive impairments in the absence of lesions and other neuroanatomic markers. (JINS, 2001, 7, 640–646.)

Internet-based cognitive testing in multiple sclerosis

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1011-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Younes ◽  
J. Hill ◽  
J. Quinless ◽  
M. Kilduff ◽  
B. Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis is difficult to study because of the heterogeneity and variability of this disease. The gold standard for measurement of cognitive function in multiple sclerosis is a full battery of neurocognitive tests, which is time consuming and expensive. Some cognitive tests like the PASAT, a measure of working verbal memory and processing speed, have been proposed for screening and follow-up of cognitive function in clinical trials. We studied whether we could measure cognitive function in multiple sclerosis over the Internet. For this we used the Cognitive Stability Index (CSI)™, developed for persons with known or suspected primary central nervous system illness. The CSI was compared with formal neurocognitive testing (NPsych) and the PASAT in a cross-sectional study of 40 consecutive multiple sclerosis patients with subjective cognitive complaints. NPsych revealed that only 18 of the 40 patients (46%) were cognitively impaired. Although both the CSI and the PASAT were equalivalent in their specificity (86%), the CSI was significantly more sensitive than the PASAT (83% versus 28%). We conclude that the CSI, because of its availability over the Internet, has great potential as a tool for screening and follow up of cognitive function in multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis 2007; 13: 1011—1019. http://msj.sagepub.com

scholarly journals How does cognitive function measured by the reaction time and critical flicker fusion frequency correlate with the academic performance of students?

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Archana Prabu Kumar ◽  
Abirami Omprakash ◽  
Maheshkumar Kuppusamy ◽  
Maruthy K.N. ◽  
Sathiyasekaran B.W.C. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Flicker Fusion Frequency ◽  
Fusion Frequency ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background The reaction time (RT) is “the time taken for the appearance of rapid voluntary reaction by an individual following a stimulus, either auditory or visual” and the Critical Flickering Fusion Frequency (CFFF) is “the rate at which successively presented light stimuli appear to be steady and continuous”. RT and CFFF are commonly used for the assessment of cognitive functions that are known to influence academic performance. However, data about the exact correlation between these are scarce, particularly in India. This research aimed to study the association between visual RT (VRT), auditory RT (ART) and CFFF and their impact on the academic performance of undergraduate students. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 700 students of Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry at a private medical university in South India, during the period from 2015 to 2017. The VRT, ART and CFFF were evaluated, and the best out of three subsequent attempts was recorded. The mean score (in percentage) of the three best marks out of the five internal assessments for the course during each academic year was considered for analysis. The association between the different cognitive tests and the average academic performance was analysed. Results Female students had faster VRT (n = 345, mean = 243.97, SD = 83.87) than male students (n = 273, mean = 274.86, SD = 96.97) (p = 0.001). VRT and ART had a moderate negative correlation with academic performance (for ART, r = − 0.42, p < 0.001; for VRT; r = − 0.40, p < 0.001). CFFF had a very weak positive correlation with academic performance (r = 0.19, p = 0.01). The only independent predictors of academic performance were RT and gender (Adjusted R2 = 0.11). Conclusion Although there is a correlation between CFFF and cognitive function, our study showed only a weak correlation between CFFF and academic performance. Female students had faster RTs, and gender was an independent predictor of academic performance. Rather, students with faster RTs appear to have an advantage in academic performance.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Plasma Vitamin C Concentrations and Cognitive Function: A Pilot Cross-Sectional Study in Healthy Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaj Travica ◽  
Karin Ried ◽  
Irene Hudson ◽  
Avni Sali ◽  
Andrew Scholey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Motor Speed ◽  
Cognitive Assessments ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Gender

ABSTRACT Background A number of investigations have highlighted the importance of vitamin C in maintaining brain health. Biologically, vitamin C has exhibited roles in neuromodulation, neurodevelopment, vascular support, and neuroprotection. Vitamin C's contribution to cognitive function in both cognitively intact and impaired cohorts has previously been assessed, with little focus on gender variability. Objective The present study explored the interaction between gender and plasma vitamin C on cognitive performance, and the effect of different amounts of plasma vitamin C (adequate/inadequate) on various cognitive tasks by gender. Methods This retrospective analysis was conducted in healthy adults (n = 80, female = 52, male = 28, 24–96 y) with a range of blood plasma vitamin C concentrations. Cognitive assessments included the Swinburne University Computerized Cognitive Assessment Battery (SUCCAB) and 2 pen-and-paper tests, the Symbol Digits Modalities Test (SDMT) and the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test–Revised (HVLT-R). Food-frequency questionnaires were used to elucidate dietary consumption. Results After adjusting for a number of potential covariates such as age, number of prescribed medications and dose of vitamin C supplementation, results indicated a significant interaction (P &lt; 0.001) between plasma vitamin C and gender on cognitive function, on both the computerized and pen-and-paper assessments. A novel finding was that the performance of males with inadequate plasma vitamin C was poorer on tasks involving components of memory (short/delayed), inhibition, and visual perception, whereas females presenting with inadequate vitamin C were more compromised on tasks involving psychomotor performance/motor speed. Additionally, females with adequate vitamin C concentrations exhibited higher performance than males on tasks involving recall, recognition, attention, and focus. Conclusions Further larger-scale investigations are required to establish a cause-and-effect relation and to elucidate whether differences in cognitive function between genders may be attributed to plasma vitamin C status. This trial was registered at https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=369440&isReview=true as ACTRN12615001140549.

