The Relationship of Melt Viscosity Measurements to Aspect Ratio Reduction in Filled Thermoplastic Systems

1988 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-183
Author(s):  
Michael P. Sepe
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Melt Viscosity ◽  
Viscosity Measurements ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ratio Reduction

Tire Treadwear — A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Factors: Generic Type, Aspect Ratio, Tread Pattern, and Tread Composition Part I: Introduction and Details on the Organization of the Program

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Veith
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Systematic Determination ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This four-part series of papers addresses the problem of systematic determination of the influence of several tire factors on tire treadwear. Both the main effect of each factor and some of their interactive effects are included. The program was also structured to evaluate the influence of some external-to-tire conditions on the relationship of tire factors to treadwear. Part I describes the experimental design used to evaluate the effects on treadwear of generic tire type, aspect ratio, tread pattern (groove or void level), type of pattern (straight rib or block), and tread compound. Construction procedures and precautions used to obtain a valid and functional test method are included. Two guiding principles to be used in the data analyses of Parts II and III are discussed. These are the fractional groove and void concept, to characterize tread pattern geometry, and a demonstration of the equivalence of wear rate for identical compounds on whole tread or multi-section tread tires.

Influence of Geometric Effects on the Aspect Ratio Optimization of Axial Turbine Bladings

1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Rist
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Absolute Size ◽  
Axial Turbine ◽  
Flow Channels ◽  
Best Value ◽  
Loss Coefficients ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ratio Optimization ◽  
Geometric Effects

In order to illustrate optimization possibilities, the cooled axial turbine stage has been investigated regarding aerothermodynamics. Aims of the study are: (a) to estimate the range of the aspect ratio in which the aerothermodynamic efficiency, under comparable conditions, is not less than 0.2 percent under the best value in order to acquire tolerances for the best possible blading design when considering other design and aspects; (b) to acquire the relationship of the turbine loss coefficients and efficiencies to the absolute size of the flow channels, i.e. (also) to the hot gas flowrate. This is important for fair comparison of smaller and larger machines as well as for realistic judgments and prognosis pertaining especially to small units.

scholarly journals Otolith Morphometrics of Selar Crumenophthalmus From Kema Strait

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Rofino Taliawo ◽  
Fransine B Manginsela ◽  
Nego E. Bataragoa
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
R Package ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
R Program ◽  
Area And Perimeter ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Otolith or ear stone of fish,  known as a result of biomineralization which takes place in the body of the fish. In some studies, otolith used to estimate age and stock structure of the fish.  The otolith  was categorized into three  types called sagitta, lagena and utrikulus and  the most widely studied. This study was designed to describe the characteristics  of the otolith of S. crumenophthalmus  by implementing  six index form descriptors.Tthe  study also dimed at determinition the relationship of fish length and otolith length as well as otolith width .  Linear regression approch was used to analyse the relationship of fish length and whole characteristics otolith . Those parameters were analysed using Excel and application R program  ( the package the FSA ). The results  show that otolith S.crumenophthalmus  sagitta has 6 descriptor indicees thatt are as follow: 1) the irregular surface (from factor < 1), 2) comparison against a full round (roundness ≠ 1), no 3) (full circle-shaped circularity: 21), 4) do not form a perfect square (R ≠ 1) and 5 axis) changes of 28-29 and 6) form a somewhat elongated (aspect ratio > 1). The value index  otolith form is showed ellipse.Based on the results of the analysis, the otolith left and right (length, width, perimeter, and area) otolith males S. crumenophthalmus has no different. Same alsois found on the case of males otolith, left and on right (long) females otolith S. crumenophthalmus does not differ except the width of the otolith, the area and perimeter size of a different otolith real. The relationship between  the length size and width dimensions of otolith with the total length of the fish has a linear relationship. The second parameter of the linear relationship is marked by the determination coefficient values on otolith length varies between 0,56-0,62 and its width ranged from 0.49 to 0.69. For female fish, otolith lenght detemination coefficient varies between 0.27 and 0.25 to its width ranges from 0.15 to 0.19.Key words: S.crumenophthalmus, otolith Morfometrik, Gulf of Kema AbstrakOtolit atau batu telinga ikan dikenal sebagai hasil dari biomineralisasi yang berlangsung dalam  tubuh  ikan. Pada beberapa studi, otolit digunakan  untuk mengestimasi umur ikan serta struktur stok. Dari tiga (3) organ otolit (sagitta, utrikulus dan lagena), yang paling banyak diteliti adalah otolit sagitta.Penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan karakter otolit ikan Selar crumenophthalmus (yang  mengunakan   6 deskriptor indeks bentuk) dan menentukan hubungan panjang tubuh ikan dengan panjang otolit serta lebarnya.Hubungan ukuran otolit terhadap panjang total ikan dianalis mengunakan persamaan regresi linier sederhana. Alat yang digunakan untuk menganalisis bentuk serta hubungan otolit menggunakan aplikasi Excel serta program R package FSA.Dari hasil analisis, otolit sagitta ikan Selar crumenophthalmus memiliki 6 deskriptor indeks yang hasilnya adalah : 1) permukaan yang tidak teratur (from factor < 1), 2) perbandingan terhadap bulat penuh (roundness ≠1), 3) tidak berbentuk  lingkaran penuh (circularity: 21), 4) tidak membentuk persegi sempurna (R≠1) dan 5) perubahan sumbu sebesar 28-29 serta 6) bentuk agak memanjang (aspect ratio >1). Dari nilai indeks bentuk tersebut, otolit Selar crumenophthalmus menunjukan bentuk yang elips.Berdasarkan hasil analisis, otolit kiri dan kanan (panjang, lebar, , perimeter area /luas) otolit jantan Selar crumenophthalmus tidak berbeda nyata. Sama halnya dengan otolit jantan, kiri dan kanan (panjang) otolit betina Selar crumenophthalmus tidak berbeda nyata, namun lebar otolit, area serta perimeter otolit berbeda nyata.Hubungan antara dimensi ukuran panjang dan lebar otolit dengan  panjang total  ikan memiliki hubungan linier. Hubungan linear kedua parameter tersebut ditandai dengan nilai koefisien determinasi pada panjang otolit ikan jantan  bervariasi antara 0, 56- 0, 62 dan lebarnya berkisar antara 0,49 sampai 0,69. Untuk ikan betina, koefisien deteminasi panjang otolit bervariasi antara 0,25 sampai 0,27 dan lebarnya berkisar antara 0,15 sampai 0,19.Kata kunci: Selar crumenophthalmus,  Morfometrik otolit, Teluk Kema

