Workplace incivilities: the role of interest conflicts, social closure and organizational chaos

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent J. Roscigno ◽  
Randy Hodson ◽  
Steven H. Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Organizational Context ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Workplace Incivility ◽  
Organizational Processes ◽  
Social Closure ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
And Gender

Workplace incivility — that is, negative relational dimensions of employment with consequences for worker integrity and dignity — affects millions every year. In this article, the ‘organizational misbehaviour’ and ‘workplace chaos’ literatures offer building blocks for a conception wherein workplace incivility is viewed as emanating from the joint and sometimes interconnected influence of organizational processes and status-based social closure. The resulting multi-method analyses draw on coded information on incivility, organizational context, and relational and status dynamics from a large population of organizational ethnographies (N=204). Analyses reveal that all forms of incivility except sexual harassment are rooted in organizational chaos. Qualitative re-immersion into these ethnographic accounts provides further insights into how conflicts endemic to paid employment and broader social closure projects surrounding class, race, and gender play a role as well, albeit often in distinct ways.

scholarly journals Double Jeopardy: Race/Ethnicity and Sexual Harassment in the U.S. Military

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin David Hackett ◽  
Richard Harris ◽  
Juanita Firestone
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Department Of Defense ◽  
Organizational Context ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Ethnic Category ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Military ◽  
Different Levels

Our research examines a sample of respondents from a Department of Defense (DoD) survey in an attempt to determine the incidence of sexual harassment in the military by race/ethnic category and to determine whether or not women's experiences differ based on race and ethnic membership.  Logistic regression is used to test whether racial and ethnic minorities face double risks of victimization with respect to sexual Results do not support an adverse interaction of race and gender with respect to sexual harassment in the military for Black women; however, findings varied depending on type of harassment for Hispanic and Other Race women.  The biggest surprise is that the males report a higher incidence of harassment in 2002.  Replicating an earlier finding, when no environmental harassment is reported individual harassment is very rare.  Overall, this finding supports the importance of organizational context in producing different levels of harassment. Keywords: Sexual harassment, Race, Ethnicity, Sex, Military

Abstract 13626: Human Leukocyte Antigen A*30 is Associated With Congenital Heart Disease

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Horacio G Carvajal ◽  
Fei Wan ◽  
Anoop K Brar ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
Pirooz Eghtesady
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Hla Antigens ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Hla Typing ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
And Gender

Introduction: Congenital heart disease (CHD) arises from many etiologies, ranging from genetic to environmental exposures, such as viral infections. The human leukocyte antigens (HLA) play an important role in the immune response to pathogens. HLA has been extensively explored and linked with several diseases; no such investigations, however, have been done in context of CHD. Hypothesis: We sought to identify potential HLA associations with CHD in a large population sample with molecular-based HLA typing. Methods: Available data on race, gender, HLA-A, B, and DRB1 typing (1-field, antigen level) was collected from the 2,349 patients in the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database undergoing heart transplant due to CHD between 2005 and 2017. These were compared to all 80,893 deceased kidney donors in the same period. Nominal variables were compared with Pearson’s chi-square, and logistic regression was used to compare all HLA antigens between groups, adjusting for race and gender. The false discovery rate was used to control for multiple comparisons, with adjusted p-values <0.05 considered significant. Results: There were 14 HLA-A, 25 HLA-B, and 14 HLA-DRB1 antigens with an overall frequency of 1% or higher. The frequency of HLA-A*30, B*44, and DRB1*08 differed significantly between groups (Table 1). Unconditional regression showed significantly increased odds of CHD in patients with HLA-A*30 and HLA-DRB1*08, as well as significantly lower odds in those with HLA-B*44 (Table 1). The demographics between groups were comparable, with the exception of fewer Caucasians in the cases (CHD 60.7% vs controls 65.6%, p=0.026). When adjusted for race and gender, only HLA-A*30 remained statistically significant. Conclusions: HLA-A*30 appears to be linked with CHD independent of race. Further analyses with detailed CHD diagnoses and high-resolution HLA typing data are needed to explore potential associations between specific cardiac defects and HLA at the allele level.

37. Sentencing

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Ashworth ◽  
Julian V. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Sentencing Guidelines ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Political Criticism ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Sentencing represents the apex of the criminal process and is the most public stage of the criminal justice system. Controversial sentences attract widespread media coverage, intense public interest, and much public and political criticism. This chapter explores sentencing in the United Kingdom, and draws some conclusions with relevance to other common law jurisdictions. Sentencing has changed greatly in recent years, notably through the introduction of sentencing guidelines in England and Wales, and more recently, Scotland. However, there are still doubts about the fairness and consistency of sentencing practice, not least in the use of imprisonment. Among the key issues to be examined in this chapter are the tendency towards net-widening, the effects of race and gender, the impact of pleading guilty, the use of indeterminate sentences, the rise of mandatory sentences, and the role of the victim in the sentencing process. The chapter begins by outlining the methods by which cases come before the courts for sentencing. It then summarizes the specific sentences available to courts and examines current sentencing patterns, before turning to a more detailed exploration of sentencing guidelines, and of the key issues identified above. The chapter addresses two critical questions: What is sentencing (namely who exerts the power to punish)? Does sentencing in the UK measure up to appropriate standards of fairness and consistency?

