scholarly journals Gender Equity at Work and the Role of the Legal Factors in Albania

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Alma Hoti
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Work Relations ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors ◽  
Economic Nature

Gender equity in general, and gender equity in the context of workand work relations, has been and remains an important issue, which is sensitive and open for debate.For many scholars the gender equity is the product of social nature factors and those of economic nature . There are also many scholars who associate the degree of gender equity to the role of national or international legal factors, which consist in the role of instruments, actors, and legal institutions. What could explain the upward-downward dynamics of Gender Equity at Work (GEW) observed in Albania? The extent at which the legal factors have determined the dynamics of GEW in Albania reflects the role and degree of influence of the legal instruments, the legislative, the executive, and judiciary. What we observed in the case of Albania are two realities: 1) the availability of the necessary tools guaranteeing the GEW and 2) the active role of the legislature, the judiciary and the executive. This paper analyzes the role of instruments, legislative laws, acts of the executive, and the judiciary decisions for the period 2006-2014, and it concludes that although legal factors have a positive impact in guaranteeing GEW, the latter and its upward-downward trends in Albania, more than with the role and influence of legal factors can and should be explained with the role and influence of social and cultural factors. Gender equity at work in Albania, more than a matter of instruments, laws of the legislative, acts of the executive, or judicial decisions, it remains at a considerable degree a matter of culture and behavior of the individual on a personal level, of the social group , or that of the state institutions.

Entrepreneurship in regions: differentiated impacts of the socio cultural and gender types

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Mancilla ◽  
José Ernesto Amorós
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Fear Of Failure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reference Models ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Secondary City

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the differentiated impact of factors that influence the propensity to entrepreneur in a sample of people in Chile. A distinction is made between individuals that live in primary cities and secondary cities. The differentiating factors are socio‐cultural aspects (reference models – positive examples of entrepreneurs – and perception of social fear of failure) and the gender of the individual. Design/methodology/approach For the research data from the survey used in Chile by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor for the years 2010 and 2011 were used. A logit model was used to determine the differentiated impact of the analysed factors and interactions were done using the method proposed by Corneliâen and Sonderhof (2009). Findings These showed that the fact that an individual lives in a secondary city decreases his entrepreneurship probability. The positive impact that the reference models have is weaker in women. Contrary to what was expected, the negative impact of the fear of failure perception is weaker in women. Practical implications These results have the implications to suggest focused public policies and differentiations that consider the socio‐cultural, territorial (focused in cities) and gender aspects. Originality/value The research contributes by giving empirical evidence of the existence of the negative impact of living in a secondary city and of differentiated effects of socio‐cultural factors from the gender perspective.

scholarly journals A multidimensional model of healthy ageing: proposal and evaluation of determinants based on a population survey in Ecuador

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Fernanda Rivadeneira ◽  
María José Mendieta ◽  
Jessica Villavicencio ◽  
José Caicedo-Gallardo ◽  
Patricio Buendía
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Healthy Ageing ◽  
World Health ◽  
Multidimensional Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intrinsic Capacity ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background Healthy ageing is a complex construct which involves multiple dimensions. Previous studies of healthy ageing have focused only on measuring the intrinsic capacity of the older person. The objectives of this study were to design a multidimensional model of healthy ageing and to identify its determinants from national data in Ecuador. Methods A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out from the National Survey of Health and Well-being of the Older Adult, 2010. Sample was 1797 adults aged 65 years or more. A multidimensional model was designed based on the World Health Organization’s concept of healthy ageing. For the analysis, two groups were created: a healthy ageing and a less healthy ageing group. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to analyze the probability of belonging to the healthy group according to sex, age, area of ​​residence, level of education, perceived health status, perceived life satisfaction, and poverty by income level. Results The 53.15% of the sample was classified in the healthy ageing group. Women and the poorest older adults were less likely to be in the healthy ageing group (OR 0.58; 95% CI 0.464–0.737; OR 0.44; 95% CI 0.343–0.564). Older adults with secondary education or higher, who considered their health as excellent and who were satisfied with their life, had a greater probability of being in healthy ageing group (OR 2.61; 95% CI 1.586–4.309; OR 28.49; 95% CI 3.623–224.02; OR 0.23; 95% CI 0.165–0.341). Conclusions This study contributes with a multidimensional approach to healthy ageing. It proposes to evaluate the intrinsic capacity of the individual, the social and political environment and the interaction with it, through indicators that discriminate who are ageing in a healthy way and who are not. By using this model, it was identified that gender and economic situation seem to play an important role on heathy ageing of the Ecuadorian population. Public policies are necessary to promote healthy ageing, especially focused on improving socioeconomic conditions and gender equity.

