End Organ Toxicities of Adverse Drug Reactions

1989 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-250
Author(s):  
Theresa A. Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Adverse Drug Reaction ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Organ System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Diagnostic Problem ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Organ Specific

Many commonly prescribed medications are capable of causing organ specific adverse effects that can involve every organ system of the body. This situation presents the clinician with a diagnostic problem, since the drug-induced illness often mimics the clinical - disease. Clinicians must be alert to the possibility that drugs can cause or exacerbate any disease. In order to assess effectively the possibility of an illness being a result of an adverse drug reaction, it is necessary to recognize the manifestations of that drug's adverse effects and indict the drug on the basis of its use and the subsequent development of illness. This article reviews the organ-specific toxicities of drugs known to affect the liver, kidney, blood and bone marrow, and ear.

Drug-induced neurological disease

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Ferner ◽  
Anthony Cox
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Drug Reaction ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Drug Reaction ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Drug Induced

An adverse drug reaction is defined as ‘an appreciably harmful or unpleasant reaction, resulting from an intervention related to the use of a medicinal product; adverse effects usually predict hazard from future administration and warrant prevention, or specific treatment, or alteration of the dosage regimen, or withdrawal of the product’ (p. 1255, Edwards IR and Aronson JK. Adverse drug reactions: Definitions, diagnosis, and management. Lancet 2000; 356: 1255–9). Adverse drug reactions can cause or contribute to central and peripheral nervous system disorders, including traumatic, infective, neoplastic, demyelinating, and vascular diseases.

scholarly journals STUDY OF ANTIGENOTOXIC POTENTIAL OF THE ROSEHIP (ROSA MAJALIS HERRM.) OF THE FAMILY ROSACEAE

REPORTS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (336) ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
Zh. A. Zhonderbek ◽  
S. Zh. Kolumbayeva ◽  
A. V. Lovinskaya ◽  
N. Voronova
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
The Body ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Herbal Tea ◽  
The Family ◽  
Induced Mutagenesis ◽  
Combined Action

Increasing the body's resistance to various environmental pollutants' adverse effects is one of medicine's essential tasks. In this regard, an active search for antimutagens to eliminate or weaken mutagens' effect in the body is currently underway. One of the promising sources of antimutagenic compounds is the medicinal plant Rosa majalis Herrm (rosehips). The genotoxic and antigenotoxic activity of rosehips was studied on cells of bone marrow, spleen, liver, and kidneys of laboratory mice using an alkaline variant Comet assay. It was found that rosehip infusions in various concentrations (infusion, diluted infusion and herbal tea) do not have a genotoxic effect on the cells of the studied organs of laboratory animals. The medicinal rosehip's combined action with classical mutagen MMS significantly reduced (p<0.01) MMS-induced mutagenesis level. The various rosehip infusions used did not show statistically significant differences among themselves. The results obtained indicate the antigenotoxic activity of R. majalis infusions.

scholarly journals Challenges in Diagnosis and Management of Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Manish Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Drug Reaction ◽  
Drug Reaction ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Culprit Drug ◽  
Cutaneous Reactions ◽  
The Times ◽  
Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reaction

Adverse drug reactions commonly involve the skin and represent a significant proportion of all drug‐induced illnesses. Most of the times, adverse cutaneous reactions are not severe and only a few are fatal. Real incidence of cutaneous adverse drug reaction is not known. Due to rampant and multiple drug use, there is difficulty finding the culprit drug, so diagnosis of adverse drug reaction and management becomes difficult.

SCIO-469, a Potent and Selective Inhibitor of the p38a MAPK, Inhibits TNFa-Induced Adhesion of Multiple Myeloma Cells to Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Via Downregulation of Chemokines CXCL10/IP-10 and CCL8.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 1569-1569
Author(s):  
Aaron N. Nguyen ◽  
Gilbert O’ Young ◽  
Diana Quon ◽  
Debby Damm ◽  
Ann M. Kapoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Leukocyte Adhesion ◽  
Cell Cancer ◽  
Selective Inhibitor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
General Function ◽  
Drug Induced

Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell cancer characterized by the accumulation and clonal expansion of malignant cells in the bone marrow (BM). Recent findings indicate that adhesion of MM cells to BM stromal cells (BMSCs) protects MM cells from drug-induced apoptosis and leads to upregulation of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a cytokine that promotes MM cell growth and survival. However, the molecular mechanism that determines the adhesion of MM cells to BMSCs is relatively unclear. Here we show that SCIO-469, a potent and selective inhibitor of the p38a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), prevents TNFa-induced adhesion of MM cells to BMSCs. Interestingly, TNFa-induced expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, molecules that have been reported to mediate cell-cell adhesion, is not affected by SCIO-469 treatment. In an effort to identify additional factors that may play a role in the adhesion of MM cells to BMSCs, we performed a DNA microarray experiment on BMSCs. Of the BMSC genes that were strongly upregulated by TNFa exposure and reversed by SCIO-469 treatment, a set of chemokines was most prominent. To determine whether these chemokines are important for MM adhesion to BMSCs, various chemokines (CCL2, CCL7, CCL8, CXCL1, CXCL3, CXCL6, CXCL10/IP-10, and CXCL11) were added together with SCIO-469 in the adhesion assays. We found that reintroduction of the chemokines CXCL10 and CCL8 reversed the inhibition of adhesion by SCIO-469. These results suggest that SCIO-469 inhibits TNFa-induced adhesion of MM cells to BMSCs by downregulating the chemokines CXCL10 and CCL8. Intriguingly, these two chemokines were also recently demonstrated to be involved in leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. Thus, chemokines, especially CXCL10 and CCL8, appear to have a general function of localizing blood cells to various sites within the body. Together, our findings demonstrate another potential therapeutic role for SCIO-469 in MM in addition to its role of inhibiting the production of growth factors such as IL-6 and VEGF in the MM bone marrow microenvironment.

scholarly journals HERBAL DRUG-INDUCED ADVERSE DRUG REACTION: A CASE REPORT

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manju Gari ◽  
Lakhan Majhee ◽  
Kavita Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Adverse Drug Reaction ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Herbal Drug ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Menstrual Disturbance ◽  
The World ◽  
Made In

  The present study done to focus many adverse drug reactions unrecorded with either patients failing to present to health services due to herbal medicine or no pharmacovigilance analysis is being made. In this case, a 55-year-old female patient with 41 kg weight, she received herbal treatment for gastritis and menstrual disturbance since November 2015. After administration of drug, she suddenly developed 23 small vesicles over neck and upper chest. Few vesicles ruptured over 4–5 days and few gradually increased in size to form bulla. The use of herbal drug has increased tremendously across the world in recent times. Hence, it has become important for pharmacovigilance of herbal drugs and adverse effect issues for the consumers and health-care professionals as it is complex to analyze these products than the conventional pharmaceuticals. “Safe” and “natural” cannot be used anonymously. Sufficient adverse drug monitoring of herbal drugs is as important as any other formularies.

Adverse drug reaction and its management in tuberculosis patients with multidrug resistance: a retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 783-787
Author(s):  
Wenny Putri Nilamsari ◽  
Muhammad Fajar Rizqi ◽  
Natasya Olga Regina ◽  
Prastuti Asta Wulaningrum ◽  
Umi Fatmawati
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Drug Reaction ◽  
Drug Reaction ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Outpatient Unit ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb

Abstract Objectives This study was conducted to assess adverse drug reactions and their management in MDR-TB patients. Indonesia is the fifth highest country with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) high burden around the world. The number of MDR-TB patients in Indonesia is increasing every year, but the data regarding ADRs are still limited. Therefore, more data on their characteristics and their management is very valuable for clinicians and pharmacists. Methods The study is a descriptive study, using retrospective data of MDR-TB patients who completed therapy from January 1st, 2015 to December 31st, 2015 at the Tuberculosis Outpatient unit at the Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital Indonesia. Each adverse effect was judged with standards of the clinic and was documented in patients’ medical records. Results There were 40 patients included in this study. During therapy, 70% of patients developed at least one adverse drug reaction. The five most prevalent adverse effects found in this study were hyperuricemia (52.5%) followed by gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances (40%), ototoxicity (37.5%), hypokalemia (27.5%), and athralgia (12.5%). Managements that were undertaken to overcome the adverse drug reactions were adding symptomatic drugs and/or modifying the treatment regimen. Conclusions Because of the small samples we cannot attain a general conclusion. However, the result of this study is very imperative as this data gives us insight regarding adverse effects in MDR-TB patients in Indonesia.

