Stories of Victimization: Self-Positioning and Construction of Gender in Narratives of Abused Women

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (21-22) ◽  
pp. 4687-4712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Jarnkvist ◽  
Lotta Brännström
Keyword(s):  
Partner Violence ◽  
Abused Women ◽  
Gender Analysis ◽  
Master Narrative ◽  
Analysis Framework ◽  
Abusive Relationship ◽  
Counter Narrative ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Ideal

The objective of this article is to analyze how women who have been victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) position themselves in relation to the image of the “ideal victim” and how gender is constructed in that positioning. There is a need for a gender analysis framework to understand how various forms of femininity are constructed and how narratives linked to this can either maintain a woman in an abusive relationship or encourage her to leave. Christie’s theory of the “ideal victim” and Connell’s gender theory are applied in this study, in which the narratives of 14 female IPV victims in Sweden are analyzed using a narrative method. Three strings of narratives, representing different forms of femininity, are revealed in the material. The master narrative of the ideal victim reveals a form of femininity that describes women as inferior in relation to men. In the alternative narrative, the narrator positions herself as inferior in relation to the offender but discusses resistance. She describes herself as a caring mother who risks a great deal to protect her children. In the counter-narrative, the narrator positions herself as strong and independent in relation to the offender and as a strong and caring mother. The positioning of different narrators may shift depending on the duration of the relationship and the type of violence. The narrator may also take different positions during different phases of the story. However, the dominant narrative among the narrators is the story of the caring mother, which may have several functions and can partially be understood as a sign of the strong discourse of motherhood in society. The study contributes to a more profound understanding of the complexity related to women’s own positioning and reveals that awareness is required when attempting to understand the narratives and behavior of abused women.

scholarly journals Curriculum Review: Relationship Smarts Plus 4.0

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 196-200
Author(s):  
Alexander E. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Dating Relationships ◽  
Abusive Relationship ◽  
Curriculum Review ◽  
The Relationship

The Relationship Smarts Plus curriculum contains 13 lessons regarding identity, principles of healthy dating, and communication skills. Lessons also include warning signs of abusive relationship and address the issue of intimate partner violence. At its core, the curriculum is built to teach youth how to realistically assess their real and potential dating relationships before making commitments or engaging in behaviors that may lead to unintentional commitments. This is a useful curriculum for educators seeking to engage a teen audience with research-informed activities in an area where teens have few sources of reputable information.

scholarly journals Safety Strategy Use Among Women Seeking Temporary Protective Orders: The Relationship Between Violence Experienced, Strategy Effectiveness, and Risk Perception

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Parker ◽  
Andrea C. Gielen ◽  
Renan Castillo ◽  
Daniel Webster
Keyword(s):  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Strategy Use ◽  
Abused Women ◽  
Safety Planning ◽  
Perceived Effectiveness ◽  
Protective Orders ◽  
Planning Strategies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Safety Strategy

This study examined safety strategy use in relation to intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization, perceived effectiveness of the strategies, and perception of danger from IPV among 197 abused women. More than 90% of the women used 1 or more strategies in the 6 months prior to their interview. Severe physical and sexual violence were significantly associated with an increased use of placating strategies. Perceived effectiveness of the strategies was high yet not associated with strategy use. Increased perception of danger from IPV was significantly associated with increased use of safety planning strategies. The findings suggest that safety planning should be tailored to fit women’s specific contexts. Safety planning discussions should focus on strategies that reduce women’s risk of continued violence and build on women’s strengths.

scholarly journals Moral knowledge of students – prospective teachers as a subject of a pedagogical analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-267
Author(s):  
Anna V. Guschina
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Teachers ◽  
Golden Rule ◽  
Moral Knowledge ◽  
Current State ◽  
Pedagogical Analysis ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Graduating Students ◽  
Development Of Students ◽  
The Ideal

The goal of this paper is to study the current state of moral knowledge of students majoring in Education. The author explains the need to study the moral knowledge of students about the content of the categories moral, morality, value and the golden rule of morality. The author finds a leading method that can be used while studying the moral knowledge of future teachers it is the method of the conceptual vocabulary. The paper reveals common and different ideas of freshmen and graduating students about morality, value and the golden rule of morality. It is substantiated that the moral knowledge of freshmen is mostly ordinary knowledge, while the moral knowledge of graduating students is connected with scientific meaning. It is proved that graduating students, realizing that morality is a reflection on themselves, understand the relationship between morality and behavior in relation to another person, they understand that the relationship is the link between the side of consciousness and the behavioral side of the teachers morality; The author reveals graduating students orientation towards those taking the form of a guideline of their activities, the ideal to which the prospective teacher aspires, and values. The development of students ability to moral and pedagogical reflection of moral knowledge is defined as a prospect of upbringing the morality of prospective teachers.