Trick or Treat: Does a Microfinance Loan Induce or Reduce the Chances of Spousal Violence against Women? Answers from India

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052095768
Author(s):  
Debashree Sinha ◽  
Pradeep Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Family Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Spousal Violence ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Program Participation ◽  
The Individual

It is a common belief that microfinance plays a dual role of poverty alleviation and socioeconomic upliftment of its women participants. However, there are enough researches that negates the positive impact of microfinance loans on spousal violence. Recognized as one of the most predominant social evils, violence against women is not only a violation of their human rights but also an act of exploitation and denial of freedom. In the present study, we have tried to investigate if microfinance loan takers experience more spousal violence as compared to their counterparts by analyzing the National Family Health Survey IV, 2015–16. Our results indicate that 40.8% of women microfinance participants experience spousal violence. Additionally, the likelihood of microfinance participants to experience spousal violence is much higher than the non-microfinance participants (odds ratio = 1.35, p value = .000). Microfinance programs are designed to increase the individual agencies of women participants, which, in turn, reduce the chances of them becoming victims of spousal violence. However, if the credit program participation induces the woman to be a victim of spousal violence together with becoming financially autonomous, then such hidden costs need to be taken into account while evaluating the effectiveness of the gendered policy design.

‘By Small Things Revealed’

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Millett
Keyword(s):  
Active Role ◽  
Individual Study ◽  
Roman Britain ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Small Things

The study of rural settlement in Roman Britain is undergoing a period of re-evaluation and change. In the past, work has focused on the individual study sites, especially villas. Now there is an increasing interest in the exploitation of whole landscapes, with an emphasis on the people who lived in them and the ways that they exploited the resources available to them. These trends are reviewed, and a case study is presented based on the author’s fieldwork in East Yorkshire. Given that the bulk of the population of Roman Britain lived in the countryside, emphasis is placed on understanding the active role of these people in creating the culture of Roman Britain.

Resistance and Persistence: An Expectancy-Value Approach to Understanding Women’s Participation in a Male-Defined Sport

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moira E. Stuart ◽  
Diane E. Whaley
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Significant Others ◽  
Gender Role Socialization ◽  
Expectancy Value ◽  
Role Socialization ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
The Usa ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual

Achievement choices emanate from a variety of individual and contextual factors, including the influence of significant others and gender-role socialization. An understanding of these factors is important for promoting participation in sport, particularly for women engaged in masculine-typed sports. Five members of the USA women’s wrestling team were interviewed regarding the personal and contextual variables that influenced their choice to wrestle. Questions focused on the athletes’ expectations of success and value for wrestling, their identity as a wrestler, the role of significant others, and the cultural context of wrestling for women. Results revealed that each woman had a strong wrestling identity, had high perceptions of ability, and placed high value on achieving in wrestling. Parents and coaches were the main providers of wrestling opportunities; however, negative interpretations of their involvement from a variety of significant others outnumbered positive influences. While the individual factors confirm sources that would lead a person to select and persist at an achievement task, societal messages did not support these choices. Discussion centers on issues of resistance, persistence, and applied messages.

Global Megatrends and the Macroeconomics of Gender

2019 ◽  
pp. 417-435
Author(s):  
Kalpana Kochhar ◽  
Sonali Jain-Chandra ◽  
Monique Newiak
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Economic Diversification ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change ◽  
Demographic Shifts ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

This chapter examines global megatrends such as demographic shifts, technological progress, globalization, and climate change and emphasizes the important role of gender equality in mitigating their adverse consequences. The chapter first discusses demographic change, globalization, technological progress, and climate change before explaining how the main challenges posed by these megatrends could be offset by increasing gender equality, providing more equal access to economic opportunities for women, and boosting female economic participation. In particular, it considers ways of mitigating the impact of population ageing, harnessing urbanization for growth and gender equity, catalysing change to reduce income inequality, accelerating economic diversification, and mitigating vulnerability to climate change. The chapter concludes with an evaluation of policy options for mitigating the risks posed by megatrends through gender equality, such as unleashing fiscal policy, easing the burden of non-market work, and removing legal discrimination against women.

A good approach to neural and behavioural development but would be even better if set in a broader context

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-335
Author(s):  
Patrick Bateson
Keyword(s):  
Active Role ◽  
Attractive Feature ◽  
Behavioural Development ◽  
Infancy And Childhood ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Brain

AbstractAn attractive feature of Neuroconstructivism, Vol. I: How the Brain Constructs Cognition is its emphasis on the active role of the individual in neural and behavioural development and the importance of the interplay with the environment. Certain aspects of development are omitted, however, such as specializations for the distinctive ecologies of infancy and childhood and the scaffolding-like features of behaviour seen during development. It was also a pity that so little credit was given to many scientists who have contributed to just those aspects of development on which the authors focus.

scholarly journals Is Gender a Driver of Topic Choice? A Comparative Keyword Analysis of Political Cable News Interviews

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mariasophia Falcone ◽  
Belinda Crawford Camiciottoli
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Gun Control ◽  
Cable News ◽  
Political News ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
News Networks ◽  
And Gender ◽  
American Society ◽  
News Interviews

