scholarly journals Age-Related Differences in Medication Adherence, Symptoms, and Stigma in Poorly Adherent Adults With Bipolar Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 250-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Smilowitz ◽  
Awais Aftab ◽  
Michelle Aebi ◽  
Jennifer Levin ◽  
Curtis Tatsuoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Significant Finding ◽  
Internalized Stigma ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Over Time

Objective: We present a secondary analysis of data reporting differences in medication adherence, psychiatric symptom severity, and internalized stigma levels in older (age ≥ 55 years) versus younger (age < 55 years) adults with bipolar disorder (BD) and poor medication adherence. Methods: Data used for this analysis came from 184 participants in a National Institute of Mental Health–funded randomized controlled trial, comparing a customized adherence enhancement (CAE) intervention intended to promote BD medication adherence with a BD-specific educational program (EDU). At screen, study participants were ≥20% nonadherent with BD medications as measured by the Tablets Routine Questionnaire (TRQ). Psychiatric symptoms, functional status, and internalized stigma were measured using validated scales. Results: Older adults had significantly lower anxiety disorder comorbidity ( P < .01 for 1 or more anxiety disorders), depressive symptom severity scores ( P = .011), and self-stigma scores ( P = .001) compared to their younger counterparts. In the analyses evaluating change over time in TRQ between older and younger participants by treatment arm (ie, CAE and EDU), there was a significant finding of interaction between time, age-group, and treatment arm ( P = .007). Conclusions: Older adults may be less anxious and depressed, with less self-stigma, compared to younger people with BD and poor adherence. With respect to medication adherence, older individuals in EDU appear to do less well than younger individuals over time.

scholarly journals Developing a recovery-focused therapy for older people with bipolar disorder: a qualitative focus group study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e049829
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Tyler ◽  
Fiona Lobban ◽  
Rita Long ◽  
Steven H Jones
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Older People ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Focus Group Study ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

ObjectivesAs awareness of bipolar disorder (BD) increases and the world experiences a rapid ageing of the population, the number of people living with BD in later life is expected to rise substantially. There is no current evidence base for the effectiveness of psychological interventions for older adults with BD. This focus group study explored a number of topics to inform the development and delivery of a recovery-focused therapy (RfT) for older adults with BD.DesignA qualitative focus group study.SettingThree focus groups were conducted at a university in the North West of England.ParticipantsEight people took part in the focus groups; six older adults with BD, one carer and one friend.ResultsParticipant’s responses clustered into six themes: (1) health-related and age-related changes in later life, (2) the experience of BD in later life, (3) managing and coping with BD in later life, (4) recovery in later life, (5) seeking helping in the future and (6) adapting RfT for older people.ConclusionsParticipants reported a range of health-related and age-related changes and strategies to manage their BD. Participants held mixed views about using the term ‘recovery’ in later life. Participants were in agreement that certain adaptations were needed for delivering RfT for older adults, based on their experience of living with BD in later life. The data collected as part of the focus groups have led to a number of recommendations for delivering RfT for older adults with BD in a randomised controlled trial (Clinical Trial Registration: ISRCTN13875321).

Age Differences in the Social Associative Learning of Trust Information

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendra Leigh Seaman ◽  
Alexander P. Christensen ◽  
Katherine Senn ◽  
Jessica Cooper ◽  
Brittany Shane Cassidy
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Social Cues ◽  
Trust Game ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Social ◽  
Over Time

Trust is a key component of social interaction. Older adults, however, often exhibit excessive trust relative to younger adults. One explanation is that older adults may learn to trust differently than younger adults. Here, we examine how younger (N=33) and older adults (N=30) learn to trust over time. Participants completed a classic iterative trust game with three partners. Younger and older adults shared similar amounts but differed in how they shared money. Compared to younger adults, older adults invested more with untrustworthy partners and less with trustworthy partners. As a group, older adults displayed less learning than younger adults. However, computational modeling shows that this is because older adults are more likely to forget what they have learned over time. Model-based fMRI analyses revealed several age-related differences in neural processing. Younger adults showed prediction error signals in social processing areas while older adults showed over-recruitment of several cortical areas. Collectively, these findings suggest that older adults attend to and learn from social cues differently from younger adults.

scholarly journals The course of bipolar disorder in pregnant versus non-pregnant women

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja W. M. M. Stevens ◽  
Stasja Draisma ◽  
Peter J. J. Goossens ◽  
Birit F. P. Broekman ◽  
Adriaan Honig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Mood Symptoms ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Course Variables

