RADIATION METHODS FOR DIAGNOSIS OF SALIVARY GLAND DISEASES. REVIEW

In modern conditions, the application of radiodiagnosis of salivary gland diseases requires a profound knowledge of the physical and technical bases and their scientific and methodological peculiarities. There are presented information on the history of discovery and diagnostic capabilities of some methods of radiation diagnosis. Analogue sialography at a certain stage of the application gave clinicians valuable information. In the diagnosis of inflammatory diseases, there is a predominance of traditional sialogram. The functional digital subtraction sialography allow us to eliminate traditional sialogram disadvantages. This method is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of salivary ducts. Computer tomographic sialography is the most valuable for the diagnosis of salivary gland tumors, allows differential diagnosis between benign and malignant tumors. An important advantage of salivary gland scintigraphy in comparison with other imaging methods is that both the secretory function and the excretory fraction of all four major salivary glands. Glands can be simultaneously quantified using a single injection. The method of ultrasound diagnostics allows to detect both malformations and inflammatory, degenerative-dystrophic processes, has some clear advantages in comparison with sialography, scintigraphy, computed tomography, since neither x-ray nor magnetic field is used, the duration of the procedure is shortened, the tomographic plane can be easily manipulated, metal bodies do not interfere. Conclusion. Complex application of radiation diagnostic methods, development of algorithms for the diagnosis of salivary glands can become a source of accurate and practically meaningful information.

Download Full-text

Epidemiologic Characteristics of Salivary Gland Tumors in an Iranian Population

Shiraz E-Medical Journal ◽

10.5812/semj.107675 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol In Press (In Press) ◽

Author(s):

Nafise Shamloo ◽

Alireza Ghanadan ◽

Fahimeh Sadat Hashemian ◽

Maedeh Ghorbanpour

Keyword(s):

Salivary Gland ◽

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma ◽

Salivary Glands ◽

Pleomorphic Adenoma ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

The Body ◽

Salivary Gland Tumors ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adenoid Cystic

Background: Salivary gland tumors include a wide variety of benign and malignant tumors in the oral and maxillofacial region. Although these tumors are not common, they are not rare. The prevalence of these tumors varies with regard to age, gender, and their location in the body. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of benign and malignant salivary gland tumors in patients referred to three referral hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study examined the demographic and pathologic records of the patients with salivary gland tumors submitted to the Department of Pathology of Amir Alam, Loghman Hakim, and Shohada Hospitals from 2005 to 2016. In this study, the histological variants of salivary gland tumors and clinical parameters such as age, gender, and the location of the tumor were examined. The clinical data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21. Results: Of 137632 patient records, 1180 cases were salivary gland tumors. Pleomorphic adenoma in 794 cases (67.3%) and adenoid cystic carcinoma in 109 cases (9.2%) were the most common tumors, respectively. Salivary gland tumors were more common in males, and the participants’ mean age was 42.86 ± 16.5 years. The most common site was parotid and minor salivary glands, with 937 (79.4%) and 137 (12%) cases, respectively. Conclusions: In this study, the most common benign tumor was pleomorphic adenoma in the parotid gland, and the most common malignant tumor was adenoid cystic carcinoma in the major salivary glands. Furthermore, benign tumors were more frequent than malignant tumors.

Download Full-text

Salivary Gland Pathologies

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician ◽

10.1007/978-981-15-1346-6_46 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 939-973

Author(s):

Nisheet Anant Agni

Keyword(s):

Salivary Gland ◽

Salivary Glands ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Inflammatory Conditions ◽

Major Salivary Glands

AbstractSaliva is responsible for various functions from lubrication to digestion. The saliva is secreted by numerous minor and major salivary glands. These salivary glands are sometimes affected by various local and systemic inflammatory conditions, obstructive pathologies with benign and malignant tumors. This chapter deals with various pathologies of salivary glands and their management.

