Bifunctionally engineered polyethylenimines as efficient DNA carriers and antibacterials against resistant pathogens

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-379
Author(s):  
Z Ahmadi ◽  
D Jha ◽  
B Kumar ◽  
HK Gautam ◽  
Pradeep Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
High Cell ◽  
Gene Delivery Vectors ◽  
Efficient Gene ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Better Than

In this study, we have designed and developed two series of bifunctional conjugates by tethering polyethylenimine with streptomycin. By varying the amount of streptomycin, conjugates, polyethylenimine-streptomycin, have been synthesized and characterized spectroscopically. Gel electrophoresis assay revealed a slight decrease in the cationic charge density on the conjugates as these retarded the mobility of pDNA at higher w/w ratios. Further, transfection studies showed that both the series of conjugates transfected the mammalian cells efficiently with low-molecular weight polyethylenimine-streptomycin conjugates were more competent (∼9-fold enhancement with respect to native bPEI) exhibiting high cell viability too. Besides, both the series of conjugates displayed excellent antibacterial activity on pathogenic bacteria, even better than native streptomycin on resistant strains. Altogether, these results ensure the promising potential of the projected bifunctional conjugates as safe and efficient gene delivery vectors as well as antibacterials for future biomedical applications.

Evaluation of Antibacterial and Antidiabetic Potential of Silver Nanoparticles using Eugenia Uniflora L. Seed Extract

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 5217-5225
Author(s):  
Guru Kumar Dugganaboyana ◽  
Chethankumar Mukunda ◽  
Suresh Darshini Inakanally
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Drug Formulation ◽  
Visible Spectroscopy ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Eugenia Uniflora ◽  
Uv Visible

In recent years, green nanotechnology-based approaches using plant materials have been accepted as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach with various biomedical applications. In the current study, AgNPs were synthesized using the seed extract of the Eugenia uniflora L. (E.uniflora). Characterization was done using UV-Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses. The formation of AgNPs has confirmed through UV-Visible spectroscopy (at 466 nm) by the change of color owing to surface Plasmon resonance. Based on the XRD pattern, the crystalline property of AgNPs was established. The functional group existing in seed of E.uniflora extract accountable for the reduction of Ag+ ion and the stabilization of AgNPs was investigated. The morphological structures and elemental composition was determined by SEM and EDX analysis. With the growing application of AgNPs in biomedical perspectives, the biosynthesized AgNPs were evaluated for their antibacterial and along with their antidiabetic potential. The results showed that AgNPs are extremely effective with potent antidiabetic potential at a very low concentration. It also exhibited potential antibacterial activity against the three tested human pathogenic bacteria. Overall, the results highlight the effectiveness and potential applications of AgNPs in biomedical fields such as in the treatment of acute illnesses as well as in drug formulation for treating various diseases such as cancer and diabetes. It could be concluded that E. uniflora seed extract AgNPs can be used efficiently for in vitro evaluation of their antibacterial and antidiabetic effects with potent biomedical applications.

scholarly journals Prediction and Activity of a Cationic α-Helix Antimicrobial Peptide ZM-804 from Maize

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2643
Author(s):  
Mohamed F. Hassan ◽  
Abdelrahman M. Qutb ◽  
Wubei Dong
Keyword(s):  
Cdna Library ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Inbred Line ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small molecules consisting of less than fifty residues of amino acids. Plant AMPs establish the first barrier of defense in the innate immune system in response to invading pathogens. The purpose of this study was to isolate new AMPs from the Zea mays L. inbred line B73 and investigate their antimicrobial activities and mechanisms against certain essential plant pathogenic bacteria. In silico, the Collection of Anti-Microbial Peptides (CAMPR3), a computational AMP prediction server, was used to screen a cDNA library for AMPs. A ZM-804 peptide, isolated from the Z. mays L. inbred line B73 cDNA library, was predicted as a new cationic AMP with high prediction values. ZM-804 was tested against eleven pathogens of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and exhibited high antimicrobial activities as determined by the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs). A confocal laser scanning microscope observation showed that the ZM-804 AMP targets bacterial cell membranes. SEM and TEM images revealed the disruption and damage of the cell membrane morphology of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 caused by ZM-804. In planta, ZM-804 demonstrated antimicrobial activity and prevented the infection of tomato plants by Pst DC3000. Moreover, four virulent phytopathogenic bacteria were prevented from inducing hypersensitive response (HR) in tobacco leaves in response to low ZM-804 concentrations. ZM-804 exhibits low hemolytic activity against mouse red blood cells (RBCs) and is relatively safe for mammalian cells. In conclusion, the ZM-804 peptide has a strong antibacterial activity and provides an alternative tool for plant disease control. Additionally, the ZM-804 peptide is considered a promising candidate for human and animal drug development.

