Forest Fire Detection Using Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks and Image Compression

Recently, the issue of multimedia sensors received considerable critical attention, that led to the apparition of Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs) WMSN that different from wireless sensor networks (WSN) by using multimedia sensors that can process video, audio, image data besides scalar data and send it to station base (SB). Multimedia data have a big volume bigger than scalar data and need more resources and consumed more energy. The ideal solution to solve the problems of WMSN (big volume, energy consumption) is data compression. Forest plays a critical role in our daily life we can summarize the importance of forests in human life. Among the most dangerous events the forest fires that happen because of natural or Man-made. Many methods used to detect forest fires the newest are: wireless multimedia sensor networks. Our system of detecting forest fire has been developed using a wireless multimedia senor network with two types of sensors (scalar, images). In the first phase when the scalar sensors detected a high temperature its announced alarm to activate the image sensors. In the second phase for detecting fire the image sensors, we used image processing tools. When the zone of fire in the image captured was detected the phase of compression started using the down sampling method. the final phase is transmission data to the station base using the grid chain transmission protocol technique, which allows a critical optimization of energy consumption. So, maximizing network life. The competence of the proposed system is achieved by minimizing size of image transmitted with grid chain routing protocol.

PREPARATORY STAGE FOR MONITORING THE LOAD-BEARING STRUCTURES OF THE OPERATED SUBWAY STATION

Modern technologies for the construction of a subway underground allow reconstruction of operated stations without stopping the movement of trains and subway disruptions. However, this problem is quite complicated, because at the device of transitive tunnels it is possible to violate the stress-strain state of the main load-bearing structures and ground of the station base, track upper-structure drawdown appearance that is impermissible for the safe operation of the subway. The article presents the results of the preparatory stage of theMinsk subway station main load-carrying structures state monitoring, as well as the results of spatial calculations based on design data, considering the stage of transition tunnel construction work from the first to the third branches.

Ecoturismo e desenvolvimento local na Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã/Melgaço (PA)

A prática do ecoturismo em unidades de conservação apresenta-se como uma alternativa de uso público constantes nos planos de manejo. Na Amazônia paraense, observa-se que as lacunas de políticas públicas direcionadas para as Unidades de Conservação, sejam estaduais e/ou federais, é o principal entrave ao desenvolvimento do ecoturismo nestas áreas, assim como para a garantia de sustentabilidade dos recursos existentes, e para as comunidades tradicionais. A despeito desta problemática, vislumbra-se que o desenvolvimento local é um dos princípios do ecoturismo, sendo, portanto, uma das alternativas de manejo para essas áreas. Desse modo, este estudo objetivou analisar as possibilidades do ecoturismo na Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã/Melgaço (PA), enquanto alternativa de desenvolvimento local, manejo dos recursos de forma sustentável e envolvimento das comunidades locais. Para o alcance dos resultados foi realizado, revisão bibliográfica e documental, um survey na área, particularmente na Estação Científica Ferreira Penna, base do ICMBIO, além da comunidade Brabo, momento em que se fez levantamento de dados, entrevistas, registro fotográfico e observação direta quanto as possibilidades para o desenvolvimento local, tendo como foco o ecoturismo. Os resultados demonstram que os recursos naturais e culturais da FLONA são fatores preponderantes para o desenvolvimento do ecoturismo, com possibilidades de segmentação e tipologias diversas, como: observação de pássaros; ecoturismo; turismo de base comunitário; turismo científico. Porém, urge a definição de um documento norteador com estratégias e diretrizes para regulamentar as ações e operação das atividades; parcerias entre as instituições que desenvolvem pesquisas, fiscalização e controle ambiental da área; além de criar instrumento de governança, planejamento e empoderamento das instituições e populações locais. Ecotourism and local development in National Forest Caxiuanã/Melgaço (PA, Brazil) The practice of ecotourism in protected areas is presented as an alternative to constant public use in the management plans. In Pará Amazon, it is observed that public policy gaps directed to the protected areas, are state and / or federal, is the main obstacle to the development of ecotourism in these areas, as well as guaranteeing sustainability of existing resources, and for traditional communities in these areas. Despite this problem, one sees that the local development is one of the ecotourism principles and is therefore one of the management alternatives for these areas. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the possibilities of ecotourism in the National Forest Caxiuanã/Melgaço (PA, Brazil), as an alternative to local development, management of sustainable resources and involvement of local communities. To achieve the results was carried out, documentary and bibliographical review, a survey in the area, particularly in the Ferreira Penna Scientific Station, base ICMBIO, beyond Brabo community, when we did survey data, interviews, photographic records and direct observation as the possibilities for local development, focusing on ecotourism. The results show that natural and cultural resources of the National Forest are important factors for the development of ecotourism, with segmentation possibilities and various types, such as bird watching; ecotourism; Community-based tourism; scientific tourism. However, it is urgent to define a guiding document with strategies and guidelines to regulate the actions and operation of activities; partnerships between institutions that develop research, monitoring and environmental control area; and create governance tool, planning and empowerment of local institutions and populations. KEYWORDS: Ecotourism; Local Development; Caxiuanã; FLONA.

