Reliability and sustainability of wire arc additive manufactured plates using ER 347 wire-mechanical and metallurgical perspectives

2019 ◽  
pp. 095440621986113
Author(s):  
R Duraisamy ◽  
S Mohan Kumar ◽  
A Rajesh Kannan ◽  
N Siva Shanmugam ◽  
K Sankaranarayanasamy
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Gas Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Delta Ferrite ◽  
Equiaxed Dendrite ◽  
Ferrite Number ◽  
Metal Arc Welding

The steel wall measuring 120 mm in length and 210 mm in height was manufactured by wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) using ER347 wire and gas metal arc welding (GMAW). The mechanical integrity and microstructure of the WAAM treated plate were examined. It was found that the steel plate was well formed, no clear boundaries between the layers were observed, and different thermal history leads to a variety of microstructures. The hardness of the WAAM-processed plate gradually varied from top to bottom and was between 203.5 HV and 248.2 HV. Microstructure of WAAM 347 consists of columnar dendrites and equiaxed dendrite in the multilayer deposition. The percent volume fraction of delta ferrite in the as-deposited WAAM plate was 4.2 and the predicted ferrite number from WRC-1992 diagram is 4.1. The mechanical properties of the welded parts were anisotropic; the sample at 45° orientation has a higher tensile strength compared to 0° and 90° orientation samples. The fractured tensile specimens in the as-deposited state were characterized by dimple-like structures revealing the ductile fracture. SEM line mapping confirms the presence of intermetallic compounds (NbC) in the WAAM 347 plate.

Effect of Shielding Gas Mixture on Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) of Low Carbon Steel (LR Grade A)

2016 ◽  
Vol 705 ◽  
pp. 250-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yustiasih Purwaningrum ◽  
Triyono ◽  
M. Wirawan Pu ◽  
Fandi Alfarizi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Gas Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Shielding Gas ◽  
Weld Metals ◽  
Metal Arc Welding

The aimed of this research is to determine the feasibility and effect of the mixture of the shielding gas in the physical and mechanical properties. Low carbon steel LR grade A in a thickness 12 mm were joined in butt joint types using GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding) with groove’s gap 5 mm and groove angle’s 400 with variation of shielding gas composition. The composition of shielding gas that used were 100% Ar, 100 % CO2 and 50% Ar + 50 % CO2. The measured of mechanical properties with regard to strength, hardness and toughness using, tensile test, bending test, Vickers hardness Test, and Charpy impact test respectively. The physical properties examined with optical microscope. Results show that tensile strength of welding metals are higher than raw materials. Welds metal with mixing Ar + CO shielding gas has the highest tensile strength. Hardness of weld metals with the shielding gas 100% Ar, 100 % CO2 and 50% Ar + 50 % CO2 are 244.9; 209.4; and 209.4 VHN respectively. The temperature of Charpy test was varied to find the transition temperature of the materials. The temperature that used were –60°C, -40°C, -20°C, 0°C, 20°C , and room temperature. Weld metals with various shielding gas have similar trends of toughness flux that was corellated with the microstructure of weld .

Mechanical Properties of 5083 Aluminium Welds after Manual and Automatic Pulsed Gas Metal Arc Welding Using E5356 Filler

2010 ◽  
Vol 654-656 ◽  
pp. 2560-2563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalenda Mutombo ◽  
Madeleine du Toit
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Stress Concentration ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Gas Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Filler Wire ◽  
Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Weld Toe ◽  
Fully Automatic

Semi-automatic and automatic pulsed gas metal arc welding (GMAW) of aluminium alloy 5083 with ER5356 filler wire causes considerable softening in the weld. The tensile strength of dressed automatic welds approaches that of the base metal, but the stress concentration caused by the weld toe in undressed semi-automatic welds reduced the tensile strength significantly. Fully automatic welds displayed improved fatigue properties compared to semi-automatic welds.

Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) Process Optimization of 1.5 mm Uncoated Dual Phase 780 (DP780) Joint for Automotive Body Structural Applications

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramakrishna Koganti ◽  
Cindy Jiang ◽  
Chris Karas
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Gas Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Lap Joint ◽  
Weld Geometry ◽  
Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Static Tensile ◽  
Wire Feed

With the increasing demand for safety, energy saving and emission reduction, Advanced High Strength Steels (AHSS) have become very attractive steels for automobile makers. The usage of AHSS steels is projected to grow significantly in the next 5–10 years with new safety and fuel economy regulations. These new steels have significant manufacturing challenges, particularly for welding and stamping. Welding of AHSS remains one of the technical challenges in the successful application of AHSS in automobile structures due to heat-affected zone (HAZ) at the weld joint. In this study Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) of a lap joint configuration consisting of 1.5 mm uncoated DP780 to itself was investigated. The objective of the study was to understand the wire feed rate (WFR) and torch (or robot) speed (TS) influence on lap joint tensile strength (static and fatigue). A two factor, two level, full factorial design of experiment (DOE) was conducted to understand the wire feed and torch speed influence on tensile and fatigue strength of the welded joints. In order to understand the curvature effect, center point was also considered in the experiment. Based on the statistical analysis both factors are significant on static tensile strength and two way interaction between wire feed rate and torch speed was also significant on static tensile strength. Wire feed rate was the common significant factor on all three fatigue load conditions (1200 lbf, 1500 lbf and 1900 lbf). Metallurgical properties of the lap joints were evaluated using optical microscopy. Significant hardness drop of 25% was observed at the HAZ. To understand the influence of weld parameters and weld geometry on mechanical properties, correlation analysis was conducted among weld heat input parameters, weld geometry and mechanical properties (both static and fatigue loads).

Effect of inclusions on microstructure and mechanical behavior of multi-pass welded naval grade steel

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (8) ◽  
pp. 1071-1083
Author(s):  
M Venkatesh Kannan ◽  
N Arivazhagan ◽  
M Nageswara Rao ◽  
G Madhusudhan Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
Acicular Ferrite ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Gas Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Metal Arc Welding

This paper assesses the metallurgical characteristics and mechanical properties of multi-pass gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) and gas metal arc welding (GMAW) of micro-alloyed steel DMR 249-A. The prime objective was to carry out a comparative study of the microstructure and mechanical properties of the joints produced by the two types of welding. A high volume of larger sized inclusions in GMAW contributed to inferior mechanical properties. The coarse-grained part of the heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) showed a lower microhardness. Fracture always occurred in the heat-affected zone, and it is believed that it is associated with CGHAZ. GTAW joints showed low tensile residual stress, higher hardness, and tensile strength. GTA weldment also showed superior impact toughness at sub-zero temperature (–60 °C). Mn-containing inclusions were seen in GTA weldments; it is believed that they promote the formation of acicular ferrite. This is believed to be responsible for the superior mechanical properties of GTA weldments. The microstructural analysis of the two weldments revealed the presence of a higher volume fraction of acicular ferrite in the GTAW. All in all, GTAW joint was found to perform better than GMAW joint.

Optimization of Argon Gas Metal Arc Welding Process Parameters with Regard to Tensile Strength for AISI 310 Stainless Steel Using Taguchi Technique

2022 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Hanmant Virbhadra Shete ◽  
Sanket Dattatraya Gite
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Gas Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Taguchi Technique ◽  
Argon Gas ◽  
Metal Arc Welding ◽  
310 Stainless Steel ◽  
Arc Welding Process

Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) is the leading process in the development of arc welding process for higher productivity and quality. In this study, the effect of process parameters of argon gas welding on the strength of T type welded joint of AISI 310 stainless steel is analyzed. The Taguchi technique is used to develop the experimental matrix and tensile strength of the welded joint is measured using experimental method and finite element method. Optimization of input parameter is performed for the maximum tensile strength of welded joint using ANOVA. The results showed that welding speed is the most significant factor affecting the tensile strength followed by voltage in argon gas metal arc welding (AGMAW) process. Argon gas welding process performance with regard to the tensile strength is optimized at voltage: 18.5 V, wire feed speed: 63 m/min and welding speed: 0.36 m/min.