scholarly journals A Review of Drug-Induced Oral Reactions

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Abdollahi ◽  
Mania Radfar
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Salivary Function

Abstract Every drug can produce untoward consequences, even when used according to standard or recommended methods of administration. Adverse drug reactions can involve every organ and system of the body and are frequently mistaken for signs of underlying disease. Similarly, the mouth and associated structures can be affected by many drugs or chemicals. Good oral health, including salivary function, is very important in maintaining whole body health. Regarding different parts of the oral system, these reactions can be categorized to oral mucosa and tongue, periodontal tissues, dental structures, salivary glands, cleft lip and palate, muscular and neurological disorders, taste disturbances, drug-induced oral infection, and facial edema. In this article, the drugs that may cause adverse effects in the mouth and related structures are reviewed. The knowledge about drug-induced oral adverse effects helps health professionals to better diagnose oral disease, administer drugs, improve patient compliance during drug therapy, and may influence a more rational use of drugs. Citation Abdollahi M, Radfar M. A Review of Drug-Induced Oral Reactions. J Contemp Dent Pract 2003 February;(4)1:010-031.

Embryonic origins of spleen asymmetry

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.D. Patterson ◽  
T.A. Drysdale ◽  
P.A. Krieg
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Homeobox Gene ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Splenic Tissue ◽  
Precursor Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Axis ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Immunologic Function ◽  
Organ Specific

The spleen is a vertebrate organ that has both hematopoietic and immunologic function. The embryonic origins of the spleen are obscure, with most studies describing the earliest rudiment of the spleen as a condensation of mesodermal mesenchyme on the left side of the dorsal mesogastrium. The development of spleen handedness has not been described previously, presumably because of the difficulty in assaying spleen position in the embryo and the lack of early, organ-specific molecular markers. Here we show that expression of the homeobox gene Nkx2-5 serves as a marker for spleen precursor tissue. Pre-splenic tissue is initially located in symmetric domains on both sides of the embryo but, during subsequent development, only the left side goes on to form the mature spleen. Therefore, the final location of the spleen on the left side of the body axis appears to result from preferential development of the spleen precursor cells on the left side of the embryo. Our studies indicate that the spleen and heart become asymmetric via different cellular mechanisms. Nkx2-5 may function locally as part of the laterality cascade, downstream of nodal and Pitx2, or it may direct asymmetric morphogenesis after laterality has been determined.

scholarly journals Effective ways of finding Adverse Drug Reactions in Pharmacovigilance

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S4) ◽  
pp. 284-287
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Adverse Drug Reaction ◽  
Drug Reaction ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Clinical Analysis ◽  
Data Mining Algorithm ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Mining Algorithm ◽  
Real Time Database

With many adverse effects happening on population due to medic al drugs, there is driving need to find these effects and reduce it. Hence researchers are working on FDA_AERS, a real time database to find the adverse effect present in drugs. This field has developed as pharmacovigilance and data mining algorithm helps in improving the accuracy of clinical analysis. In this paper, growth of Pharmacovigilance in India and a novel way to find adverse drug reaction is proposed

TPMT Genotype and Adverse Effects of Azathioprine among Jordanian Group

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 889-897
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mhanna ◽  
Munir Garaiba Gharaibeh ◽  
Mohammad Rashid ◽  
Ahmad Sharab ◽  
Mohammad Shehab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Adverse Drug Reaction ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Bone Marrow Suppression ◽  
P Value ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Related Bone Marrow

Background: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a common disease affecting many patients. This disease is treated by azathioprine and TPMT genetic polymorphism affecting the patient’s tolerance. The aim of this study is to investigate the importance of TMPT genotyping in reducing the incidence of adverse effects of azathioprine. Methods: One hundred and forty-one IBD patients were followed for azathioprine Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR). Patients were genotyped for TPMT*2, TPMT*3A, TPMT*3B, TPMT*3C. Results: The frequency of Azathioprine adverse effect was about 35.5%. An association between TPMT genotypes 1/3A and 3B/3B and azathioprine related bone marrow suppression was found (P value ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: The findings suggest that there was a significant association between TPMT genotypes 1/3A and 3B/3B and azathioprine related bone marrow suppression.

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