Inhibiting and Facilitating Factors to End a Violent Relationship: Patterns of Behavior Among Women in Spain

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 884-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Ruiz-Pérez ◽  
Nieves Rodriguez-Madrid ◽  
Juncal Plazaola-Castaño ◽  
Isabel Montero-Piñar ◽  
Vicenta Escribà-Agüir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Partner Violence ◽  
Critical Path ◽  
Abused Women ◽  
Relationship Patterns ◽  
The Third ◽  
Facilitating Factors ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
Violent Relationship ◽  
The Ideal

The objective of this study are (a) to explore the factors, which facilitate or inhibit women’s responses to intimate partner violence (IPV) and their ability to leave a violent relationship; (b) to identify patterns of behavior in abused women based on their perception of the violence and the actions they take to find help or a solution to the problems derived from IPV. Semistructured interviews were carried out. The critical path is defined as the sequence of decisions and actions taken by affected women to address the violence they experienced. Based on this concept, we identified several factors that affect women’s responses to violence, and categorized them into inhibiting and facilitating factors. We also identified three patterns of behavior: the first one is theoretically as the ideal critical path, whereas in the third pattern the process is less like the ideal critical path.

Defining Appropriate Stages of Change for Intimate Partner Violence Survivors

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Griffin Burke ◽  
Patricia Mahoney ◽  
Andrea Gielen ◽  
Karen A. McDonnell ◽  
Patricia O’Campo
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Stages Of Change ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Transtheoretical Model ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Abused Women ◽  
Single Action ◽  
Health Care Clinics ◽  
The Relationship

Recent research suggests that the transtheoretical model of behavior change is a promising approach for interventions addressing women’s experiences of intimate partner violence. This study explores the distribution of abused women across the stages of change for (a) staying safe from intimate partner violence and (b) leaving an abusive relationship. It explores the relationship between stage assignment and other indicators of a woman’s stage (i.e., safety behaviors and desire for services). Quantitative surveys were conducted with 96 low-income, urban abused women recruited from six health care clinics. The findings call into question the appropriateness of using a staging algorithm that uses one “global” question about keeping safe and suggest that staging questions focused on a single action stage (e.g., leaving) are also problematic. In conclusion, additional work remains to be done to develop and validate quantitative measures of stages of change for survivors of intimate partner violence and to design, implement, and evaluated stage-based, tailored intimate partner violence interventions.

Economisch zelfstandig en (niet) beschermd tegen partnergeweld:1 hoe het complexe verband tussen economische zelfstandigheid en partnergeweld de noodzaak van gendersensitief beleid onderstreept

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-126
Author(s):  
Suzanne Bouma
Keyword(s):  
Partner Violence ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Financial Control ◽  
Individual Choice ◽  
Analysis Framework ◽  
Economic Independence ◽  
Ecological Analysis ◽  
Traditional Norms ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract In the Netherlands, the assumed causal relationship between employment, economic independence, and individual freedom of choice has been extended to the approach of intimate partner violence (IPV). In the interests of combating IPV, it is crucial to further investigate this relationship. Based on a literature review, this article shows that the relationship between economic independence and IPV is highly complex. To unravel this complex relationship, a socio-ecological analysis framework has been applied. First, it is a layered relation, in which employment does not necessarily lead to economic independence, which can be explained by social inequalities. Secondly, the relation is bidirectional in that women do not by definition have access to their own financial recourses due to tactics of financial control by the intimate partner. This reveals the coexistence of IPV and economic abuse, and the extent to which an intimate relationship effects the scope for individual choice. Thirdly, there is a paradoxical relationship in that employment is both a protective and a risk factor for IPV. This, in turn, cannot be separated from traditional norms about masculinity and femininity, where men occupy a position of power and derive status from being the breadwinner. These findings imply that not only the approach to IPV but also labour market policy requires a gender-sensitive approach.

Problem-Focused Coping Strategies Used by Victims of Gender Violence Across the Stages of Change

2021 ◽  
pp. 107780122110548
Author(s):  
Alicia Puente-Martinez ◽  
Silvia Ubillos-Landa ◽  
Darío Páez-Rovira
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Stages Of Change ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Gender Violence ◽  
Maladaptive Behaviors ◽  
Abusive Relationship ◽  
Female Survivors ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study compares the problem-focused emotion regulation strategies used by 200 female survivors of intimate partner violence (age: M = 40.16, SD  =  11.27, 18 – 66 years) to cope with violence throughout various stages of change (SOC). It examines the relationship between problem-focused coping strategies and positive and negative affect, and the impact of these variables on the different SOC. Results suggest that victims differ and are flexible in the use of strategies throughout the various SOC. During the initial stages, victims tend to use passive/maladaptive behaviors that hamper change, while in the later stages they use more active/adaptive strategies to leave the abusive relationship.