Installasi Base Transceiver Station (BTS) untuk Jaringan Node B pada Operator Hutchison 3 Indonesia (H3I)

Base Transceiver Station is a device used to connect mobile-phone or smartphone in order to make long-distance communication, although in doing the movement or in transit from one place to another. Installation Base Transceiver Station for Network Node B At the operator Hutchison 3 Indonesia is done to make the operator Hutchison 3 Indonesia signal received by the phone for the better and not dashed when the user performs long-distance communication links with conditions in performing the movement or in the course of one place to another. Methods beginning the process of physical installation of Base Transceiver Station for Node B network in the operator Hutchison 3 Indonesia and order all the Base Transceiver Station can live well after the battery is connected to a rectifier and the required accuracy when performing the installation Base Transceiver Station. Furthermore, the integration process or Commissioning of the Base Transceiver Station for Node B network operator Hutchison 3 Indonesia on this in order to actively and After Commissioning obtained Receive Signal Level sectoral antennas of -59 dBm which can emit a signal as far as 7 km to 8 km , after the new process or Pointing connection between this new Base Transceiver Station Base Transceiver Station with preexisting and Pointing between Siak new Base Transceiver Station Base Transceiver Station Perawang with Perawang Students who have a distance of 5 km Receive Signal level of -32.4 dBm made in accordance with a budget link provided operator Hutchison 3 Indonesia is -30 dBm to -40 dBm.

The Impact on the Surrounding Buildings of a Deep Excavation in Hefei

According to the building settlement monitoring around the base pit, research the deep base pit excavation impacting on the surrounding buildings. Take Hefei subway station base pit project as example, by way of an adjacent residential building whole process of excavation monitoring, research the impact of deep excavation on the surrounding buildings. Timely feedback to the construction unit, to ensure the smooth construction of pit, and provides a reference to design and construction of deep foundation pit.

Oiled wildlife response for Antarctica: Practical and realistic solutions

ABSTRACT Through the Antarctic Treaty on Environmental Protection all of the Antarctic member nations are required to have in place contingency plans for oil spills including oiled wildlife response. The current risks for marine pollution incidents to the Antarctic environment include refuelling activities associated with Antarctic stations/bases; routine station/base activities; and shipping associated with stations/bases, tourism, commercial fishing and whaling. Between 1981 and 2011 there have been reported 33 spills or near spill incidents associated with the Antarctic marine environment. Wildlife at risk from oil spills include seabirds (flying birds and penguins), pinnipeds and cetaceans. Antarctic and polar environments both provide a number of logistical and practical complications given their climatic and geographic character. The key elements for response actions for Antarctic wildlife identified are divided amongst primary, secondary and tertiary oiled wildlife response activities. Primary activities identified include focussing containment and clean up efforts to protecting wildlife as a priority using tools such as sensitivity mapping, stochastic and real time modelling. Secondary activities specific to individual wildlife groups were identified and included specialised hazing, exclusion and pre-emptive capture mechanisms focussed to the Antarctic environment. Tertiary activities are considered with regards to the real capacity of Antarctic stations to respond, take and rehabilitate oiled wildlife given the Antarctic environment and its limitations. The paper identifies realistic mechanisms and systems considering the climatic, logistical and practical issues of the Antarctic environment. Although specific to Antarctic bases the paper outcomes can be equally applied to other polar environments.