Download Full-text

Delayed Citrus Stimulation and Prevention of Salivary Glands Damage in Patients of Thyroid Carcinoma Treated by Radioiodine Therapy

Bangladesh Journal of Nuclear Medicine ◽

10.3329/bjnm.v21i2.40358 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 92-96

Author(s):

Sharmin Reza ◽

Sadia Sultana ◽

Fatima Begum ◽

Rahima Perveen ◽

Zeenat Jabin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salivary Gland ◽

Side Effects ◽

Thyroid Carcinoma ◽

Salivary Glands ◽

Radioiodine Therapy ◽

Delayed Initiation ◽

History Of ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Taste Dysfunction

Objective: It is well established that citrus stimulation has a definite role in preventing salivary gland damage after radioiodine therapy. The aim of this study was to observe how effectively this stimulation can be used to prevent salivary gland damage and whether the timing of sucking citrus substances play any role in preventing this damage more effectively. Patients and Methods: A total of 128 differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients who received radioiodine treatment for thyroid carcinoma were divided into two groups- group-A and group-B. Group-A patients started citrus stimulation 1 hour after radioiodine ingestion and group-B patients started 24 hours after RAIT. Patients were followed-up at 5th day, 3rd month, and 6th month after RAIT. Follow up procedure consisted of physical examination and history of pain and swelling in salivary gland regions, taste dysfunction and dryness of mouth. Result: The incidence of different types of salivary glands side effects and abnormal scan findings were significantly high in the group of patients who were advised to start citrus stimulation 1 h after radioiodine ingestion. On the other hand, patients who started citrus stimulation 24 h after RAIT suffered less from salivary gland side effects. Conclusion: This study showed that delayed initiation of citrus stimulation was more effective in reducing salivary gland damage after RAIT. Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 21(2): 92-96, July 2018

Download Full-text

Human Kallikrein 14 (Klk14) Expression in Salivary Gland Tumors

The International Journal of Biological Markers ◽

10.1177/172460081002500105 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 32-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Nelly N. Hashem ◽

Thomas W. Mara ◽

Mohamed Mohamed ◽

Irene Zhang ◽

Kevin Fung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salivary Gland ◽

Salivary Glands ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Staining Technique ◽

Tumor Stage ◽

Salivary Gland Tumors ◽

Immunoperoxidase Staining ◽

Clinical Parameters ◽

Ductal Cells

Objective To analyze the expression of human kallikrein 14 (KLK14) in salivary gland tumors. Methods A standard immunoperoxidase staining technique was used to assess the expression profile of KLK14 in normal salivary glands and tumors including pleomorphic adenoma (PA; n=17), adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC; n=13) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC; n=9). Tumor stage, grade, patient age and gender, and site of occurrence were recorded. These clinical parameters were correlated with KLK14 levels in malignant tumors. The expression profiles for KLK3, 5, 6, 8 and 13 were also retrieved. Results Normal salivary glands, PA, ACC and MEC showed strong expression of KLK14 in ductal and non-ductal cells. Both PA and ACC showed higher KLK14 levels than normal glands and MEC tissues. There were no statistically significant associations between levels of KLK14 and clinical parameters. Conclusions The differences in the levels of KLK14 suggest that KLKs may aid in the differential diagnosis of salivary gland tumors. The coexpression of KLKs suggests their possible involvement in an enzymatic pathway activated in salivary gland. KLK14 may be a promising new biomarker in salivary gland tumors.

Download Full-text

Myeloid Sarcoma That Infiltrated a Preexisting Sebaceous Lymphadenoma in the Parotid Gland: Diagnostic Challenges and Literature Review

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2019/9869406 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Sunmi Jo ◽

Hye-kyung Shim ◽

Joo Yeon Kim ◽

Sang Kyun Bae ◽

Mi Ra Kim

Keyword(s):

Salivary Gland ◽

Literature Review ◽

Parotid Gland ◽

Salivary Glands ◽

Submandibular Gland ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Myeloid Sarcoma ◽

