scholarly journals Extremophilic Prokaryotic Endoxylanases: Diversity, Applicability, and Molecular Insights

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Digvijay Verma
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Short Life Span ◽  
Functional Attributes ◽  
Extreme Behavior ◽  
Harsh Conditions ◽  
Free Activity ◽  
Better Than

Extremophilic endoxylanases grabbed attention in recent years due to their applicability under harsh conditions of several industrial processes. Thermophilic, alkaliphilic, and acidophilic endoxylanases found their employability in bio-bleaching of paper pulp, bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass into xylooligosaccharides, bioethanol production, and improving the nutritious value of bread and other bakery products. Xylanases obtained from extremophilic bacteria and archaea are considered better than fungal sources for several reasons. For example, enzymatic activity under broad pH and temperature range, low molecular weight, cellulase-free activity, and longer stability under extreme conditions of prokaryotic derived xylanases make them a good choice. In addition, a short life span, easy cultivation/harvesting methods, higher yield, and rapid DNA manipulations of bacterial and archaeal cells further reduces the overall cost of the product. This review focuses on the diversity of prokaryotic endoxylanases, their characteristics, and their functional attributes. Besides, the molecular mechanisms of their extreme behavior have also been presented here.

Molecular Docking, Synthesis and anti-HIV-1 Protease Activity of Novel Chalcones

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 802-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nemanja Turkovic ◽  
Branka Ivkovic ◽  
Jelena Kotur-Stevuljevic ◽  
Milica Tasic ◽  
Bojan Marković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Protease Activity ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Replication Cycle ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Chalcone Derivatives ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

Background: Since the beginning of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, 75 million people have been infected with the HIV and about 32 million people have died of AIDS. Investigation of the molecular mechanisms critical to the HIV replication cycle led to the identification of potential drug targets for AIDS therapy. One of the most important discoveries is HIV-1 protease, an enzyme that plays an essential role in the replication cycle of HIV. Objective: The aim of the present study is to synthesize and investigate anti-HIV-1 protease activity of some chalcone derivatives with the hope of discovering new lead structure devoid drug resistance. Methods: 20 structurally similar chalcone derivatives were synthesized and their physico-chemical characterization was performed. Binding of chalcones to HIV-1 protease was investigated by fluorimetric assay. Molecular docking studies were conducted to understand the interactions. Results: The obtained results revealed that all compounds showed anti-HIV-1 protease activity. Compound C1 showed the highest inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 0.001 μM, which is comparable with commercial product Darunavir. Conclusion: It is difficult to provide general principles of inhibitor design. Structural properties of the compounds are not the only consideration; ease of chemical synthesis, low molecular weight, bioavailability, and stability are also of crucial importance. Compared to commercial products the main advantage of compound C1 is the ease of chemical synthesis and low molecular weight. Furthermore, compound C1 has a structure that is different to peptidomimetics, which could contribute to its stability and bioavailability.

Bifunctionally engineered polyethylenimines as efficient DNA carriers and antibacterials against resistant pathogens

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-379
Author(s):  
Z Ahmadi ◽  
D Jha ◽  
B Kumar ◽  
HK Gautam ◽  
Pradeep Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
High Cell ◽  
Gene Delivery Vectors ◽  
Efficient Gene ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Better Than

In this study, we have designed and developed two series of bifunctional conjugates by tethering polyethylenimine with streptomycin. By varying the amount of streptomycin, conjugates, polyethylenimine-streptomycin, have been synthesized and characterized spectroscopically. Gel electrophoresis assay revealed a slight decrease in the cationic charge density on the conjugates as these retarded the mobility of pDNA at higher w/w ratios. Further, transfection studies showed that both the series of conjugates transfected the mammalian cells efficiently with low-molecular weight polyethylenimine-streptomycin conjugates were more competent (∼9-fold enhancement with respect to native bPEI) exhibiting high cell viability too. Besides, both the series of conjugates displayed excellent antibacterial activity on pathogenic bacteria, even better than native streptomycin on resistant strains. Altogether, these results ensure the promising potential of the projected bifunctional conjugates as safe and efficient gene delivery vectors as well as antibacterials for future biomedical applications.

scholarly journals Insight into transketolase of Pyropia haitanensis under desiccation stress based on integrative analysis of omics and transformation