Cable news networks have become an increasingly important source of political news in the United States. They wield considerable influence on public opinion, particularly in relation to current issues involving social roles and gender dynamics. This study offers insights into how the choice of topic in political cable news interviews may be influenced by the gender of participants. A corpus of 40 political cable news interviews was compiled and analyzed on the basis of various combinations of male and female interviewers and interviewees. Corpus software was implemented to extract keywords that were then grouped to identify prominent topics according to gender. Topics discussed exclusively among male participants were more issue oriented (i.e., immigration, healthcare, the economy, and gun control) as compared to those discussed exclusively among female participants that were more in social nature (i.e., personal matters, the Kavanaugh Supreme Court nomination, and tech giants in the context of social justice). Results showed that topics emerging from the female participants’ discourse were aligned with some widely held perceptions of women’s speech. At the same time, other features of the female participants’ speech appeared to be driven largely by their professional and institutional roles, and thus, not aligned with stereotypical perceptions. The findings have implications for the role of media and cable news in contemporary American society in avoiding the perpetration of gender-related topic bias.

scholarly journals The Spiritual Role of Art

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 59-84
Author(s):  
Ludwig Tuman
Keyword(s):  
Spiritual Growth ◽  
Divine Revelation ◽  
Social Harmony ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Human Creativity ◽  
The World ◽  
Original Objective ◽  
The Individual

A study of passages from the Bahá’í writings indicates that art can render services of a mystical, moral, and social nature. Such services taken together constitute the spiritual role of art, whose highest purpose is to ennoble the individual soul and the collective life of humanity. When playing such a role, art draws its inspiration from the vision of life unfolded in divine Revelation, harmonizes with the fundamental teachings of the world’s major religions, and seeks to reinforce their original objective, which is to foster spiritual growth and social harmony. In realizing a spiritual role, art employs beauty, whose purpose both in the world of creation and in the realm of human creativity is to attract the soul toward its Creator and to draw it into a spiral or spiritual growth. Art also employs emotion, which can reinforce the various facets of the service art renders.

scholarly journals DESENTRALISASI PENDIDIKAN DAN PERAN AKTIF MASYARAKAT MENUUJU PENDIDIKAN BERKUALITAS

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Ervannudin Dan Bima Wahyu Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Education Quality ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Delegation Of Authority ◽  
The Face ◽  
Democratic System ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Nations Community

<p align="center">Abstract<strong></strong></p><p>Education is the key for a country to win the competition in today's era. The era of globalization has had implications for all aspects of our lives. Both positive and negative impacts. The positive impact of these developments such as the implementation of democracy in our country. The democratic system automatically make decentralization as a way to run this system. Decentralization as an attempt delegation of authority from superiors to subordinates to achieve a common goal.Decentralization of education to make officials and actors in the region have the authority to regulate and manage their own their own potential. However, there are many things that keep pace with the development of this run. As well as the opportunities, challenges, obstacles and the active role of society towards quality education. Opportunities that looks real is the potential of what we have. Such as human resource potential is quite large. These opportunities coupled with the implementation of MEAs in the year 2016. MEA becomes the arena for success not only in our country alone, but without success on the international arena area. As for the obstacles that lurk is the readiness of all elements of education in this country in the face of these challenges. However, we need not fear because we had something different from other nations. Community participation into something different and distinctive for the nation of Indonesia. </p><p><strong>Key Word :</strong> Decentralization, Education, Quality<strong></strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Pendidikan adalah kunci bagi suatu negara untuk memenangkan persaingan di era sekarang ini. Era globalisasi membawa dampak bagi segala lini kehidupan kita. Dampak positif maupun dampak negatif. Dampak positif dari perkembangan ini seperti terlaksananya demokrasi di negara kita. Sistem demokrasi dengan otomatis menjadikan desentralisasi sebagai jalan untuk menjalankan sistem ini. Desentralisasi sebagai upaya pelimpahan wewenang dari atasan kepada bawahan untuk mencapai tujuan bersama. Desentralisasi pendidikan menjadikan pejabat dan pelaku di daerah memiliki wewenang untuk mengatur dan mengelola sendiri potensinya sendiri. Namun demikian ada banyak hal yang mengikuti dengan perkembangan yang dijalankan ini. Seperti halnya peluang, tantangan, hambatan serta peran aktif masyarakat untuk menuju pendidikan yang berkualitas. Peluang yang terlihat nyata adalah potensi dari apa yang kita miliki. Seperti potensi sumber daya manusia yang cukup besar. Peluang ini ditambah dengan diberlakukannya MEA pada tahun 2016 ini. MEA menjadi arena untuk meraih kesuksesan bukan hanya di negara kita saja tetapi meraih sukses pada kancah kawasan internasional. Adapun hambatan yang mengintai adalah kesiapan segenap elemen pendidikan di negara ini dalam menghadapi tantangan ini. Namun demikian kita tidak perlu takut karena kita punya sesuatu yang berbeda dari bangsa lain. Peran serta masyarakat menjadi sesuatu yang berbeda dan khas bagi bangsa indonesia.</p><p><strong>Kata Kunci :</strong> Desentralisasi, Pendidikan, Kualitas.</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document