Histopathologic Evaluation ◽

High Index Of Suspicion ◽

Sebaceous Lymphadenoma

Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rarely encountered extramedullary localized tumor that is composed of immature myeloid cells. We reported an extremely rare case of MS with concurrent bone marrow (BM) involvement that invaded into a preexisting sebaceous lymphadenoma in the parotid gland and neck lymph nodes. Prompted by this case, we also present a literature review of MS invasion into salivary glands. A 62-year-old man was initially diagnosed with carcinoma that arose in a sebaceous lymphadenoma in the parotid gland, through a total parotidectomy with neck dissection. After an extensive histopathological review that included immunohistochemistry, a pathologic diagnosis of MS with infiltration into the sebaceous lymphadenoma with concurrent BM involvement was confirmed. MS is difficult to diagnose accurately; herein, we analyzed the clinical presentations and effectiveness of the various diagnostic methods with a review of the literature. There are 17 cases, including our case, reported in 13 studies. Of the cases in which the salivary glands were affected, 10 involved the parotid gland, six involved the submandibular gland, and one involved both. Isolated invasion of the salivary gland was found in one case of parotid gland invasion and three cases of submandibular gland invasion. In 13 cases, the salivary glands were affected by various other lesions. Although there were no incidences of isolated MS, six patients were diagnosed with secondary MS and eight patients with MS with BM involvement, including this case. The diagnosis of MS is difficult given its rarity, and a high index of suspicion and integrated radiologic and careful histopathologic evaluation are required. Most cases of MS infiltrating the salivary gland might be indicated by the possibility of BM involvement. MS with BM involvement predicts poor prognosis and the need for intensive systemic treatment.

Download Full-text

Ultrasound in Inflammatory and Obstructive Salivary Gland Diseases: Own Experiences and a Review of the Literature

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10163547 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (16) ◽

pp. 3547

Author(s):

Michael Koch ◽

Matti Sievert ◽

Heinrich Iro ◽

Konstantinos Mantsopoulos ◽

Mirco Schapher

Keyword(s):

Salivary Gland ◽

Diagnostic Tool ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Screening Method ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

First Line ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Salivary Gland Diseases ◽

Technical Developments

Background: Ultrasound is established as a diagnostic tool in salivary glands for obstructive diseases such as sialolithiasis and tumors. Concerning inflammatory diseases and in non-sialolithiasis-caused obstruction, much fewer data are available. In recent years, technical development has allowed a better assessment of the gland parenchyma, and knowledge about intraductal pathologies has increased considerably, which has provided new insights and a new interpretation of ultrasound findings. Objectives: To provide a comprehensive review of the literature that includes our own experiences and to point out the state of the art in ultrasound in the diagnostics of inflammatory and obstructive salivary gland diseases, taking adequate techniques and recent technical developments into consideration. Data sources and study eligibility criteria: A systematic literature search was performed in Pubmed using various specific key words. Results: According to the literature results, including our own experiences, ultrasound is of value in up to >90% of cases presenting with inflammatory and/or obstructive diseases. Technical developments (e.g., elastography) and the application of modified ultrasound techniques (e.g., transoral ultrasound) have contributed to these results. Today, ultrasound is considered a first-line diagnostic tool in these diseases. However, in some inflammatory diseases, the final diagnosis can be made only after inclusion of the anamnesis, clinical symptoms, serologic blood tests, or histopathologic investigation. Conclusions: Ultrasound can be considered as a first-line diagnostic tool in obstructive and inflammatory salivary gland diseases. In obstructive diseases, it may be sufficient for diagnostics in >90% of cases. In inflammatory diseases, ultrasound is at least an excellent screening method and can be used to establish the diagnosis in cases of an early suspicion. In all diseases ultrasound can contribute to better management and can be used for monitoring during follow-up.

Download Full-text

Natura History an Prevention of Radiation Injury

Advances in Dental Research ◽

10.1177/08959374000140010901 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 57-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

A.C. O'Connell

Keyword(s):

Salivary Gland ◽

Salivary Glands ◽

Radiation Damage ◽

Tissue Injury ◽

Gland Weight ◽

Oral Dryness ◽

History Of ◽

Salivary Gland Hypofunction ◽

The Individual ◽

Therapeutic Radiation

Radiation therapy for cancers of the head and neck can irreversibly damage the salivary glands. Xerostomia (subjective oral dryness) develops within the first week of therapy and is progressive, with devastating effects on the quality of life of the individual. The xerostomia does not correlate with the degree of salivary gland hypofunction. The mechanism of tissue injury in humans is still unclear, but much progress has been made with animal models. This paper reviews the natural history of radiation damage to human salivary glands and highlights the inter-individual variations in the responses to and recovery from therapeutic radiation. The degree of salivary gland damage is correlated to the dose of radiation delivered and the volume of gland included in the field of radiation. The molecular mechanism of acute radiation damage is not fully understood; however, long-term salivary gland dysfunction is associated with both loss of gland weight and loss of acinar cells. Various strategies have been used to prevent or alleviate the problem of salivary gland hypofunction following therapeutic radiation. This paper reviews the progress made to date and the possibilities for future interventions to prevent radiation damage.

