My self-reflection on the importance of Michael Power’s book The Audit Society to my research and interest in auditing

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the implications that Power’s book had to the author’s research in public sector auditing. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the author reflects and debates the inspiration that Michael Power’s book The Audit Society had on the author’s own research. Findings The author finds that this book had a significant influence on how he succeeded theorizing his studies on auditing, and how he could contribute to the audit literature. It is stunning how the book succeeded in synthesizing audit research, encouraging scholars to understand auditing as a social practice, i.e. how auditing can be theorized using various social science theories and how the book also appealed to broader social science. Research limitations/implications This paper is a reflection that covers around a 20-year period with potential mis-representations of how exactly sequences of actions and thoughts were. Practical implications This paper helps to clarify how it is that audit operates and influences everyday life of persons involved with auditing. Social implications This paper casts doubts as to what actions are carried out in the name of audit and that audit is not just a value free activity but involved with political agendas. Originality/value The originality of this paper is that it fleshes out how a seminal book can have significant implications on how research is carried out.

Acquiring Problem-Solving Skills Through Coding Games in Primary School

Play is a spontaneous and free activity of the child and its role in learning processes has been recognized by pedagogical studies from Piaget onwards. Game-based learning places the pupil at the center of the teaching-learning process, creating a motivating and challenging environment in which the pupil can learn freely, proceeding by trial and error, learning to evaluate their choices and those of other players and monitor a number of variables. Game-based learning therefore stands as an individualized and inclusive learning environment, which allows all students to achieve maximum educational success. In more recent years, the spread of online games, the use of coding as a teaching tool, and distance learning experiences have contributed to spreading game-based didactics. In this chapter, the author proposes a path of coding games for the development of problem solving in primary school with interdisciplinary links and to the mathematics curriculum.

Extremophilic Prokaryotic Endoxylanases: Diversity, Applicability, and Molecular Insights

Extremophilic endoxylanases grabbed attention in recent years due to their applicability under harsh conditions of several industrial processes. Thermophilic, alkaliphilic, and acidophilic endoxylanases found their employability in bio-bleaching of paper pulp, bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass into xylooligosaccharides, bioethanol production, and improving the nutritious value of bread and other bakery products. Xylanases obtained from extremophilic bacteria and archaea are considered better than fungal sources for several reasons. For example, enzymatic activity under broad pH and temperature range, low molecular weight, cellulase-free activity, and longer stability under extreme conditions of prokaryotic derived xylanases make them a good choice. In addition, a short life span, easy cultivation/harvesting methods, higher yield, and rapid DNA manipulations of bacterial and archaeal cells further reduces the overall cost of the product. This review focuses on the diversity of prokaryotic endoxylanases, their characteristics, and their functional attributes. Besides, the molecular mechanisms of their extreme behavior have also been presented here.

Effect of acute alcohol intoxication on scale-free neural activity in the lateral septum in rats

Electrophysiological recordings of brain activity show both oscillatory dynamics that typically are analyzed in the time-frequency domain to describe brain oscillatory phenomena and scale-free arrhythmic activity defined as neural noise. Recent studies consider this arrhythmic fractal dynamics of neural noise as a sensitive biomarker of a number of cognitive processes, activity of neurotransmitter systems, changes that accompany neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders including alcohol use disorder. We tested the changes in neural noise induced by acute alcohol intoxication in the lateral septum for the entire spectrum (1–200 Hz) of local field potential signal and for frequency specific ranges (delta, theta, beta, gamma and epsilon bands). Five male Wistar rats were implanted with intracranial electrodes and local field potential signal was measured for baseline activity and activity induced by acute ethanol intoxication (2 g/kg). Change in neural noise dynamics was assessed as a change in the slope of linear regression fit of power spectral density curves in double logarithmic scale. In our study alcohol resulted in lower incline of scale-free activity in the lateral septum for high frequency range and for the whole spectrum, which is interpreted generally as increase in neural noise and change in neuronal processing in a more stochastic way initiated by the acute alcohol intoxication. At the same time, we observed decrease in neural noise for low frequency range. The observed changes may be related to the shift of the excitatory-inhibitory balance towards inhibition and changes in neurotransmission mostly in the GABAergic system. Scale-free activity was sensitive in the conditions of acute alcohol intoxication, therefore to understand its role in alcohol use disorder we need more data and studies on the underlying processes. Future studies should include simultaneous recordings and analysis of arrhythmic dynamics with the oscillatory and multiunit spiking activity in the lateral septum. It can reveal the contribution of different-scale processes in changes driven by acute alcohol intoxication and clarify the specific electrophysiological mechanisms.

