Polyvictimization and Psychological Distress in Early Adolescence: A Mediation Model of Defense Mechanisms and Coping Styles

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (21-22) ◽  
pp. 4732-4756
Author(s):  
Gadi Zerach ◽  
Ask Elklit
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychiatric Symptomatology ◽  
Avoidance Coping ◽  
Defense Styles ◽  
And Coping

In the current study, we aim to examine the link between exposure to multiple traumatic events (polyvictimization), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms (PTSS), and psychiatric symptomatology in early adolescence. Furthermore, we aim to explore the mediating roles of defense styles and coping styles in the associations between polyvictimization, PTSS, and psychiatric symptomatology. Data from a Danish national representative sample of 390 eighth-grade students with a mean age of 13.95 ( SD = 0.37) years were used. Participants responded to validated self-report questionnaires in 2001. The dimensions of immature defense styles and emotional and avoidance coping mediated the positive associations between polyvictimization, PTSS, and psychiatric symptomatology. Serial multiple mediation indicated that the sum of exposure to traumatic events was significantly associated with more immature defense styles, associated with both high levels emotional and avoidance coping, which, in turn, were associated with high levels of PTSS and psychiatric symptomatology. Polyvictimization is related to adverse outcomes in early adolescence. Both immature defense styles and emotional and avoidance coping styles should be considered as risk factors for the development of psychological distress following exposure to multiple traumas.

Gender Differences in Grief Reactions following the Death of a Parent

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Lawrence ◽  
Elizabeth L. Jeglic ◽  
Laura T. Matthews ◽  
Carolyn M. Pepper
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Death Of A Parent ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Grief Reactions

This study examined gender differences in psychological functioning in a sample of college students who lost a parent to death. Male and female students ( n = 65) who had a parent that had died were asked to complete a series of self report questionnaires to assess psychological distress, feelings of grief and bereavement, and coping strategies. Overall, no gender differences were found between bereaved students on measures of psychological distress. However an avoidant coping style was related to symptoms of depression in females, but not in males. Students who lost a mother were more likely to report symptoms of depression, hopelessness, and suicidal ideation as compared to students who lost a father. Future research implications and the clinical importance of these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Relationship between Caretakers Variable on Occupation and Coping Strategies of Caretakers Attending to Patients with Cancer Problems

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sandhya Rani ◽  
Dr. P. Sree Devi
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Avoidance Coping ◽  
Approach And Avoidance ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Approach Coping ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Relationship

The present study makes an attempt to understand the Relationship between Caretaker Variable on Occupation and Coping Strategies of Caretakers Attending to Patients with Cancer Problems. Caretakers who were ready and willing to extend their cooperation for in-depth interview were selected as population for the study. Thus a total number of 80 caretakers were selected purposively for conducting the present study. The results revealed that caretakers used both approach and avoidance coping styles. Higher the occupational status of the care taker, better were the coping strategies i.e. they were using more approach coping strategies.

Prediction and network modelling of self-harm through daily self-report and history of self-injury

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Kyron ◽  
Geoff R. Hooke ◽  
Andrew C. Page
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Wish To Die ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Harm

Abstract Background Self-harm is a significant public health issue, and both our understanding and ability to predict adverse outcomes are currently inadequate. The current study explores how preventative efforts could be aided through short-term prediction and modelling of risk factors for self-harm. Methods Patients (72% female, Mage = 40.3 years) within an inpatient psychiatric facility self-reported their psychological distress, interpersonal circumstances, and wish to live and die on a daily basis during 3690 unique admissions. Hierarchical logistic regressions assessed whether daily changes in self-report and history of self-harm could predict self-harm, with machine learning used to train and test the model. To assess interrelationships between predictors, network and cross-lagged panel models were performed. Results Increases in a wish to die (β = 1.34) and psychological distress (β = 1.07) on a daily basis were associated with increased rates of self-harm, while a wish to die on the day prior [odds ratio (OR) 3.02] and a history of self-harm (OR 3.02) was also associated with self-harm. The model detected 77.7% of self-harm incidents (positive predictive value = 26.6%, specificity = 79.1%). Psychological distress, wish to live and die, and interpersonal factors were reciprocally related over the prior day. Conclusions Short-term fluctuations in self-reported mental health may provide an indication of when an individual is at-risk of self-harm. Routine monitoring may provide useful feedback to clinical staff to reduce risk of self-harm. Modifiable risk factors identified in the current study may be targeted during interventions to minimise risk of self-harm.