Abstract Background and rationale Although it has been suggested that pregnancy may influence the course of bipolar disorder (BD), studies show contradictory results. Until now, no studies included a finegrained validated method to report mood symptoms on a daily basis, such as the lifechart method (LCM). The aim of the present study is to investigate the course of BD during pregnancy by comparing LCM scores of pregnant and non-pregnant women. Methods Study design: Comparison of LCM scores of two prospective observational BD cohort studies, a cohort of pregnant women (n = 34) and a cohort of non-pregnant women of childbearing age (n = 52). Main study parameters are: (1) proportions of symptomatic and non-symptomatic days; (2) symptom severity, frequency, and duration of episodes; (3) state sequences, longitudinal variation of symptom severity scores. Results No differences in clinical course variables (symptomatic days, average severity scores, frequency, and duration of episodes in BD were found between pregnant and non-pregnant women. With a combination of State Sequence Analysis (SSA) and cluster analysis on the sequences of daily mood scores three comparable clusters were found in both samples: euthymic, moderately ill and severely ill. The distribution differences between pregnant and non-pregnant women were significant, with a majority of the pregnant women (68%) belonging to the moderately ill cluster and a majority of the non-pregnant women (46%) to the euthymic cluster. In pregnant women the average daily variation in mood symptoms as assessed with Shannon’s entropy was less than in non-pregnant women (respectively 0.43 versus 0.56). Conclusions Although the use of daily mood scores revealed no difference in overall course of BD in pregnant versus non-pregnant women, more pregnant than non-pregnant women belonged to the moderately ill cluster, and during pregnancy the variation in mood state was less than in non-pregnant women. Further research is necessary to clarify these findings.

AGE-RELATED DIFFERENCES IN MEDICATION ADHERENCE, SYMPTOMS, FUNCTIONING, AND STIGMA LEVELS IN POORLY-ADHERENT ADULTS WITH BIPOLAR DISORDER

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. S116-S117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Smilowitz ◽  
Awais Aftab ◽  
Michelle Aebi ◽  
Jennifer Levin ◽  
Martha Sajatovic
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF INTERGENERATIONAL CONTACT: BEYOND ATTITUDES TOWARD AGING

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S626-S626
Author(s):  
Shelbie Turner ◽  
Karen Hooker ◽  
Shannon E Jarrott
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Intergenerational Relationships ◽  
Intergenerational Relationship ◽  
Comprehensive Theory ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Valid Instrument ◽  
Intergenerational Interactions ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Over Time

Abstract In our presentation, we will offer insights into our process of creating and validating a comprehensive theory- and evidence- informed measure of intergenerational contact that expands beyond the measurement of age-related attitudes. While attitudinal shifts are an important construct related to intergenerational contact and its impact on ageism, efforts to “Reframe Aging” require a more nuanced understanding of the mechanisms by which intergenerational contact can have positive impacts on individuals, families, and communities. Intergenerational contact is dynamic; it varies both between- and within- people, dyads, and places, as well as over time. Our measure includes quantity and qualities of intergenerational contact, including the extent to which the contact is between family vs. non-family members. Unlike existing measures of intergenerational relationship, ours reflects young persons’ and older adults’ intergenerational relationships. A psychometrically valid instrument of intergenerational contact is an essential first-step for determining how aging can be reframed through intergenerational interactions.

Challenges faced by older adults with vision loss: a qualitative study with implications for rehabilitation

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 748-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verena R Cimarolli ◽  
Kathrin Boerner ◽  
Mark Brennan-Ing ◽  
Joann P Reinhardt ◽  
Amy Horowitz
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Functional Domain ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Vision Rehabilitation ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Over Time

Objective: To provide an in-depth assessment of challenges faced by older adults with recent vision loss and to determine changes in the nature of these challenges over time for the purpose of informing the design of vision rehabilitation services. Design: Longitudinal, qualitative study with three time points. Setting: Vision rehabilitation agency. Subjects: Three hundred and sixty-four older adults aged 65 with significant vision impairment due to age-related macular degeneration. Interventions: In-person interviews conducted at baseline, one year and two years and coded using a qualitative analytical approach. Main measures: Open-ended questions assessing challenges faced due to vision loss in functional, social and psychological life domains. Results: Almost all participants reported a wide variety of challenges across all three domains with the most variety in the functional domain. Over a two-year period, functional challenges (e.g. using transportation) increased, social challenges (e.g. recognizing people) remained stable, and psychological challenges (e.g. negative affect) decreased overall. Conclusions: Although functional challenges are predominant, social and psychological challenges are quite common and need to be addressed in vision rehabilitation. Rehabilitation planning should also consider that vision-related challenges can change over time.

