Trick or Treat: Does a Microfinance Loan Induce or Reduce the Chances of Spousal Violence against Women? Answers from India

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052095768
Author(s):  
Debashree Sinha ◽  
Pradeep Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Family Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Spousal Violence ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Program Participation ◽  
The Individual

It is a common belief that microfinance plays a dual role of poverty alleviation and socioeconomic upliftment of its women participants. However, there are enough researches that negates the positive impact of microfinance loans on spousal violence. Recognized as one of the most predominant social evils, violence against women is not only a violation of their human rights but also an act of exploitation and denial of freedom. In the present study, we have tried to investigate if microfinance loan takers experience more spousal violence as compared to their counterparts by analyzing the National Family Health Survey IV, 2015–16. Our results indicate that 40.8% of women microfinance participants experience spousal violence. Additionally, the likelihood of microfinance participants to experience spousal violence is much higher than the non-microfinance participants (odds ratio = 1.35, p value = .000). Microfinance programs are designed to increase the individual agencies of women participants, which, in turn, reduce the chances of them becoming victims of spousal violence. However, if the credit program participation induces the woman to be a victim of spousal violence together with becoming financially autonomous, then such hidden costs need to be taken into account while evaluating the effectiveness of the gendered policy design.

The role of buyer-seller guanxi facets and positions in social commerce: an analysis of the buyer's perspective in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Kuei Wu ◽  
Hsiao-Chung Wu ◽  
Chih-Sung Lai
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Social Commerce ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
The Individual

PurposeThis study aims to explore how a buyer's perceived buyer-seller (B-S) guanxi facets (i.e. ganqing, renqing and mianzi) and guanxi positions (i.e. zi-ji-ren, shou-ren and sheng-ren) affect the seller's influence effectiveness (SIE) and purchase intention (PI) in social commerce.Design/methodology/approachThis study conducted an online survey in three cities of Taiwan and collected a total of 364 data. The structural equation modeling and cluster analysis were used to test research hypotheses.FindingsThe results indicate that (1) each guanxi facet exerts a different and positive impact on SIE, but only one guanxi facet – renqing – helps improve PI, (2) guanxi facets can be used to predict the buyer's perceived guanxi position toward the seller, (3) the effect of guanxi facets on SIE and PI varies across B-S guanxi positions and (4) the SIE positively mediates effects of guanxi facets on the PI.Originality/valueThis study demonstrates the individual effect of each guanxi facet on SIE and PI and affirms the implicit guanxi position features guanxi facets and determines the buyer's perceived SIE and PI as well. To the best of our knowledge, these findings are rarely proposed in previous research and are beneficial for understanding the guanxi mechanism in social commerce.

Political support for reforms of the pension system: two experiments

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANA FONTOURA GOUVEIA
Keyword(s):  
Pension System ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Pension System ◽  
Political Spectrum ◽  
The Individual

AbstractWe conduct two randomized control trials designed to understand the role of information and priming on the willingness to retrench the pension system. The first entails a survey to a sample of Portuguese voters, who are randomly presented with a text providing factual information about the public pension system. The second surveys a sample of Portuguese University students, randomly presented with an alternative order of questions. We show that more literacy on the pension system has a positive impact on the individual willingness to support reforms. Given that public opinion is usually seen as an important deterrent of effective action by politicians and that the level of voters’ literacy can be influenced by policy action, this analysis may provide useful insights to policy makers faced with the challenge of reforming existent pension systems. Our analysis also suggests that priming effects should not be ignored, given their impact in individuals in the extremes of the political spectrum.

Interim Leadership in an Era of Change

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary T Boylston ◽  
Mary Anne Peters
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Leadership Theories ◽  
Academic Setting ◽  
Faculty Role ◽  
Permanent Replacement ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Interim Leadership ◽  
The University

As dean and chair positions in baccalaureate programs in nursing are vacated, the role of the interim leader can emerge as a confusing yet crucial role during the interregnum. This can occur even if the new administrator has had a faculty role at the institution. Without a comprehensive orientation or mentorship, the interim administrator may find the role perplexing and question which tactics they need to exercise to meet the expectations of the university, faculty, and stakeholders. The following article depicts a paradigm that the interim chair may employ to achieve the goals of the institution and department. An amalgamation of leadership theories and concepts create a framework for the interim leader to employ as the search for a permanent replacement ensues. The interim chair may be able to apply some of the relevant theories and discover that there are a plethora of resources within the nursing community to assist the individual in creating a positive impact within the academic setting.