Gas metal arc welding of XPF800 steel for automotive industry: Microstructural evaluation and mechanical properties investigation

2021 ◽  
pp. 146442072110567
Author(s):  
Emre Korkmaz ◽  
Cemal Meran
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Gas Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Heat Affected Zone Softening

In this study, the effect of gas metal arc welding on the mechanical and microstructure properties of hot-rolled XPF800 steel newly produced by TATA Steel has been investigated. This steel finds its role in the automotive industry as chassis and seating applications. The microstructure transformation during gas metal arc welding has been analyzed using scanning electron microscope, optical microscope, and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. Tensile, Charpy impact, and microhardness tests have been implemented to determine the mechanical properties of welded samples. Acceptable welded joints have been obtained using heat input in the range of 0.28–0.46 kJ/mm. It has been found that the base metal hardness of the welded sample is 320 HV0.1. On account of the heat-affected zone softening, the intercritical heat-affected zone hardness values have diminished ∼20% compared to base metal.

Effect of the Heat Input in the Transformation of Retained Austenite in Advanced Steels of Transformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP) Welded with Gas Metal Arc Welding

2013 ◽  
Vol 339 ◽  
pp. 700-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Lopez ◽  
Arturo Reyes ◽  
Patricia Zambrano
Keyword(s):  
Heat Input ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Gas Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Residual Austenite ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Transformation Induced Plasticity ◽  
Metal Arc Welding

The effect of heat input on the transformation of retained austenite steels transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) was investigated in the heat affected zone (HAZ) of the Gas Metal Arc Welding GMAW process. The determination of retained austenite of the HAZ is important in optimizing the welding parameters when welding TRIP steels, because this will greatly influence the mechanical properties of the welding joint due to the transformation of residual austenite into martensite due to work hardening. Coupons were welded with high and low heat input for investigating the austenite transformation of the base metal due to heat applied by the welding process and was evaluated by optical microscopy and the method of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Data analyzed shows that the volume fraction of retained austenite in the HAZ increases with the heat input applied by the welding process, being greater as the heat input increase and decrease the cooling rate, this due to variation in the travel speed of the weld path.

scholarly journals Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) of Aluminum Alloy AlMg5Mn with Energy-Reduced Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW)

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Gierth ◽  
Philipp Henckell ◽  
Yarop Ali ◽  
Jonas Scholl ◽  
Jean Pierre Bergmann
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Gas Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Cold Metal Transfer ◽  
Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

Large-scale aluminum parts are used in aerospace and automotive industries, due to excellent strength, light weight, and the good corrosion resistance of the material. Additive manufacturing processes enable both cost and time savings in the context of component manufacturing. Thereby, wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is particularly suitable for the production of large volume parts due to deposition rates in the range of kilograms per hour. Challenges during the manufacturing process of aluminum alloys, such as porosity or poor mechanical properties, can be overcome by using arc technologies with adaptable energy input. In this study, WAAM of AlMg5Mn alloy was systematically investigated by using the gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process. Herein, correlations between the energy input and the resulting temperature–time-regimes show the effect on resulting microstructure, weld seam irregularities and the mechanical properties of additively manufactured aluminum parts. Therefore, multilayer walls were built layer wise using the cold metal transfer (CMT) process including conventional CMT, CMT advanced and CMT pulse advanced arc modes. These processing strategies were analyzed by means of energy input, whereby the geometrical features of the layers could be controlled as well as the porosity to area portion to below 1% in the WAAM parts. Furthermore, the investigations show the that mechanical properties like tensile strength and material hardness can be adapted throughout the energy input per unit length significantly.

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