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianzhi Shi ◽  
Wenlei Wang ◽  
Yinghui Lin ◽  
Kai Xu ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Desiccation Tolerance ◽  
Integrative Analysis ◽  
Pyropia Haitanensis ◽  
Desiccation Stress ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Harsh Conditions ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Background Pyropia haitanensis, distributes in the intertidal zone, can tolerate water losses exceeding 90%. However, the mechanisms enabling P. haitanensis to survive harsh conditions remain uncharacterized. To elucidate the mechanism underlying P. haitanensis desiccation tolerance, we completed an integrated analysis of its transcriptome and proteome as well as transgenic Chlamydomonas reinhardtii carrying a P. haitanensis gene. Results P. haitanensis rapidly adjusted its physiological activities to compensate for water losses up to 60%, after which, photosynthesis, antioxidant systems, chaperones, and cytoskeleton were activated to response to severe desiccation stress. The integrative analysis suggested that transketolase (TKL) was affected by all desiccation treatments. Transgenic C. reinhardtii cells overexpressed PhTKL grew better than the wild-type cells in response to osmotic stress. Conclusion P. haitanensis quickly establishes acclimatory homeostasis regarding its transcriptome and proteome to ensure its thalli can recover after being rehydrated. Additionally, PhTKL is vital for P. haitanensis desiccation tolerance. The present data may provide new insights for the breeding of algae and plants exhibiting enhanced desiccation tolerance.

Effect of Various Curing Agents On the Chemical Stability of Epoxy Resins

CORROSION ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 11t-20t ◽  
Author(s):  
RONALD L. DeHOFF
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Chemical Stability ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Curing Agent ◽  
Corrosion Prevention ◽  
Curing Agents ◽  
Outdoor Weathering ◽  
Better Than

Abstract The epoxy resins most widely used in corrosion prevention are liquids of low molecular weight which can be converted to hard, tough, chemically resistant polymers by the use of various curing agents. Unlike other thermosetting resins such as polyesters, the curing agents may produce chemical linkages in the final polymers that differ from those present in the uncured form. Hence, the properties of cured epoxy resins are likely dependent upon, and may even reflect the properties of the curing agent used. Some seven different epoxy resin systems were exposed to various chemical environments and evaluatd for changes in dimensional stability and flexural strengths over a six month period. From the data presented herein, only limited conclusions may be drawn. Heat cured systems fare better than room temperature cured systems in every case. Anhydride cured epoxy resins show greater resistance to outdoor weathering than amine cured systems. 5.4.5, 6.6.8

scholarly journals Failure-Aware and Delay-Predicted Multipath Virtual Queue Scheduling for Multimedia Transmission in Edge IoT

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Jiuren Qin ◽  
Zhaoxue Wang ◽  
Kai Gao ◽  
Lujie Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Control Protocol ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Multimedia Services ◽  
Scheduling System ◽  
Multipath Transmission ◽  
Queue Scheduling ◽  
Delay Prediction ◽  
Cooperative Scheduling ◽  
Better Than

The spread of Edge Internet of Things (IoT) radically changes our lifestyle. However, the multimedia services in edge IoT are still stuck by inefficiency. The dynamic typologies perplex the transmission of massive real-time data. To solve this problem, multipath transmission control protocol (MPTCP) which has a natural advantage in transmission robustness and bandwidth aggregation is becoming a good choice. In this paper, failure-aware and delay-predicted multipath virtual queue scheduling (FD-MVQS) is proposed to optimize the MPTCP performance in edge IoT. FD-MVQS constructs a two-plane cooperative scheduling system. In the control plane, the transmission failure estimation and chaos theory-based arrival delay prediction methods are introduced to provide the foundation for prescheduling. In the data plane, the multipath virtual queue scheduling is designed to allocate segments to different subflows. Simulation results showed that the proposed FD-MVQS performed better than standard and typical multipath transmission solutions in throughput, delay, and segment disorder.

scholarly journals Profile of Haematology and Biochemistry of Aceh Polled and Horned Cow

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 01056
Author(s):  
Yudha Fahrimal ◽  
Nuzul Asmilia ◽  
Siti Aisyah ◽  
Fitri R. Yanti ◽  
Erina Erina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Blood Biochemistry ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Glucose ◽  
Harsh Conditions ◽  
Better Than

As one of the Local wisdom in Aceh, farmer prefers raising polled cow than horned cow for breeding purposes. They believe pole cow is more resilient in harsh conditions and reproductively better than the horned cow. The aim of this study was to evaluate blood profile and blood biochemistry of the aceh polled and horned cow. The blood profile examined includes erythrocyte value, erythrocyte indices MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume), MCH (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin), MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration), thrombocyte, leukocyte, hematocrit, and hemoglobin, while blood biochemistry includes protein total, glucose, cholesterol, and ureum. Blood was collected from 15 aceh horned and 15 pole cow raised at Research Institute of Improved Livestock and Livestock Fodder (BPTU HPT) Indrapuri, Aceh Besar regency, province of Aceh, Indonesia. The cows were clinically healthy and aged 1,5-2,5 years old. Blood profile was measured using a hematology analyzer and blood biochemistry was measured using a Yuesen Med and Spectrophotometer. Based on the statistic analysis, blood profile and blood biochemistry of the aceh horned and polled cow on all parameters showed no significant difference (p>0,05). It is therefore concluded that there are no different value of blood profile and blood biochemistry between polled and horned cow.

Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Mixing for Dislocated Blades in a Stirred Tank

2011 ◽  
Vol 354-355 ◽  
pp. 559-563
Author(s):  
Lei Shi ◽  
Shen Jie Zhou ◽  
Feng Ling Yang ◽  
Fan Jin Hu
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Turbulent Mixing ◽  
Stirred Tank ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Mixing Efficiency ◽  
Mixing Process ◽  
Flow Number ◽  
Stirred Tanks ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Better Than

Mixing efficiency is an important parameter in the design of many industrial processes in stirred tanks. In this study, CFD technology was used to simulate the mixing process inside the stirred tank with dislocated blades and standard turbine. Calculations were performed to study the effects of agitator speed and the configuration of impellers on mixing efficiency. The results showed that the flow field in the stirred tank with the dislocated blades is better than the standard turbine, and the flow number of the dislocated blades had been improved while the power number had been reduced. According to calculation results of Wr, we found the mixing efficiency of the dislocated blades had been improved about 4 times than that of standard turbine.

The Economical and Environmental Advantages of Growing Jatropha Curcas on Marginal Land

2011 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 1495-1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen Kuei Tseng
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Surface Cooling ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Gravel Soil ◽  
Better Than

Biomass energy is a renewable clean energy, which may transfer the perennial biomass into energy, in additions, the plants will absorb the carbon dioxide in the air to reduce the speed of global warming. In this research, the biomass plant -Jatropha curcas will be cultivated on the poor gravel soil and drought land at Taitung in Taiwan, except the economic benefits, the advantages for the surrounding environment also will be discussed. In economical terms, this study comparing the benefits between glowing Jatropha curcas and the aboriginal people’s traditional crops including corn and millet. The results show that glowing Jatropha curcas harvest in its fourth year is same with planting corn but 25% better than planting millet, and will uprise year after year. As for the advantages for the surrounding environment, glowing Jatropha curcas obscured much more sunlight than other plants, the ground surface cooling effect is more obvious, in gravel soil, it can be reduced 60% ,while in drought land is 25%. For function of soil conservation, the depth and the land coverage area of the plant’s root will be measured for estimation. From the results, one can find that planting Jatropha curcas will be better than planting corn or millet, and the performance will enhancing year after year by lasting for 35~50 years, it means that, Jatropha curcas was definitely a good choice for planting on gravel soil or drought land no matter for economical, environmental or land preservative’s sake.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Avian Retroviral Host Range Extension

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
pp. 6709-6719 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Jonah A. Rainey ◽  
Andrew Natonson ◽  
Lori F. Maxfield ◽  
John M. Coffin
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Range Extension ◽  
Receptor Interaction ◽  
Binding Studies ◽  
Unusual Variant ◽  
Avian Sarcoma ◽  
Adjacent Amino Acid ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRACT Alpharetroviruses provide a useful system for the study of the molecular mechanisms of host range and receptor interaction. These viruses can be divided into subgroups based on diverse receptor usage due to variability within the two host range determining regions, hr1 and hr2, in their envelope glycoprotein SU (gp85). In previous work, our laboratory described selection from a subgroup B avian sarcoma-leukosis virus of an extended-host-range variant (LT/SI) with two adjacent amino acid substitutions in hr1. This virus retains its ability to use the subgroup BD receptor but can also infect QT6/BD cells, which bear a related subgroup E receptor (R. A. Taplitz and J. M. Coffin, J. Virol 71:7814-7819, 1997). Here, we report further analysis of this unusual variant. First, one (L154S) of the two substitutions is sufficient for host range extension, while the other (T155I) does not alter host range. Second, these mutations extend host range to non-avian cell types, including human, dog, cat, mouse, rat, and hamster. Third, interference experiments imply that the mutants interact efficiently with the subgroup BD receptor and possibly the related subgroup E receptor, but they have another means of entry that is not dependent on these interactions. Fourth, binding studies indicate that the mutant SU proteins retain the ability to interact as monomers with subgroup BD and BDE receptors but only bind the subgroup E receptor in the context of an Env trimer. Further, the mutant SU proteins bind well to chicken cells but do not bind any better than wild-type subgroup B to QT6 or human cells, even though the corresponding viruses are capable of infecting these cells.

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