Natura History an Prevention of Radiation Injury

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C. O'Connell
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Gland Weight ◽  
Oral Dryness ◽  
History Of ◽  
Salivary Gland Hypofunction ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Therapeutic Radiation

Radiation therapy for cancers of the head and neck can irreversibly damage the salivary glands. Xerostomia (subjective oral dryness) develops within the first week of therapy and is progressive, with devastating effects on the quality of life of the individual. The xerostomia does not correlate with the degree of salivary gland hypofunction. The mechanism of tissue injury in humans is still unclear, but much progress has been made with animal models. This paper reviews the natural history of radiation damage to human salivary glands and highlights the inter-individual variations in the responses to and recovery from therapeutic radiation. The degree of salivary gland damage is correlated to the dose of radiation delivered and the volume of gland included in the field of radiation. The molecular mechanism of acute radiation damage is not fully understood; however, long-term salivary gland dysfunction is associated with both loss of gland weight and loss of acinar cells. Various strategies have been used to prevent or alleviate the problem of salivary gland hypofunction following therapeutic radiation. This paper reviews the progress made to date and the possibilities for future interventions to prevent radiation damage.

scholarly journals Delayed Citrus Stimulation and Prevention of Salivary Glands Damage in Patients of Thyroid Carcinoma Treated by Radioiodine Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-96
Author(s):  
Sharmin Reza ◽  
Sadia Sultana ◽  
Fatima Begum ◽  
Rahima Perveen ◽  
Zeenat Jabin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Radioiodine Therapy ◽  
Delayed Initiation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Taste Dysfunction

Objective: It is well established that citrus stimulation has a definite role in preventing salivary gland damage after radioiodine therapy. The aim of this study was to observe how effectively this stimulation can be used to prevent salivary gland damage and whether the timing of sucking citrus substances play any role in preventing this damage more effectively. Patients and Methods: A total of 128 differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients who received radioiodine treatment for thyroid carcinoma were divided into two groups- group-A and group-B. Group-A patients started citrus stimulation 1 hour after radioiodine ingestion and group-B patients started 24 hours after RAIT. Patients were followed-up at 5th day, 3rd month, and 6th month after RAIT. Follow up procedure consisted of physical examination and history of pain and swelling in salivary gland regions, taste dysfunction and dryness of mouth. Result: The incidence of different types of salivary glands side effects and abnormal scan findings were significantly high in the group of patients who were advised to start citrus stimulation 1 h after radioiodine ingestion. On the other hand, patients who started citrus stimulation 24 h after RAIT suffered less from salivary gland side effects.  Conclusion: This study showed that delayed initiation of citrus stimulation was more effective in reducing salivary gland damage after RAIT. Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 21(2): 92-96, July 2018

Oral Signs and Symptoms as Predictors of Salivary Gland Hypofunction in General Dental Practice

2001 ◽  
Vol os8 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Anne Field ◽  
Lesley P Longman ◽  
Simon Fear ◽  
Susan Higham ◽  
Jocelyne Rostron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Dental Practice ◽  
General Dental Practice ◽  
Objective Evidence ◽  
Oral Dryness ◽  
Dental Practices ◽  
Salivary Gland Hypofunction

Objective To evaluate the signs and symptoms of oral dryness as predictors of salivary gland hypofunction (SGH) in general dental practice. Design and setting Prospective study recruiting adult patients attending five general dental practices in Merseyside in 1999. Materials and method Patients were screened for subjective symptoms of oral dysfunction and clinical signs of oral dryness. Patients with oral symptoms or signs of SGH were invited to undergo sialometry. Results were analysed using multiple logistic regression. Results 1103 patients were screened for signs and symptoms of oral dryness, 115 reported continuous xerostomia, of these 65 were also clinically (subjectively) assessed as having a dry oral mucosa. One hundred and one patients attended for sialometry and 73% of these had objective evidence of SGH. Neither the patients’ complaints of oral dryness or the assessment of dryness of the oral mucosa were significant predictors of SGH. Conclusions Symptoms of oral dysfunction and clinical signs of oral dryness were not significant predictors of SGH in dental practice.