Evaluation of Rocking and Toe Crushing Failure of Unreinforced Masonry Walls

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 475-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Han Lee ◽  
Chenghao Li ◽  
Sang-Hoon Oh ◽  
Won-Jik Yang ◽  
Waon-Ho Yi
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Axial Stress ◽  
Unreinforced Masonry ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Crushing Strength ◽  
Actual Strength ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The objectives of this study are to evaluate the variables that affect the shear behavior of unreinforced masonry (URM) walls and to propose the equation of the rocking and toe crushing strength of URM walls by regression analysis using the test data including the previous research. The main variables are the axial stress, the aspect ratio and the thickness of URM walls. The test results show that the specimens are governed by rocking and toe crushing failure modes. The relationship of the shear strength is proportionate to the square root of the vertical axial stress, and the relationship of the shear stress and aspect ratio is linearly proportional. Shear strength and cross sectional area are not proportional. For the URM walls tested, the proposed rocking and toe crushing strength/actual strength ratio of 0.95, and coefficient of correlation R of 0.9889 are more appropriate than the FEMA 306 rocking and toe crushing strength formulas.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

Studies on Leukemogenic and Sarcomagenic Viruses

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
Leon Dmochowski
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Mode Of Development ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Electron microscopy has proved to be an invaluable discipline in studies on the relationship of viruses to the origin of leukemia, sarcoma, and other types of tumors in animals and man. The successful cell-free transmission of leukemia and sarcoma in mice, rats, hamsters, and cats, interpreted as due to a virus or viruses, was proved to be due to a virus on the basis of electron microscope studies. These studies demonstrated that all the types of neoplasia in animals of the species examined are produced by a virus of certain characteristic morphological properties similar, if not identical, in the mode of development in all types of neoplasia in animals, as shown in Fig. 1.

The relationship of IGE receptor topography to signaling activity in RBL-2H3 mast cells

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 236-237
Author(s):  
J.R. Pfeiffer ◽  
J.C. Seagrave ◽  
C. Wofsy ◽  
J.M. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Scattered Electron ◽  
Ige Receptor ◽  
Receptor Complexes ◽  
Ige Binding ◽  
Electron Imaging ◽  
Small Clusters ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In RBL-2H3 rat leukemic mast cells, crosslinking IgE-receptor complexes with anti-IgE antibody leads to degranulation. Receptor crosslinking also stimulates the redistribution of receptors on the cell surface, a process that can be observed by labeling the anti-IgE with 15 nm protein A-gold particles as described in Stump et al. (1989), followed by back-scattered electron imaging (BEI) in the scanning electron microscope. We report that anti-IgE binding stimulates the redistribution of IgE-receptor complexes at 37“C from a dispersed topography (singlets and doublets; S/D) to distributions dominated sequentially by short chains, small clusters and large aggregates of crosslinked receptors. These patterns can be observed (Figure 1), quantified (Figure 2) and analyzed statistically. Cells incubated with 1 μg/ml anti-IgE, a concentration that stimulates maximum net secretion, redistribute receptors as far as chains and small clusters during a 15 min incubation period. At 3 and 10 μg/ml anti-IgE, net secretion is reduced and the majority of receptors redistribute rapidly into clusters and large aggregates.

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