Tool wear and resulting surface finish during micro slot milling of polycarbonates using uncoated and coated carbide tools

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 52-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Pervej Jahan ◽  
Jianfeng Ma ◽  
Craig Hanson ◽  
Greg K Arbuckle
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Slot Milling ◽  
Coated Tools ◽  
Tool Coating ◽  
Micro Channels

A growing application of polycarbonates is in the microfluidic disks and DNA detection devices, where surface finish of the micro-channels plays an important role. This study intends to investigate the tool wear and surface finish generated during micro slot milling of polycarbonate using uncoated, TiN-coated, and TiAlN-coated tungsten carbide tools. The effects of tool coating and the machining parameters on the possible reduction of tool wear and improvement of surface finish were investigated. It was found that with careful selection of cutting parameters and tool coating, micro-channels with smoother surface finish, minimum burrs around the edges, and controlled tool wear can be obtained using micro-milling. A combination of medium range of depth of cut and feed rate was found to improve the surface finish in polycarbonates, as well as minimize the tool wear. The TiAlN tool coating was found to only be effective in reducing tool wear without much effect on the machined surface. The adhesion was found to be the most dominating tool wear mechanism in uncoated carbide tool, followed by cutting edge chipping and tool nose’s plastic failure. The adhesion wear was found to be reduced in coated tools, especially in TiAlN-coated tools, although delamination wear started to dominate in the coated tools when higher feed rate and depth of cut were used. Both lower and higher of depths of cut were found to generate higher tool wear and leave traces of tool marks on the machined surface.

DECODING OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COMPLEX STRUCTURES OF MACHINED SURFACE AND TOOL WEAR IN MILLING OPERATION

Fractals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (07) ◽  
pp. 2050104
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD OWAIS QADRI ◽  
HAMIDREZA NAMAZI
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Machining Operations

Surface finish of machined workpiece is one of the factors to evaluate the performance of machining operations. There are different factors such as machining parameters that affect the surface finish of machined workpiece. Tool wear is an unwanted machining issue that highly affects the surface finish of machined workpiece. In a similar way, different parameters (e.g. cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut) also affect tool wear. In this research, we investigated how the complex structure of machined workpiece is related to the complex structure of tool wear. For this purpose, we benefited from the fractal analysis. The experiments were conducted based on the variations of machining parameters (depth of cut, feed rate and spindle speed), and accordingly the fractal dimension of machined surface was analyzed versus the fractal dimension of tool wear. Based on the obtained results, the complexity of machined surface is related to the complexity of tool wear. Fractal analysis could be applied to other machining operations to analyze the complex structures of machined surface and tool and potentially make a relationship between them.

FRACTAL-BASED ANALYSIS OF THE RELATION BETWEEN THE FRACTAL STRUCTURES OF MACHINED SURFACE AND TOOL WEAR IN TURNING OPERATION

Fractals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (06) ◽  
pp. 1950094 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHAI LIP KIEW ◽  
AKSHAYEN BRAHMANANDA ◽  
KH TAUHID ISLAM ◽  
HAO NAM LEE ◽  
SAMUEL ANTHONY VENIER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
Surface Quality ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Turning Operation ◽  
Machining Operations

Obtaining the optimum surface finish is one of the key factors in machining operations. For this purpose, engineers apply a set of machining parameters to obtain the desired surface quality. On the other hand, tool faces wear during machining operation that itself affects the surface quality of machined surface. Therefore, tool wear and surface finish of machined workpiece should be related to each other. In this research, we employ fractal analysis in order to investigate the correlation between variations of complex structure of machined surface and tool wear in turning operation. In fact, we changed the machining parameters between different experiments and investigated how the machined surface is correlated with the tool wear. Based on the obtained results, we can see the correlation between the complexity of machined surface and tool wear by increasing the depth of cut, spindle speed and feed rate in different experiments. The method of analysis employed in this research can be widely applied to other machining operations in order to find the correlation between the surface quality of machined surface and tool wear.

Tool-Life of Wiper and Standard Cutting Tool in Finish Turning of SAE 4140

2013 ◽  
Vol 845 ◽  
pp. 760-764
Author(s):  
André J. Souza ◽  
Guilherme Cortelini Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Tool Life ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Nose Radius ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Finish Turning

Vibration tendency can rise in turning process when selecting a cutting tool with larger nose radius and/or increasing the feed rate. As consequence, it may affect the process performance by reducing the tool-life and causing damage to the machined surface finish. Moreover, the generated surface roughness strongly depends on the relation between feed rate and cutting tool nose radius. The wiper cutting tool is a recent technological advancement which is claimed to allow both the feed rate and the depth of cut to be doubled while maintaining the same surface finish value in comparison with standard tools. Thus, the objective of this paper is to benchmark tool-life of standard and wiper cutting tools in dry finish turning of SAE 4140 steel. The analysis consists of successive measurements of workpiece roughness and tool corner wear after each turning pass while using combined machining parameters for a target roughness average value close to 2 μm with both inserts being used under the manufacturers recommended cutting conditions. It is noted that the two inserts presented good performance both in the workpiece finish and in tool-wear.