Toxic leadership: emotional distress and coping strategy

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asha Bhandarker ◽  
Snigdha Rai
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Coping Strategy ◽  
Adaptive Coping ◽  
Toxic Leadership ◽  
Avoidance Coping ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Loss Of Self ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
And Coping

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the distressing impact of toxic leadership on the mental state of the subordinates and examine the unique coping mechanisms used by them to deal with such leaders. The paper also examined the relationship between psychological distress and coping strategy used by subordinates to deal with the toxic leader. Design/methodology/approach This study presents a validity testing of two scales. The first scale was designed to measure experienced psychological distress emanating from exposure to toxic leaders, and the second scale aims to assess the coping strategies utilized by subordinates to deal with the toxic leaders. Data were collected from 570 employees working in public as well as private organizations in India. Findings The results of this paper supported the theorized two three-dimensional tools to measure: psychological distress (loss of self-worth, withdrawal and agitated) and coping strategies to deal with toxic leaders (assertive coping, avoidance coping and adaptive coping). Reliability estimates and construct validity of both the tools were established. The results also suggest that the loss of self-worth was negatively related with assertive coping, avoidance coping and adaptive coping. However, withdrawal was positively related with assertive coping and avoidance coping. Finally, agitation was positively related with avoidance and adaptive coping. Originality/value To the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the rare studies to examine together the phenomenon of both psychological distress experienced by subordinates and the coping strategies utilized by them to deal with toxic leaders.

scholarly journals The psychological distress and coping styles in the early stages of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic in the general mainland Chinese population: a web-based survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-yao Wang ◽  
Qian Xia ◽  
Zhen-zhen Xiong ◽  
Zhi-xiong Li ◽  
Wei-yi Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
General Population ◽  
Coping Style ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Epidemic Outbreak ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
History Of ◽  
Negative Coping ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
And Coping

AbstractBackgroundAs the epidemic outbreak of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), general population may experience psychological distress. Evidence has suggested that negative coping styles may be related to subsequent mental illness. Therefore, we investigate the general population’s psychological distress and coping styles in the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak.MethodsA cross-sectional battery of surveys was conducted from February 1-4, 2020. The Kessler 6 psychological distress scale, the simplified coping style questionnaire and a general information questionnaire were administered on-line to a convenience sample of 1599 in China. Spearman’s correlation was used to measure the correlations among category variables.ResultsGeneral population’s psychological distress were significant differences based on age, marriage, epidemic contact characteristics, concern with media reports, and perceived impacts of the epidemic outbreak (all p <0.001) except gender (p=0.316). Those with a history of visiting Wuhan and a history of epidemics occurring in the community, more concern with media reports, perceived more severe impacts and negative coping style had a higher level of psychological distress, which was significantly positively correlated with a history of visiting Wuhan (r=0.548, p<0.001), a history of epidemics occurring in the community (r=0.219, p<0.001), and concern with media reports (r=0.192, p<0.001). Coping styles were significantly different across all category variables (all p <0.001), and negatively correlated with other category variables (all p<0.01) except age and marriage. Psychological distress was significantly negatively correlated with the coping style (r=-0.573, p<0.01).ConclusionsIn the early stages of COVID-19, general population with epidemic contact characteristics, excessive concern with media reports, and perceived more severe impacts have higher levels of psychological distress. Psychological distress was significantly negatively correlated with the coping style. Interventions should be implemented early, especially for those population with a high level of psychological distress and/or with a negative coping style.

scholarly journals Psychological distress and coping styles of caregivers of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a longitudinal study

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 235-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica de Wit ◽  
Leonhard A. Bakker ◽  
Annerieke C. van Groenestijn ◽  
Joost F. Baardman ◽  
Leonard H. van den Berg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

scholarly journals Understanding the Differing Impacts of On-Call Work for Males and Females: Results from an Online Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadette Roberts ◽  
Grace Vincent ◽  
Sally Ferguson ◽  
Amy Reynolds ◽  
Sarah Jay
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Coping