scholarly journals RADIATION METHODS FOR DIAGNOSIS OF SALIVARY GLAND DISEASES. REVIEW

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 113-121
Author(s):  
T.V. Topchiy ◽  
D.V. Topchiy
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Salivary Gland Diseases ◽  
Methods Development ◽  
Ultrasound Diagnostics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diagnostic Capabilities

In modern conditions, the application of radiodiagnosis of salivary gland diseases requires a profound knowledge of the physical and technical bases and their scientific and methodological peculiarities. There are presented information on the history of discovery and diagnostic capabilities of some methods of radiation diagnosis. Analogue sialography at a certain stage of the application gave clinicians valuable information. In the diagnosis of inflammatory diseases, there is a predominance of traditional sialogram. The functional digital subtraction sialography allow us to eliminate traditional sialogram disadvantages. This method is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of salivary ducts. Computer tomographic sialography is the most valuable for the diagnosis of salivary gland tumors, allows differential diagnosis between benign and malignant tumors. An important advantage of salivary gland scintigraphy in comparison with other imaging methods is that both the secretory function and the excretory fraction of all four major salivary glands. Glands can be simultaneously quantified using a single injection. The method of ultrasound diagnostics allows to detect both malformations and inflammatory, degenerative-dystrophic processes, has some clear advantages in comparison with sialography, scintigraphy, computed tomography, since neither x-ray nor magnetic field is used, the duration of the procedure is shortened, the tomographic plane can be easily manipulated, metal bodies do not interfere. Conclusion. Complex application of radiation diagnostic methods, development of algorithms for the diagnosis of salivary glands can become a source of accurate and practically meaningful information.

Differential development and emission ofTheileria parvasporozoites from the salivary gland ofRhipicephalus appendiculatus

Parasitology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Shaw ◽  
A. S. Young
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
Parasite Development ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Collecting Ducts ◽  
The Individual

SUMMARYThe initiation of feeding of infectedRhipicephalus appendiculatusadults induces the rapid development ofTheileria parvasporoblasts within the salivary gland acini leading to the production of numerous sporozoites which are inoculated into the mammalian host initiating infection. In this study the pattern of development, host cell specificity and emission ofT. parvasporozoites within the salivary glands of heavily infected, 4-day fed adultR. appendiculatusticks was examined. Infected acini were randomly distributed throughout the salivary gland. Sporozoite development within each gland was not synchronized and wide variation in the rate of parasite development, which correlated with the secretory activity of the individual acinus, was observed in all glands examined. Previous studies had shown thatT. parvadeveloped primarily in Type III ‘e’ cells. However, in heavily infected salivary glands sporogony and the emission of mature sporozoites also occurred in ‘c’ cells of Type II acini. Sporozoite emission from infected cells occurred by a process similar to apocrine secretion. The loss of the apical membrane of the infected cell allowed sporozoites free access to the lumen of the acinus and into the collecting ducts of the salivary gland. Sporozoite discharge was gradual since few parasites were found in the acinus valve or in the collecting ducts. Furthermore, the small size of the acinar valve aperature ensures that only small numbers of sporozoites can be released at any one time from an infected acinus.

scholarly journals Sialocoele associated with the molar salivary gland in a British Shorthair cat

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 205511692199030
Author(s):  
Andrea Kilduff-Taylor ◽  
Alexis Gombert ◽  
Harriet Hahn ◽  
Lara M Dempsey
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Clear Fluid ◽  
First Report ◽  
Case Summary ◽  
Small Defect ◽  
Left Mandible ◽  
History Of

Case summary A 16-year-old neutered female British Shorthair cat presented with a 5-year history of swelling lateral to the left mandible that intermittently discharged viscous, clear fluid from a small defect in the skin. CT, ultrasonography, physical characteristics and cytology of the fluid were suggestive of sialocoele. CT showed a large, cavitary, fluid-filled mass lateral to the left mandible. A ventral approach was used to resect the left mandibular, sublingual and molar salivary glands and sialocoele. Histopathology of the molar and mandibular and sublingual glands showed chronic active sialoadenitis with more severe changes in the molar gland. There were no signs of recurrence of the sialocoele 12 months after surgery. Relevance and novel information This is the first report of a cranial cervical sialocoele potentially involving the molar salivary gland in a cat. Resection of the mandibular, sublingual and molar salivary glands should be considered in cats that present with a cranial cervical sialocoele.