scholarly journals Similar Negotiations over Childcare? A Comparative Study of Fathers’ Parental Leave Use in Finland and Sweden

Societies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Ann-Zofie Duvander ◽  
Eleonora Mussino ◽  
Jussi Tervola
Keyword(s):  
Policy Design ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Economic Constraints ◽  
Bargaining Positions ◽  
Different Levels

Fathers’ leave use is promoted in many countries, but so far with different success. Major explanations of different usage revolve around economic bargaining between parents and economic constraints in the household. By using extensive register data from 1999–2009 in Finland and Sweden, this study asks whether fathers’ use of parental leave in the two countries is determined by the same socioeconomic characteristics on the individual and the household level once we control for sociodemographic factors. Striking similarities in what influences fathers’ use of leave in the two contexts are found, even though leave is used at very different levels and the policy design differs remarkably. Generally, fathers with a similar income level to the mother use leave the most, but in high-income households the mother’s higher income leads to the highest propensity of fathers’ leave take-up. The results indicate that equal bargaining positions are associated with fathers’ leave use but also that mothers’ stronger position often facilitates fathers’ leave. We conclude that the role of gendered bargaining positions should be studied in interaction with the level of resources in the household.

scholarly journals How Does Media Influence Social Norms? Experimental Evidence on the Role of Common Knowledge

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Arias
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Media Influence ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
New Information ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Outcomes ◽  
The Individual

How does media influence beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors? While many scholars have studied the effect of media on social and political outcomes, we know surprisingly little about the channels through which this effect operates. I argue that two mechanisms can account for its impact. Media provides new information that persuades individuals to accept it (individual channel), but also, media informs listeners about what others learn, thus facilitating coordination (social channel). Combining a field experiment with a plausibly natural experiment in Mexico, I disentangle these effects analyzing norms surrounding violence against women. I examine the effect of a radio program when it is transmitted privately versus when it is transmitted publicly. I find no evidence supporting the individual mechanism. The social channel, however, increased rejection of violence against women and increased support for gender equality, but unexpectedly increased pessimism about whether violence would decline in the future.

scholarly journals Gender Equity at Work and the Role of the Legal Factors in Albania

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Alma Hoti
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Work Relations ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors ◽  
Economic Nature

Gender equity in general, and gender equity in the context of workand work relations, has been and remains an important issue, which is sensitive and open for debate.For many scholars the gender equity is the product of social nature factors and those of economic nature . There are also many scholars who associate the degree of gender equity to the role of national or international legal factors, which consist in the role of instruments, actors, and legal institutions. What could explain the upward-downward dynamics of Gender Equity at Work (GEW) observed in Albania? The extent at which the legal factors have determined the dynamics of GEW in Albania reflects the role and degree of influence of the legal instruments, the legislative, the executive, and judiciary. What we observed in the case of Albania are two realities: 1) the availability of the necessary tools guaranteeing the GEW and 2) the active role of the legislature, the judiciary and the executive. This paper analyzes the role of instruments, legislative laws, acts of the executive, and the judiciary decisions for the period 2006-2014, and it concludes that although legal factors have a positive impact in guaranteeing GEW, the latter and its upward-downward trends in Albania, more than with the role and influence of legal factors can and should be explained with the role and influence of social and cultural factors. Gender equity at work in Albania, more than a matter of instruments, laws of the legislative, acts of the executive, or judicial decisions, it remains at a considerable degree a matter of culture and behavior of the individual on a personal level, of the social group , or that of the state institutions.

Education, Social Capital, and Economic Development (Review of Basic Studies)

2010 ◽  
pp. 112-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Natkhov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Positive Externalities ◽  
Basic Studies ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Improved Technology

Studies show that education has a positive impact on economic growth not only directly (through the development of new knowledge and improved technology), but also indirectly, by creating a favorable social environment. The educational level of the individual is significant for almost all types of social interactions. There are two hypotheses that explain this dependence. First, education reduces the level of violence in society: weapons in resolving conflicts are replaced with courts and legislative bodies, which contributes to better protection of property rights and hence economic growth. Second, education has significant positive externalities: joint training is an important part of socialization and formation of shared mental models. While not mutually exclusive, these hypotheses point to the crucial role of education in the accumulation of social capital.