scholarly journals From "Looking for Alibrandi" to "Does my Head Look Big in This?": The role of Australian teenage novels in reconceptualising racialised-gendered identities

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lana Zannettino
Keyword(s):  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Ethnic Identification ◽  
Dominant Culture ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Female Protagonists ◽  
Gendered Identities ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Biological Race

This paper undertakes a comparative analysis of three Australian teenage novels – Melina Marchetta’s ‘Looking for Alibrandi’ (1992), Randa Abdel-Fattah’s ‘Does my Head Look Big in This?’ (2005), and Morris Gleitzman’s ‘Girl Underground’ (2004). Drawing from feminist post-structural and post-colonial theories, the paper examines how each author has constructed the racialised-gendered identities of their female protagonists, including the ways in which they struggle to develop an identity in-between minority and dominant cultures. Also considered is how each author inter-weaves race, gender and class to produce subjects that are positioned differently across minority and dominant cultures. The similarities in how the authors have inscribed race and ethnicity on the subjectivities of their female characters, despite the novels being written at different points in time and focusing on different racial and ethnic identities, suggest that what it means to be a raced subject in Australia has more to do with the significance of all-at-once ‘belonging’ and ‘not belonging’ to the dominant culture, of ‘inclusion’ and ‘exclusion’ and of ‘sameness’ and ‘otherness’, than it has with the unique characteristics of biological race and ethnic identification. The paper argues that this kind of fiction carries with it an implicit pedagogy about race relations in Australia, which has the potential to subvert oppressive binary dualisms of race and gender by demonstrating possibilities for the development of hybrid cultural identities and ‘collaborations of humanity’.

General Self-Efficacy and Body Weight: The Role of Race and Gender

2020 ◽  
pp. 003329412096107
Author(s):  
Gordon Schmidt ◽  
Shaun Pichler
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Surgeon General ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
General Self Efficacy

Overweight and obesity have become a prominent concern for policymakers, the Surgeon General, scholars, and for work organizations. The estimated annual cost of obesity in terms of lost productivity is in the tens of billions of dollars, and the estimated annual medical cost of obesity is in the hundreds of millions of dollars. Psychologists have become increasingly interested in issues related to body weight, such as ways to help people reduce body weight. The aims of our study are twofold. First, based on social cognitive theory, we offer the first study of the relationship between general self-efficacy (GSE) and body weight based on a large, representative sample. Second, we also offer an understanding of the role of race and gender as potential boundary conditions of this relationship. Findings indicate that race moderates the relationship between GSE and body weight (both BMI and perceived weight) such that this relationship is positive for Blacks but negative for Whites. Gender did not moderate the relationship between GSE and body weight. These results suggest that body weight is unrelated to general self-efficacy in the population writ large and that body weight is differentially related to self-efficacy based on race but not gender.

scholarly journals Smoking cessation behavior in older adults by race and gender: The role of health problems and psychological distress

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Sachs-Ericsson ◽  
Norman B. Schmidt ◽  
Michael J. Zvolensky ◽  
Melissa Mitchell ◽  
Nicole Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
And Gender

Creating a “Home Away from Home”: Korean Women’s Performances of the Imaginary American Home at US Military Clubs in South Korea, 1955–64

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-236
Author(s):  
Yu Jung Lee
Keyword(s):  
United States Army ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Us Military ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Military ◽  
Occupied Zone

Abstract This article considers the proliferation of Korean native camp shows and the roles of Korean women entertainers at the military service clubs of the Eighth United States Army in Korea in the 1950s and the 1960s. The role of the “American sweethearts” in USO camp shows—to create a “home away from home” and boost the morale of the American troops during wartime—was carried out by female Korean entertainers in the occupied zone at a critical moment in US-ROK relations during the Cold War. The article argues that Korean entertainers at military clubs were meant to perform the entertainment of “home” and evoke nostalgia for American soldiers by imitating well-known American singers and songs. However, what they performed as America was not simply the reproduction of American entertainment but often a manifestation of their imagination; they were constructing their own version of the American home. Their hybrid styles of American performance were indicative of how the discourse of the American home itself was constructed around ambivalence, the very site where women entertainers were enabled to exceed the rigid boundaries of race and gender, transcend their roles as imitators, and exercise their agency by productively negotiating this ambivalence.

scholarly journals Feminist engagement with restorative justice

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Daly ◽  
Julie Stubbs
Keyword(s):  
Family Violence ◽  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Feminist Analysis ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Theories Of Justice ◽  
Politics Of Race ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Justice Studies

We analyse five areas of feminist engagement with restorative justice (RJ): theories of justice; the role of retribution in criminal justice; studies of gender (and other social relations) in RJ processes; the appropriateness of RJ for partner, sexual or family violence; and the politics of race and gender in making justice claims. Feminist engagement has focused almost exclusively on the appropriateness of RJ for sexual, partner or family violence, but there is a need to broaden the focus. We identify a wider spectrum of theoretical, political and empirical problems for future feminist analysis of RJ.

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