Download Full-text

Comprehensive study of salivary gland neoplasms: single department study in a tertiary care centre

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20190986 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 581

Author(s):

S. Muthuchitra ◽

V. Saravanaselvan ◽

R. Malarvizhi

Keyword(s):

Salivary Gland ◽

Facial Nerve ◽

Salivary Glands ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Female Gender ◽

Salivary Gland Neoplasms ◽

Malignant Neoplasms ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

General Surgeons

Background: Pathologies of salivary glands are common in the general population. Of them few are neoplasms-benign or malignant. The presentation of salivary gland pathologies are both to general surgeons and otorhinolaryngologists of the same hospital. The presentation to concerned treating surgeon is based on the symptoms during presentation. This study aims at the various types of salivary gland pathologies requiring surgical intervention and the rate of recurrence following surgery in a single department.Methods: Retrospective study was conducted. Study period was from May 2017 to February 2019. All salivary gland neoplasms were studied for presentation and recurrence following surgery. Results: Intraoperative difficulties and post-operative complications more common in malignant tumors. Female gender is more commonly affected by benign neoplasms. There is no gender predilection in malignant neoplasms. Facial nerve is most common nerve to get affected in pre-operative and during surgery as well.Conclusions: Neoplasms of salivary glands are common in females though it has equal incidence in malignancy. Facial nerve is most commonly affected as complication in malignant neoplasms.

Download Full-text

VIRUS AS A CAUSE OF SALIVARY GLAND DISEASES

ODONTO Dental Journal ◽

10.30659/odj.6.1.37-42 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 37

Author(s):

Etis Duhita Rahayuningtyas ◽

Riani Setiadhi

Keyword(s):

Salivary Gland ◽

Viral Infection ◽

Salivary Glands ◽

Salivary Flow ◽

Salivary Secretion ◽

Coxsackie Virus ◽

Parasympathetic Nerves ◽

Barr Virus ◽

Salivary Gland Diseases ◽

Simplex Virus

Background: Enlargement in the extraoral region with the absence of abnormal dental and periodontal structures are sometimes seen in dental practice, sometimes followed by xerostomia. Enlargement of the acute nonsuppurative salivary glands has been associated with several types of viruses. The purpose of this paper is to review salivary gland diseases associated with non-HIV and HIV viral infections.Discussion: Non-HIV viruses which were detected in the salivary glands including Paramyxovirus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), human papilloma viruses (HPV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human herpes simplex virus (HHSV-8), and coxsackie virus. HIV-associated salivary gland disease typically presents with xerostomia and/or intraglandular lymph nodes, and diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome (DILS). The most common viral infection conditions in salivary gland disorders are mumps and HIV. Enlargement and inflammation of the glandular structures will affects the control of salivary secretion by nerves. Parasympathetic nerves block conducted signals to the salivary glands, so the salivary flow isdecreased.Conclusion: There is association between viral infection and diseases of thesalivary gland. By knowing sequelae viruses on the salivary gland, dentists are expected to understand the clinical condition and therapeutic that should be given to the patients.

Download Full-text

Human papillomavirus. Diagnostic issues

Terapevt (General Physician) ◽

10.33920/med-12-2108-04 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Oksana Anatolievna Gizinger

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

Laboratory Diagnosis ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Trigger Factor ◽

Laboratory Diagnostics ◽

Preclinical Phase ◽

Precancerous Stage

Тhe article presents an analysis of current information on the etiology, pathogenesis, and laboratory diagnosis of the human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is a trigger factor in the pathogenesis of proliferative and inflammatory diseases. HPV-associated cervical cancer is one of the few forms of malignant tumors that can be detected at the precancerous stage or at the earliest stage of cancer: the disease is widespread, has a recognizable preclinical phase, a long period of development, there is a reliable screening test - cytological examination of smears taken from ecto- and endocervix and HPV-testing. Laboratory diagnostics is based on a combination of microscopic (cytological studies) and molecular genetic (PCR) diagnostic methods.

Download Full-text