Study of conflict behavior of older preschool children with general speech underdevelopment

Анализируя психологическую и педагогическую литературу по проблеме личностного развития детей с общим недоразвитием речи, можно выделить следующие особенности: нарушение развития коммуникативной сферы из-за несформированности средств общения, дети часто не бывают заинтересованы в контакте. Исходя из актуальности темы целью исследования стало изучение особенностей конфликтного поведения старших дошкольников с общим недоразвитием речи. В исследовании участвовало 24 ребёнка, из них 12 детей - старшего возраста с нормой речевого развития, 12 детей – старшего возраста с общим недоразвитием речи, в дальнейшем (ОНР), а именно – с 3-им уровнем ОНР – 5 детей, 7 детей – со 2-ым уровнем ОНР. Описание метода исследования: наблюдение в свободной деятельности. Итак, при сравнении двух групп исследования в процессе наблюдения установлено, что в группе детей с общим недоразвитием речи в большей степени наблюдаются проявление конфликтов по сравнению с детьми без особенностей речевого развития. Исследования доказывают, что фонематическое восприятие всех звуков завершается к концу второго года жизни, другие ученые подчеркивают, что физиологическая дислалия, которая присуща детям трехлетнего возраста, у четырехлетних детей уже не наблюдается. Это означает, что уже на пятом году жизни ребенка можно обнаружить отставание в формировании звукопроизношения вследствие дефектов восприятия и произношения фонем. Analyzing the psychological and pedagogical literature on the problem of personal development of children with general speech underdevelopment, the following features can be identified: a violation of the development of the communicative sphere due to the lack of communication tools, children are often not interested in contact. Based on the relevance of the topic, the aim of the study was to study the features of the conflict behavior of older preschoolers with general speech underdevelopment. The study involved 24 children, including 12 older children with normal speech development, 12 older children with general speech underdevelopment, in the future (ONR), namely-with the 3rd level of ONR – 5 children, 7 children - with the 2nd level of ONR. Description of the research method: observation in free activity. So, when comparing the two groups of the study, it was found that in the group of children with general speech underdevelopment, the manifestation of conflicts is more observed than in children without speech development features. Studies prove that the phonemic perception of all sounds is completed by the end of the second year of life, other scientists emphasize that the physiological dyslalia that is inherent in children of three years of age is no longer observed in four-year-olds. This means that already in the fifth year of a child's life, it is possible to detect a lag in the formation of sound pronunciation due to defects in the perception and pronunciation of phonemes.