scholarly journals Investigation of AlCrN-Coated Inserts on Cryogenic Turning of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1338
Author(s):  
Lakshmanan Selvam ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Murugesan ◽  
Dhananchezian Mani ◽  
Yuvaraj Natarajan
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Coated Carbide ◽  
Cryogenic Conditions

Over the past decade, the focus of the metal cutting industry has been on the improvement of tool life for achieving higher productivity and better finish. Researchers are attempting to reduce tool failure in several ways such as modified coating characteristics of a cutting tool, conventional coolant, cryogenic coolant, and cryogenic treated insert. In this study, a single layer coating was made on cutting carbide inserts with newly determined thickness. Coating thickness, presence of coating materials, and coated insert hardness were observed. This investigation also dealt with the effect of machining parameters on the cutting force, surface finish, and tool wear when turning Ti-6Al-4V alloy without coating and Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD)-AlCrN coated carbide cutting inserts under cryogenic conditions. The experimental results showed that AlCrN-based coated tools with cryogenic conditions developed reduced tool wear and surface roughness on the machined surface, and cutting force reductions were observed when a comparison was made with the uncoated carbide insert. The best optimal parameters of a cutting speed (Vc) of 215 m/min, feed rate (f) of 0.102 mm/rev, and depth of cut (doc) of 0.5 mm are recommended for turning titanium alloy using the multi-response TOPSIS technique.

Effect of machining parameters on the surface finish of a metal matrix composite under dry cutting conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 231 (6) ◽  
pp. 913-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Boswell ◽  
Mohammad Nazrul Islam ◽  
Ian J Davies ◽  
Alokesh Pramanik
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Metal Matrix Composite ◽  
Tool Life ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Dry Cutting

The machining of aerospace materials, such as metal matrix composites, introduces an additional challenge compared with traditional machining operations because of the presence of a reinforcement phase (e.g. ceramic particles or whiskers). This reinforcement phase decreases the thermal conductivity of the workpiece, thus, increasing the tool interface temperature and, consequently, reducing the tool life. Determining the optimum machining parameters is vital to maximising tool life and producing parts with the desired quality. By measuring the surface finish, the authors investigated the influence that the three major cutting parameters (cutting speed (50–150 m/min), feed rate (0.10–0.30 mm/rev) and depth of cut (1.0–2.0 mm)) have on tool life. End milling of a boron carbide particle-reinforced aluminium alloy was conducted under dry cutting conditions. The main result showed that contrary to the expectations for traditional machined alloys, the surface finish of the metal matrix composite examined in this work generally improved with increasing feed rate. The resulting surface roughness (arithmetic average) varied between 1.15 and 5.64 μm, with the minimum surface roughness achieved with the machining conditions of a cutting speed of 100 m/min, feed rate of 0.30 mm/rev and depth of cut of 1.0 mm. Another important result was the presence of surface microcracks in all specimens examined by electron microscopy irrespective of the machining condition or surface roughness.

Multi Objective Optimization of Cutting Parameters in Machining Cellulose Based Hybrid Composites

2015 ◽  
Vol 761 ◽  
pp. 287-292
Author(s):  
Raja Izamshah ◽  
Zainudin Zuraidah ◽  
Mohd Shahir Kasim ◽  
M. Hadzley ◽  
M. Amran
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Machining Performance ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Optimization Of Cutting Parameters

Cellulose based hybrid composites are gaining popularity in the growing green communities. With extensive studies and increasing applications for future advancement, the need for an accurate and reliable guidance in machining this type of composites has increased enormously. Smooth and defect free machined surface are always the ultimate objectives. The present work deals with the study of machining parameters (i.e. spindle speed, feed rate and depth of cut) and their effects on machining performance (i.e. surface roughness and delamination) to establish an optimized setup of machining parameters in achieving multi objective machining performance. Cellulose based hybrid composites consist of jute (a bast fiber) and glass fiber embedded in polyester resins. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was chosen as the design of experiment approach for this study. Based on that experimental approach, 17 experimental runs were conducted. Mathematical model for each response was developed based on the experimental data. Adequacy of the models were analyzed statistically using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in determining the significant input variables and possible interactions. The multi objective optimization was performed through numerical optimization, and the predicted results were validated. The agreement between the experimental and selected solution was found to be strong, between 95% to 96%, thus validating the solution as the optimal machining condition. The findings suggest that feed rate was the main factor affecting surface roughness and delamination .