Partner Violence and Sexual HIV-Risk Behaviors Among Women in an Inner-City Emergency Department

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabila El-Bassel ◽  
Louisa Gilbert ◽  
Satya Krishnan ◽  
Robert F. Schilling ◽  
Theodore Gaeta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Sexual Partner ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Sexual Risk Behaviors ◽  
Abused Women ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the relationship between partner violence and sexual risk behaviors in a sample of predominantly Latina and African American women who sought medical care from a New York City hospital emergency department. Eligibility criteria selected women between the ages of 18 and 55, who were sexually active in the past 90 days, and were triaged to nonemergency care. The interview addressed demographics, partner violence, childhood abuse, sexual behavior, and drug and alcohol use. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between partner violence and history of having a sexually transmitted disease (STD) and of having sex with a risky partner. Nearly one half of the 143 respondents (46.1 %, n = 66) reported that they had experienced physical, sexual, or life-threatening abuse by a boyfriend or spouse in the past and 17.5% reported that abuse had occurred within the past year. In the univariate analyses, abused women were more likely than nonabused women to report having had an STD; engaging in sex with a risky partner; having more than one sexual partner; and being tested for HIV. After controlling for confounding variables, abused women were almost five times more likely than their counterparts to have reported an STD and four times more likely to engage in sex with a risky sexual partner. The relationship between partner violence and sexual risk behaviors among women seeking treatment in an emergency department suggests the need for the development of HIV-risk reduction strategies that address the needs of women in abusive relationships.

The Impact of Thwarted Belonging on Tolerance of Abusive Behaviors in a Romantic Relationship

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Trujillo ◽  
Heather M. Claypool
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Female Victim ◽  
Abusive Relationship ◽  
Competing Hypotheses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: This work examined the role of thwarted belonging in directing reactions to intimate partner violence (IPV). We tested two competing hypotheses. First, we offered the Insensitivity Hypothesis, which argued that excluded (compared to control) participants would indicate they were comfortable and willing to remain in an abusive relationship longer, an effect likely mediated by reduced relational needs. Second, we offered the Hypersensitivity Hypothesis, which argued that excluded (compared to control) participants would indicate they were uncomfortable and willing to leave an abusive relationship earlier, an effect likely mediated by activation of hostile cognitions. Methods: To test these, female participants underwent an exclusion or non-exclusion experience, completed measures of the hypothesized mediators, and then read a vignette describing a heterosexual romantic relationship that slowly turned more abusive. Participants took the perspective of the female victim and indicated when they would feel uncomfortable in the relationship and leave the relationship. Results: Results partially supported the Insensitivity Hypothesis, as exclusion (relative to control) lowered relational needs, and lowered relational needs predicted later desires to exit the relationship (no significant effects emerged for discomfort onset). Discussion: Implications of these findings for the belonging and IPV literatures are discussed.

Animal Maltreatment as a Risk Marker of More Frequent and Severe Forms of Intimate Partner Violence

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (23-24) ◽  
pp. 5131-5156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty Jo Barrett ◽  
Amy Fitzgerald ◽  
Rochelle Stevenson ◽  
Chi Ho Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Abusive Relationship ◽  
Abuse Severity ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Conflict Tactics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pet Abuse

Although there is a growing body of literature documenting the co-occurrence of animal abuse and intimate partner violence (IPV), only a few studies have examined the relationship between animal maltreatment, types of IPV, and abuse severity. The results of those studies have been inconclusive and in some cases even contradictory. The current study contributes new findings to that specific segment of the literature and sheds some light on the inconsistent findings in previous studies. Data were gathered from 86 abused women receiving services from domestic violence shelters across Canada via a structured survey about pet abuse and the level and types of IPV perpetrated by abusive partners. Type and severity of IPV was measured using subscales of the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2) and the Checklist of Controlling Behaviors (CCB). Animal maltreatment was measured using the Partner’s Treatment of Animals Scale (PTAS). Participants were divided into three groups: women who did not have pets during their abusive relationship ( n = 31), women who had pets and reported little or no animal maltreatment ( n = 21), and women who had pets and reported frequent or severe animal maltreatment ( n = 34). Examining within-group variations in experiences of IPV and pet abuse using a series of one-way between-groups ANOVA tests, this study provides evidence to support the conclusion that women who report that their partner mistreated their pets are themselves at significantly greater risk of more frequent and severe forms of IPV, most specifically psychological, physical, and sexual abuse. The findings point to the urgency of better understanding and mitigating the unique barriers to leaving an abusive relationship faced by women with companion animals.

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