MEMORY STATUS AMONG CHILDREN WITH EPILEPSY

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-35
Author(s):  
Arun John ◽  
Santanu Deb ◽  
Palash R Gogoi ◽  
Jasmine Mary Lyngdoh ◽  
Prasenjit Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Status ◽  
Age Appropriate ◽  
Memory Status

Objective: To study the status of visual and verbal memory status among children with epilepsy and effects on schooling. Methods:This descriptive cross-sectional study enrolled children aged 5 to 15 years who have been diagnosed to have epilepsy and has been seizure free during last one month. Enrolled children (81) were evaluated by using two sub tests selected from the National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences(NIMHANS) Neuropsychological Battery for Children, Rey’s Auditory Verbal Learning test and Memory for Designs test, for verbal and visual memory status respectively and the child was graded on the basis of the standard scores. Schooling details were obtained by questioners to care taker. Results: Memory impairment (MI) was identied in 50 (61.7%) Children with Epilepsy (CWE) (predominantly verbal memory impairment). 20 (25%) CWE were not attending age appropriate class. Among these 20 CWE, 17(85%) children had memory impairment. p: 0.01. There were 25 CWE performing poorly, among them 22(88%) children had memory impairment. p <0.0024. A total of 8 children were school dropouts and all 8 had MI (100%).Conclusions:MI was found to be very common in CWE. MI among CWE was found to negatively inuence age appropriate schooling and school performance. Early screening and appropriate support may improve the outcome.

scholarly journals Overall intact cognitive function in male X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy adults with normal MRI

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noortje J. M. L. Buermans ◽  
Sharon J. G. van den Bosch ◽  
Irene C. Huffnagel ◽  
Marjan E. Steenweg ◽  
Marc Engelen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cerebral Disease ◽  
Post Contrast ◽  
Norm Group

Abstract Background Men with the hereditary peroxisomal disorder X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) are at risk of developing inflammatory demyelinating lesions in the brain. In the absence of inflammatory (post-contrast enhancing) lesions on MRI cognitive function is considered spared, but some form of cognitive dysfunction may nevertheless be present. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to characterize cognitive functioning of ALD men with no or minimal MRI abnormalities, which will define cognitive functioning in this category of patients. Methods A neuropsychological battery covering a broad range of cognitive domains, including language, verbal and non-verbal memory, visuoconstruction, executive functioning, and psychomotor speed, was used. Means and proportions of borderline and impaired T scores ≤36 were compared to the standardized norm group and a qualitative case-by-case analysis was performed for participants with T scores ≤36 within ≥2 domains. Patients with MRI abnormalities that were extensive (Loes score > 3) or showed enhancement post-contrast were excluded. Results Thirty-three men participated (median age 44 years, range 19–71). Mean performance on verbal fluency was poorer in patients (45.70 ± 8.85 patients vs. 50 ± 10 standardized norm group, p = 0.009), as was the percentage of borderline and impaired scores on visuoconstruction (Beery VMI: 19% patients vs. 8% standardized norm group, p = 0.02; RCFT copy: 81% patients vs. 2% standardized norm group, p < 0.0005) and mental reaction time during a complex decision task (18% patients vs. 8% standardized norm group, p = 0.055). Moreover, 9/33 (27.3%) patients had T scores ≤36 within ≥2 domains. Conclusions Given the heterogeneous pattern of mostly borderline scores cognitive functioning seems not impaired in the vast majority of adult ALD males with no or minimal MRI abnormalities. However, borderline to impaired cognitive dysfunction was present in 27.3%, with the majority being borderline scores. Longitudinal studies will have to determine if this reflects early cerebral disease under the detection limit of MRI.

scholarly journals Cross-Sectional Study of Self-Concept and Gender in Relation to Physical Activity and Martial Arts in Spanish Adolescents during the COVID-19 Lockdown

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
David Lindell-Postigo ◽  
Félix Zurita-Ortega ◽  
Manuel Ortiz-Franco ◽  
Gabriel González-Valero
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sociodemographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
And Gender