Associations of Power Relations, Wife-Beating Attitudes, and Controlling Behavior of Husband With Domestic Violence Against Women in India: Insights From the National Family Health Survey–4

2021 ◽  
pp. 107780122097879
Author(s):  
Dinabandhu Mondal ◽  
Pintu Paul
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Wife Beating ◽  
Spousal Violence ◽  
National Family Health Survey ◽  
National Family ◽  
Controlling Behavior ◽  
Women In India

This study assesses the relationship of power relations, attitudes toward wife-beating, and controlling behavior of husband with violence against women in India using the recent National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4). In India, about 31% of ever-married women experienced domestic violence committed by their partner during 2015-16. Women’s decision-making power was associated with a decreased likelihood of spousal violence. However, the justification of wife-beating and controlling behavior of husband increased the risk of intimate partner violence. This study emphasizes the need for prioritizing girls’ education, enhancing women’s autonomy, prevention of child marriage, and promoting gender equality in society to address the problem of spousal violence.

Is consanguineous marriage related to spousal violence in India? Evidence from the National Family Health Survey, 2015–16

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Margubur Rahaman ◽  
Shalini Sen ◽  
Md Juel Rana ◽  
Saswata Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Consanguineous Marriage ◽  
Spousal Violence ◽  
National Family Health Survey ◽  
The World ◽  
National Family

Abstract Violence against women is a global phenomenon, and intimate partner violence is the most common form of violence faced by women in the world. Around 30% of women in the world, on average, and 33% in India experience intimate partner violence during their lifetime. The main aim of this study was to investigate whether consanguinity protects women from spousal violence. National Family Health Survey 2015–16 (NFHS-4) data were used. The study sample comprised 60,824 currently married women aged 15–49 years. The results of the logistic regression model showed that the likelihood of all types of spousal violence against women was higher among consanguineous unions compared with non-consanguineous unions in India. The association between consanguineous marriage and spousal violence was found to be positive and significant in the southern and eastern regions of India and among Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. The association was not significant among Muslims. Differences in socio-cultural norms and practices across the regions of India, and among different socio-cultural groups, can perhaps explain these variations. Women belonging in higher age groups, from Other Backward Castes, those who were working and those with a low level of educational attainment and socioeconomic standing had a higher risk of experiencing intimate partner violence. Couples in a consanguineous marriage should be given adequate counselling to reduce intimate partner violence in India, and similarly culturally diverse countries. This would also help reach Target 5.2 of the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030.

Short-Term Effects of the Empathic Talk: The Role of Perceived Empathy, Interpersonal Dispositions, and Vagal Tone on Experiencing Depth

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Dufey ◽  
Juan Enrique Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Vagal Tone ◽  
Interpersonal Functioning ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Healthy Functioning ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractThe present study examines the immediate impact of empathic attitudes on the receiver, by comparing an empathic conversation (EC) with a neutral one (NC) on experiencing depth (EXP), perceived empathy and vagal tone. We also evaluate if empathy effects depend on personality dispositions relevant to interpersonal functioning. An experimental, counterbalanced, within-subject design was implemented wherein participants (n = 27, age M = 22.6, SD = 4.0, 52% females) talked about a personal, meaningful topic for 20 minutes under both the EC and NC conditions. At the group level, main results indicated that the EC was more effective than the NC in promoting increases in EXP over time (F(1, 25) = 21.04, p < .001, ηp2 = .457) and perceived empathy in women (F(1, 25) = 9.42, p = .005, ηp2 = .264). At the individual level, the NC particularly precluded EXP gains in people expressing a better interpersonal functioning (βs < –.46, ps < .05 for attachment security and empathy and β = .38, p < .05 for aggression), and who also inhibited their vagal tone throughout this very condition (β = .40, p = .024). We conclude that the empathic context has an immediate positive impact on healthy psychological variables, whereas a more impersonal setting would drive people away from this positive effect. Those results are discussed in the light of the role of interpersonal proximity (being empathic to another’s experience and the lack of this attitude) in psychotherapy and healthy functioning.

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