Normal Mature Human Enamel Protein

1979 ◽  
Vol 58 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 986-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Belcourt
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Organic Matrix ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Human Enamel ◽  
Weak Density ◽  
Enamel Protein

Pure enamel was prepared using an original microdissection technic. Protein concentration was 375 μg per gram of enamel. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed a single fast-migrating zone containing a thin double band. Ultracentrifugation studies suggested that the proteins were of low molecular weight or of weak density. Absorption spectra showed a strong absorbance at 260nm. Amino acid analyses yielded a composition of 25% Gly, 13.5% Glu, 11% Ser, 11% Pro, 2% Cys and 2% Hyp. A glucidic content of 15% was estimated and glucose, galactose, mannose and fucose were identified. The organic matrix of enamel seemed to be constituted of two major glycoproteins probably fibrous but different from keratin.

scholarly journals Application of Bacteriophages on Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) Biofilm

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1423
Author(s):  
Nicola Mangieri ◽  
Roberto Foschino ◽  
Claudia Picozzi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Abiotic Surfaces ◽  
Continuous Presence ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Better Than

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli are pathogenic bacteria able to form biofilms both on abiotic surfaces and on food, thus increasing risks for food consumers. Moreover, biofilms are difficult to remove and more resistant to antimicrobial agents compared to planktonic cells. Bacteriophages, natural predators of bacteria, can be used as an alternative to prevent biofilm formation or to remove pre-formed biofilm. In this work, four STEC able to produce biofilm were selected among 31 different strains and tested against single bacteriophages and two-phage cocktails. Results showed that our phages were able to reduce biofilm formation by 43.46% both when used as single phage preparation and as a cocktail formulation. Since one of the two cocktails had a slightly better performance, it was used to remove pre-existing biofilms. In this case, the phages were unable to destroy the biofilms and reduce the number of bacterial cells. Our data confirm that preventing biofilm formation in a food plant is better than trying to remove a preformed biofilm and the continuous presence of bacteriophages in the process environment could reduce the number of bacteria able to form biofilms and therefore improve the food safety.

scholarly journals Extremophilic Prokaryotic Endoxylanases: Diversity, Applicability, and Molecular Insights

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Digvijay Verma
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Short Life Span ◽  
Functional Attributes ◽  
Extreme Behavior ◽  
Harsh Conditions ◽  
Free Activity ◽  
Better Than

Extremophilic endoxylanases grabbed attention in recent years due to their applicability under harsh conditions of several industrial processes. Thermophilic, alkaliphilic, and acidophilic endoxylanases found their employability in bio-bleaching of paper pulp, bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass into xylooligosaccharides, bioethanol production, and improving the nutritious value of bread and other bakery products. Xylanases obtained from extremophilic bacteria and archaea are considered better than fungal sources for several reasons. For example, enzymatic activity under broad pH and temperature range, low molecular weight, cellulase-free activity, and longer stability under extreme conditions of prokaryotic derived xylanases make them a good choice. In addition, a short life span, easy cultivation/harvesting methods, higher yield, and rapid DNA manipulations of bacterial and archaeal cells further reduces the overall cost of the product. This review focuses on the diversity of prokaryotic endoxylanases, their characteristics, and their functional attributes. Besides, the molecular mechanisms of their extreme behavior have also been presented here.

scholarly journals The Use of Bacteriophage for Detection and Biocontrol of Foodborne Pathogen

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Tati Ariyanti
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Foodborne Disease ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Detection Tool ◽  
Specific Receptors ◽  
Antibiotics Detection ◽  
Potential Use

Bacteriophages are viruses that have ability to attack bacterial cells in specific receptors, infect, multiply in bacterial cells and eventually lyse bacterial cells. This unique bacteriophage character is highly beneficial because it is harmless to mammalian cells and does not interfere with natural microbes. Bacteriophages are easy to obtain because they are widespread in the environment such as soil, water, animal, and farm waste or food. This paper describes the potential use of bacteriophages to detect pathogen and foodborne pathogen biocontrol. Bacteriophages are very potential to control the growth of pathogenic bacteria both in food industry and environment. Bacteriophages act as antibiotics, detection tool for pathogenic bacteria in the food chain, food biopreservative from pathogen bacteria contamination, and foodborne disease prevention. Although research on bacteriophage in Indonesia has not been widely reported, research on bacteriophage utilization is being carried on.

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