On-call work is prevalent worldwide and is associated with adverse outcomes, including disrupted sleep, impaired leisure time, and difficulties in mentally detaching from work. Limited studies specifically explored whether men and women experience on-call differently; therefore, our aim was to investigate whether sex differences exist in terms of both the impacts of and coping strategies to deal with on-call work. On-call workers (n = 228) participated in an online survey to investigate how on-call work impacts domestic, non-domestic, and leisure activities, and coping strategies. Pearson chi-squared analyses were used to determine sex differences for each construct of interest. Results indicated that female respondents were more likely to be responsible for running their household, and reported that being on call disturbed leisure, domestic, and non-domestic activities “a lot/very much”. While both males and females adopted engaged coping styles, a greater proportion of males used “problem solving” and a greater proportion of females “talked about their feelings” when managing on-call work. These findings provide valuable insight into how males and females are differentially impacted and cope with on-call work. Further research is required to better understand these impacts, particularly over time, and should include measures such as of quality of life, relationship satisfaction, and physical and mental health outcomes.

scholarly journals Relationship between Caretakers Variable on Education and Coping Strategies of Caretakers Attending to Patients with Cancer Problems

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sandhya Rani ◽  
Dr. Nasreenbanu
Keyword(s):  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Avoidance Coping ◽  
Approach And Avoidance ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Sick Patient ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Relationship

The present study makes an attempt to understand the Relationship between Caretaker Variable on Education and Coping Strategies of Caretakers Attending to Patients with Cancer Problems.  Caretakers who were ready and willing to extend their cooperation for in-depth interview were selected as population for the study. Thus a total number of 80 caretakers were selected purposively for conducting the present study. The results revealed that caretakers used both approach and avoidance coping styles. Better the education, caretakers were used it for medical treatment and for providing medicines etc. for the sick patient.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Vaccination Attitudes With Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders: Vaccine Hesitancy and Coping Style

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yafang Xu ◽  
Yanpei Cao ◽  
Yue Ma ◽  
Yan Zhao ◽  
Hong Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Coping Style ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Avoidance Coping ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
And Coping

Background: Vaccination is an important method by which to stop the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a population. Patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) have unstable immune function and receive immunosuppressive therapy frequently, so they are hardly to make a decision to receive vaccination. Our study investigated the vaccine hesitancy and coping styles in patients with NMOSD to analyze the relationship between vaccine hesitancy and coping styles, and elucidate the factors influencing vaccine hesitancy.Methods: A convenient sampling method was used to recruit participants. The Adult Vaccine Hesitancy Scale and Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire were used to measure the vaccine hesitancy and coping style of the participants. Pearson correlation, multiple stepwise, linear regression, and one-way analysis of variance were used to analyze the data.Results: A total of 262 NMOSD patients were investigated. The score of vaccine hesitancy in NMOSD patients is lower (21.13 ± 4.355) than 25 points which indicated the patient is not considered to have vaccine hesitancy. The score for vaccine hesitancy was negatively correlated with the confrontation and avoidance coping styles (r = −0.481 and r = 0.423). That adoption of the coping styles of confrontation and avoidance as well as the residence of the patient were predictors of vaccine hesitation in NMOSD patients (R2(adj) = 0.29, P &lt; 0.001). In addition, the vaccine hesitancy scores of NMOSD patients residing in rural areas were significantly higher than those of patients living in urban areas (P &lt; 0.01). Comparing with each level of education, the scores were not statistically significant in vaccine hesitancy and coping styles (P &gt; 0.05).Conclusions: This study reveals that the NMOSD patients is not considered to have vaccine hesitancy, Patients who tend to adopt confrontation and avoidance coping styles have less vaccine hesitancy. Health authorities and medical specialist teams should strengthen effective vaccination information for patients with NMOSD, such as expert consensus or guidelines through various media to help them with decision-making. The significance of vaccination, the safety and side effects of COVID-19 vaccination and predicting of epidemiological trends of COVID-19 should be emphasized. More attention should be paid to NMOSD patients who living in rural areas.

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