SURVEI MINAT BACA TARUNA STP JAKARTA TAHUN 2019

Minat baca adalah keinginan untuk melaksanakan aktivitas membaca. Manfaat membaca bagi peserta didik adalah menambah wawasan, membuka jendela dunia bagi pembaca, menambah pengalaman, menambah kosa kata dan struktur kalimat bagi peserta didik. Melakukan survey minat baca dianggap penting untuk mengetahui faktor faktor terkait yang meningkatkan kunjunganperpustakaan. Metode yang dipakai dalam tulisan ini adalah survey dengan simple random sampling yang populasi nya adalah jumlah kunjungan taruna pada bulan Maret 2019. Kemudian untuk mendapatkan data digunakan kuesioner. Sampel disini dikatakan simple (sederhana) karena pengambilan anggota sampel dari populasi tersebut dianggap homogen kemudian secara acakdilakukan pemilihan sampel yang representatif dimana sebanyak 71 orang dijadikan sampel. Hasil data direpresentasikan dalam metode deskriptif kuantitatif berupa angka-angka dan analisis menggunakan statistik untuk mendapatkan gambaran atau jawaban yang telah dirumuskan dalampenelitian. Berdasarkan keterangan yang telah diuraikan maka dapat dirumuskan hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan survey minat baca, yaitu: (1) Frekuensi Membaca dalam satu minggu adalah 3 sampai 4 kali kunjungan untuk membaca atau meminjam buku sebanyak 28 orang atau 40 %; (2) Responden melakukan aktivitas membaca 1 sampai dengan 2 jam sehari sebanyak 57 orang atau 80%; (3) Buku Cetak Dan Elektronik Yang Dibaca 3 Bulan Terakhir dibaca oleh responden sebanyak 2-4 bahan bacaan setiap harinya sebanyak 28 orang atau 40%; (4) Kegiatan di Waktu Luang responden adalah berselancar di internet sebanyak 28 orang atau 40%; (5) Frekuensi kunjungan untuk membaca atau pinjam buku dalam satu bulan menjawab 1-4 kali untuk baca dan pinjam buku sebanyak 57 orang atau 80%.Reading habit is the desire to carry out reading activities. The benefits of reading for students are adding insight, opening a window to the world for readers, adding experience, adding vocabulary and sentence structure for students. Conducting a reading habit survey is considered important to know the related factors that increase library visits. The method used in this paper is a survey with simple random sampling whose population is the number of cadet visits in March 2019. Then to get the data used a questionnaire. The sample here is said to be simple (simple) because the sampling of members of the population is considered homogeneous then a random sample selection is taken where as many as 71 people are sampled. The results of the data are represented inquantitative descriptive methods in the form of numbers and analysis using statistics to get a picture or answer that has been formulated in the study. Based on the information that has been described, matters can be formulated related to the reading habit survey, namely: (1) The frequency of reading in one week is 3 to 4 visits to read or borrow books as many as 28 people or 40%; (2)Respondents conduct reading activities 1 to 2 hours a day as many as 57 people or 80%; (3) The printed books and electronics that were read in the last 3 months were read by respondents as many as 2-4 reading materials every day as many as 28 people or 40%; (4) Respondent’s Free Activity is 28 people or 40% surfing the internet; (5) Frequency of visits to read or borrow books inone month answered 1-4 times to read and borrow books as many as 57 people or 80%

Axiological and Methodological Analysis of Folk Games

Play is defined as a special form of free activity according to the rules, that, unlike work, does not produce an alienable product. The socio-psychological mechanism of the influence of the conditions of the game on the participants is considered. Conceptual analysis of the game from the point of view of the key, meaning-forming experience in the game – happiness-joy, shows that this experience is due to the peculiarities of the relations of the participants: internal self-restraint (conscience) and conflict-free communication (the presence of sympathy, empathy, sympathy, assistance). These factors explain the corrective and preventive resources of play practice in the work of specialists with deviant behavior in children and adolescents (irresponsibility, aggression, violation of social norms...). Game practice simulates favorable social conditions for development. The semantic definition of the experience of happiness-joy is made based on a meaningful understanding of children's happiness by specialists in working with children as their professional target setting. The phases of the formation of the game are defined and shown using examples of folk games: formal adoption of the rules, individual self-realization within the framework of the rules, individual self-realization within the framework of the rules and the value of the gaming community.

The AI and Robot Entity

Robots are instruments of the human being who is intelligent and free. Aristotle defines being free as the one that is cause of himself or exists on his own and for himself (causa sui or causa sui ipsius). By contrast, the instrument is not a cause of itself and does not work by the power of its entity, but only by the motion imparted by the principal agent, so that the effect is not likened to the instrument but to the principal agent. From the Christian perspective, for a being to be free and a cause of himself, it is necessary that he/she be a person endowed with a spiritual and incorruptible soul, on which his or her cognitive and free activity is based. An artificially intelligent robotic entity does not meet this standard. As an artefact and not a natural reality, the AI/robotic entity is invented by human beings to fulfil a purpose imposed by human beings. It can become a perfect entity that performs operations in quantity and quality more precisely than a human being, but it cannot choose for itself a different purpose from what it was programmed for by a human being. As such, the artificially intelligent robot is a means at the service of humans.

The Practice of “The Power of Folk Game” as a Component of the Project “Ecosystem of Childhood”

Folklore game practice is considered as an integral part of the project “Ecosystem of childhood...” aimed at “rebooting” relations in the centers for the promotion of family education. The project focus-es on the problems of decision-making that determine the vital activity of the centers as a social sys-tem. The game practice is proposed as a special socio-cultural environment that promotes the es-tablishment of friendly, trusting, joyful relationships of participants, whose experience children trans-fer to other life situations. It is shown that the semantic core of the participants’ stay in the game is the experience of community, manifested in a sense of happiness-joy. The correctional and preven-tive possibilities of game practice in relation to many types of deviant behavior are noted. Methodo-logical recommendations are offered to the organizers of the game practice, paying attention to the peculiarities of the initiation and maintenance of the game, as a free activity of children and adoles-cents within the strict game rules.