Machining Finish of Titanium Alloy Prepared by Additive Manufacturing

2017 ◽  
Vol 872 ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Huang ◽  
Qian Bai ◽  
Yong Tao Li ◽  
Bi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Slot Milling

Surface finish plays a critical role in functional performance of machined components. This study investigates machining finish of Ti-6Al-4V alloy prepared by Additive Manufacturing (AM) with a series of slot-milling experiments. The study compares the machined AMed part with that made of the conventional wrought Ti-6Al-4V. The microstructure of AMed parts is acicular α and Widmanstatten α lath structures compared to lamellar α structure of that in the wrought parts. Due to the unique microstructure from AM process, the AMed parts present higher strength and lower ductility. Therefore, a lower surface roughness is obtained in the milling of AMed parts compared to its counterpart of wrought parts. In addition, the machined surface of AMed parts possesses a topography of discontinued ridges. It is believed that the topography is due to low ductility of AMed part. The results show that the machined AMed part presents better surface finish. The study provides a guidance to optimization of machining parameters for AMed Ti-6Al-4V alloys.

scholarly journals Analysis and Optimization of Cutting Tool Coating Effects on Surface Roughness and Cutting Forces on Turning of AA 6061 Alloy

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Mahir Akgün ◽  
Fuat Kara
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Dry Cutting ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Tool Coating ◽  
Cutting Inserts

The present work has been focused on cutting force (Fc) and analysis of machined surface in turning of AA 6061 alloy with uncoated and PVD-TiB2 coated cutting inserts. Turning tests have been conducted on a CNC turning under dry cutting conditions based on Taguchi L18 (21 × 33) array. Kistler 9257A type dynamometer and equipment have been used in measuring the main cutting force (Fc) in turning experiments. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been applied to define the effect levels of the turning parameters on Fc and Ra. Moreover, the mathematical models for Fc and Ra have been developed via linear and quadratic regression models. The results indicated that the best performance in terms of Fc and Ra was obtained at an uncoated insert, cutting speed of 350 m/min, feed rate of 0.1 mm/rev, and depth of cut of 1 mm. Moreover, the feed rate is the most influential parameter on Ra and Fc, with 64.28% and 54.9%, respectively. The developed mathematical models for cutting force (Fc) and surface roughness (Ra) present reliable results with coefficients of determination (R2) of 96.04% and 92.15%, respectively.

FRACTAL-BASED ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF MACHINING PARAMETERS ON SURFACE FINISH OF WORKPIECE IN TURNING OPERATION

Fractals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (04) ◽  
pp. 1950043 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEEVIN JITHMAL PATHIRANAGAMA ◽  
HAMIDREZA NAMAZI
Keyword(s):  
Surface Quality ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Fractal Theory ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Spindle Speed ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Cutting Depth ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Turning Operation

Analysis of workpiece surface quality is one of the major issues in manufacturing engineering. Turning operation is a famous machining operation that is widely used in machining of materials. In this research, we investigate the surface finish of machined workpiece from turning operation. For this purpose, we employ fractal theory to study the complex structure of machined workpiece’s surface in different conditions. The applied parameters include the variations of cutting depth, feed rate and spindle speed in wet and dry machining conditions. Based on the obtained results, we found the correlation between the increment of fractal dimension of machined surface and the increment of cutting depth, feed rate and spindle speed in wet machining condition. The obtained results will be discussed in relation with the complexity of machined surface. The employed method of analysis in this research can be widely applied to the analysis of the effect of different machining parameters and conditions on the surface quality of machined workpiece in case of different machining operations.

COMPLEXITY-BASED ANALYSIS OF THE RELATION BETWEEN TOOL WEAR AND MACHINE VIBRATION IN TURNING OPERATION

Fractals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (01) ◽  
pp. 2050018 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHAI LIP KIEW ◽  
AKSHAYEN BRAHMANANDA ◽  
KH. TAUHID ISLAM ◽  
HAO NAM LEE ◽  
SAMUEL ANTHONY VENIER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Fractal Theory ◽  
Vibration Signal ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Fractal Structures ◽  
Machine Vibration ◽  
Speed Change ◽  
Machining Operations

Tool wear is an important issue that happens in all machining operations when the tool exerts forces on the workpiece. Therefore, engineers should choose the optimum values for machining parameters and conditions to reduce the amount of tool wear and increase its life. Machine vibration is one of the factors that highly affects tool wear. Since both tool wear and machine vibration signal have complex structures, in this research we employ fractal theory to find out their relation. In this paper, we analyze the relation between tool wear and machine vibration signal in different experiments where the depth of cut, feed rate and spindle speed change. The obtained results showed that tool wear and machine vibration signal are related to each other in case of variations of depth of cut and feed rate in different experiments, where both fractal structures get more complex by the increment of these machining parameters. The obtained method of analysis in this research can be potentially applied to other machining operations in order to link the machine vibration to the structure of tool wear.

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