The COVID-19 lockdown has negatively affected individuals’ welfare. However, there has been no research published heretofore about the levels of self-concept (SC) in adolescents, nor how having practised martial arts (MA) or any physical activity (PA) before the lockdown may have influenced the SC in that time. Hence, this study aimed to analyze some demographic, physical, and psychosocial parameters in Spanish adolescents throughout the COVID-19 quarantine through a cross-sectional investigation, establishing correlations among these factors. Methods: The present study had a descriptive, comparative, and cross-sectional design. The sample comprised of 54 (39.7%) male and 82 (60.3%) female Spanish adolescents aged 12–18 (M = 14.49; SD = 1.80). An ad-hoc questionnaire collected sociodemographic data; the self-concept Form 5 (AF5) questionnaire obtained data on SC dimensions. Results: There were some differences among the SC dimensions, with family and academic dimensions having higher values than the physical and emotional ones. Females’ academic SC was higher than that of males (p = 0.019). The practice of PA before the lockdown was positively associated with physical (p < 0.001) and social (p = 0.012) SC, yet there was no significant association between the previous practice of MA and SC (p > 0.050). Conclusions: the findings suggest that the COVID-19 lockdown negatively affected Spanish adolescents by decreasing their total SC and some dimensions of it, although PA may buffer psychological harmfulness in adolescents.

scholarly journals Frequency of hyponatremia in community acquired pneumonia.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (08) ◽  
pp. 1546-1549
Author(s):  
Zeeshan Mehmood ◽  
Farrukh Saeed ◽  
Muhammad Asif Siddiqui ◽  
Fazal Ur Rehman ◽  
Farhan Zahoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Categorical Variable ◽  
Electrolyte Abnormality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Considerable Morbidity ◽  
Study Setting

Objectives: Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is frequent amongst pediatric population all over the world while hyponatremia is a common electrolyte abnormality in hospitalized patients that has been shown to be associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. We aimed to determine the frequency of hyponatremia in children with community acquired pneumonia (CAP). Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Pediatrics Department, Services Hospital, Lahore. Period: July 2018 to January 2019. Material & Methods: A total of 100 cases up to 2 years of age of either gender, diagnosed cases of CAP during the last 72 hours, were enrolled. Demographic profile, age and gender were recorded. Every child with CAP was evaluated for the presence of hyponatremia. Mean and standard deviation were calculated for age. Frequency and percentages were noted for categorical variable like gender and presence/absence of hyponatremia. Results: Out of 100 cases of CAP, 57 (57.0%) were male and 43(43.0%) female. There were 45 (45.0%) cases who were less than 1 year of age while 55 (55.0%) were between 1-2 years of age. Mean age was calculated as 1.55 years with standard deviation of 0.52 years. Frequency of hyponatremia in children with CAP was recorded in 24 (24.0%) whereas 76 (76.0%) had no findings of the morbidity. Conclusion: Frequency of hyponatremia was high (24.0%) among children with CAP. Every patient who present with CAP should be evaluated for hyponatremia.

CONCENTRATION OF THE SERUM TGF-BETA1 IN HEALTHY ADULT PEOPLE

2014 ◽  
pp. 90-93
Author(s):  
Van Tuan Nguyen ◽  
Tam Vo ◽  
Bui Bao Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta1 ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Gender

Elevated serum Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) levels have been linked to tissue fibrosis including chronic kidney disease. Objectives: (1) Investigate serum TGF-beta1 levels in healthy adult people and (2) Examined the relation between serum TGF-beta1 level and gender, age, body mass index (BMI). Method: A cross-sectional study. TGF-beta1 were quantified by ELISA. Results: Levels of serum TGF-beta1 in healthy people were 13,45 ± 7,17 ng/mL mL (0,59 - 33,10 ng/mL). There are no difference of serum TGF-beta1 levels between men and women, between the age groups (<40 years, 40 to < 60 years and ≥ 60 years), between BMI groups < 23 and BMI group ≥ 23. Key words: TGF-beta1, healthy people

Determinants of Screen Time Among Children Under Five Years: A Cross Sectional Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Raj ◽  
Norliza Ahmad ◽  
Nor Afiah Mohd. Zulkefli ◽  
Zalilah Mohd Shariff
Keyword(s):  
Screen Time ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Health Clinics ◽  
Age Appropriate ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Time Future

BACKGROUND Excessive screen time is detrimental to the child’s health. However, screen time situation among Malaysian children is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE This study aims to identify the prevalence and determinants of screen time among children under five years old using the latest WHO guidelines. METHODS A cross sectional design was used to randomly select 489 children from nine government health clinics. Total screen time and factors were assessed using validated self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS Results show an overall prevalence of 91.4% with a median of 3.00 hours (IQR: 1.36-5.04). Majority of children watched television (66%), followed by mobile phones (30%) and computers (4%). The determinants of screen time were Malay ethnicity, (AOR 3.56, 95% CI: 1.65-7.68), parental age of 30 years or more (AOR 3.12, 95% CI: 1.58-6.16), parental screen time exceeding 2 hours a day (AOR 2.42, 95% CI: 1.24-4.73), parent’s moderate self-efficacy to influence child’s physical activity (AOR 2.29, 95% CI: 1.01-5.20) and parent’s positive perception on influence of screen time on child’s cognitive well-being (AOR 1.15, 95% CI:1.01-1.32). CONCLUSIONS Parents played an important role in determining their child’s screen time. Future interventions that focus on the parents may ensure age appropriate screen time for their children.

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