scholarly journals HETEROTOPIC SALIVARY GLAND

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 332-334
Author(s):  
Afra Samad ◽  
Madiha Syed ◽  
Arbaz Samad
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Intestinal Obstruction ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Exploratory Laparotomy ◽  
Clinical Impression ◽  
Gland Tissue ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bleeding Per Rectum

Background: Salivary glands heterotopia is defined as presence of salivary glandtissue outside its normal location.1 Salivary gland heterotopia in ileum leading to obstruction& intussusception is extremely rare. Only two such cases have been reported previously.Case Report: We report a case of 2 years old male who presented with history of vomiting,constipation and bleeding per rectum for one week. Clinical impression was intestinal obstructionand intussusception. An emergency exploratory laparotomy was performed and intraluminalileal polyp was resected. Histopathological examination of the excised polyp demonstratedsalivary gland tissue. Conclusion: Though extremely rare heterotopic salivary gland should beconsidered in differential diagnosis of intestinal obstruction and intussusception.

scholarly journals A giant submandibular sialolith - How to manage?

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 387-390
Author(s):  
Jawahar Anand ◽  
Amal Suresh ◽  
Anil K Desai
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Severe Pain ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Floor Of The Mouth ◽  
Common Diseases ◽  
Submandibular Salivary Glands ◽  
History Of

The presence of a sialolith is one of the most common diseases of salivary gland. It is relatively common in submandibular salivary glands and its duct. This case report is of a patient who presented at our unit with a history of severe pain and swelling on floor of the mouth, which was clinically and radiographically diagnosed as a sialolith. The diagnostic and treatment protocol in managing a patient with a giant sialolith is enumerated in this manuscript.

Investigating the Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Stigma Among Young Adults With History of Suicide Attempts

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meshan Lehmann ◽  
Matthew R. Hilimire ◽  
Lawrence H. Yang ◽  
Bruce G. Link ◽  
Jordan E. DeVylder
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Background: Self-esteem is a major contributor to risk for repeated suicide attempts. Prior research has shown that awareness of stigma is associated with reduced self-esteem among people with mental illness. No prior studies have examined the association between self-esteem and stereotype awareness among individuals with past suicide attempts. Aims: To understand the relationship between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among young adults who have and have not attempted suicide. Method: Computerized surveys were administered to college students (N = 637). Linear regression analyses were used to test associations between self-esteem and stereotype awareness, attempt history, and their interaction. Results: There was a significant stereotype awareness by attempt interaction (β = –.74, p = .006) in the regression analysis. The interaction was explained by a stronger negative association between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among individuals with past suicide attempts (β = –.50, p = .013) compared with those without attempts (β = –.09, p = .037). Conclusion: Stigma is associated with lower self-esteem within this high-functioning sample of young adults with histories of suicide attempts. Alleviating the impact of stigma at the individual (clinical) or community (public health) levels may improve self-esteem among this high-risk population, which could potentially influence subsequent suicide risk.

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of Lacrimal Gland

JMS SKIMS ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-77
Author(s):  
Mohd Athar ◽  
K S Sodhi ◽  
S Kala ◽  
R K Maurya ◽  
S Chauhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Recurrence ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Hard Palate ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Minor Salivary Glands ◽  
Adenoid Cystic ◽  
History Of

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a relatively uncommon tumour of salivary, glands and is characterised by a prolonged clinical course and a fatal outcome. It was first described as `cylindroma' by Billroth in 1859. Half of these tumors occur in glandular tissues other than the major salivary glands; principally in the hard palate, but they can also arise in the tongue and minor salivary glands. Unusual locations include the external auditory canal, nasopharynx, lacrimal glands, breast, vulva, esophagus, cervix and Cowper glands. The long natural history of this tumor and its tendency for local recurrence are well known. JMS 2012;15(1):76-77.

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