scholarly journals Introducing the Attitudes toward Technology Longitudinal Aging Study (ATLAS): Initial Wave 1 Findings

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 951-952
Author(s):  
Robin Stuart
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Mobile Device ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Attitudes Toward Technology ◽  
Technology Proficiency ◽  
Adoption Of Technology ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
Longitudinal Aging Study ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Differences between younger and older adults' use and adoption of technology have declined over the past two decades, though the mechanisms behind observed trends are uncertain. Few longitudinal studies have tried to capture detailed changes in technology attitudes, adoption, and usage over time among older adults. This presentation presents newly collected data from the first wave of the Attitudes toward Technology Longitudinal Aging Study (ATLAS), a 5-wave questionnaire-based longitudinal study of older adults' attitudes toward technology and levels of technology use (N = 88; Men = 30; Women = 58; Mage = 69.7 years). We present baseline characteristics of Wave 1 and explore predictors of technology use, adoption, and proficiency. Waves 2 through 5 will assess changes in these domains. Wave 1 results replicated previous findings in that older age was associated with lower computer and mobile device proficiency (computer: r = -.219*, p &lt; .05 , mobile device: r = -.291**, p &lt; .01). However, there was variability among both types of proficiency (McomputerProf = 27.39, SD = 3.57 ; MmobileProf = 31.52, SD = 9.21), indicating room for change over time. Both types of proficiency were correlated with level of technology use (computer: r = -.219*, p &lt; .05 , mobile device: r = -.572***, p &lt; .001). Taken together, these initial relationships suggest the possibility that future waves will see changes in technology use predicted by changes in age-related differences in technology proficiency and attitudes.

scholarly journals Change in Medication Adherence and Beliefs in Medicines Over Time in Older Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Unni ◽  
Olayinka O Shiyanbola ◽  
Karen B Farris
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Adherence Behavior ◽  
Improve Medication Adherence ◽  
Lower Baseline ◽  
Item Scale ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Lower Adherence ◽  
Predictors Of Change

<p><strong>OBJECTIVE:</strong> The temporal component of medication adherence is important while designing interventions to improve medication adherence. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine how medication adherence and beliefs in medicines change over time in older adults.</p> <p><strong>METHODS:</strong> A two-year longitudinal internet-based survey among adults 65+ years was used to collect data on medication adherence (Morisky 4-item scale) and beliefs in medicines (Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire). Paired t-test and one-way ANOVA determined if a change in beliefs in medicines and medication adherence over time was significant. A multiple linear regression was used to determine the significant predictors of change in medication adherence over time.</p> <p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> 436 respondents answered both baseline and follow-up surveys. Among all respondents, there was no significant change in adherence (0.58 ± 0.84 vs. 0.59 ± 0.84; p &gt; 0.05), necessity beliefs (17.13 ± 4.31 vs. 17.10 ± 4.29; p &gt; 0.05), or concern beliefs (11.70 ± 3.73 vs. 11.68 ± 3.77; p &gt; 0.05) over time. For older adults with lower baseline adherence, there was a statistically significant improvement in adherence (1.45 ± 0.70 vs. 0.99 ± 0.97; p &lt; 0.05); but no change in beliefs in medicines over time. The significant predictors of change in medication adherence over time were baseline adherence and baseline concern beliefs in medicines.</p> <p><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> With baseline adherence and baseline concern beliefs in medicines playing a significant role in determining change in adherence behavior over time, especially in individuals with lower adherence, it is important to alleviate medication concerns at the beginning of therapy for better adherence.</p>

scholarly journals Age as an Element of Diversity: Intergenerational Discussion to Improve Age-Related Attitudes

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 532-532
Author(s):  
Lisa Wagner ◽  
Tana Luger
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Older People ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Educational Funding ◽  
Health Funding ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Generational Groups ◽  
Societal Problems ◽  
Over Time

Abstract All generations must work together solving societal problems, yet age-related stereotypes are used to divide generations. Age derogation motivates younger people to vote by creating fear of an older White voting generation (Dear young people, don’t vote; 2018), and to belittle older people (“Okay, Boomer…”). Demonizing older people creates prejudice within families asking that people target loved ones, for example, by pitting educational funding for young against health funding for older adults. Neither group wins when divisiveness occurs. Generation to Generation, an intergenerational course for older and younger adults, promotes intergenerational contact. Students discuss topical issues (e.g., racism) in multi-generational groups. Using pretest-posttest design, all students were invited to complete questionnaires at beginning and end of term. Younger adults reported significant increases in affection, comfort, kinship, engagement and enthusiasm for older adults, whereas older adults showed stability over time. Intergenerational discussion may facilitate improved connections between generations.

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