Modeling and validation of crankshaft speed fluctuations of a single-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702110262
Author(s):  
Mustafa Babagiray ◽  
Hamit Solmaz ◽  
Duygu İpci ◽  
Fatih Aksoy
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Moment Of Inertia ◽  
Mass Motion ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Motion Equations ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Mass Moment ◽  
Mass Moment Of Inertia ◽  
Speed Fluctuations

In this study, a dynamic model of a single-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine has been created, and the crankshaft speed fluctuations have been simulated and validated. The dynamic model of the engine consists of the motion equations of the piston, conrod, and crankshaft. Conrod motion was modeled by two translational and one angular motion equations, by considering the kinetic energy resulted from the mass moment of inertia and conrod mass. Motion equations involve in-cylinder gas pressure forces, hydrodynamic and dry friction, mass inertia moments of moving parts, starter moment, and external load moment. The In-cylinder pressure profile used in the model was obtained experimentally to increase the accuracy of the model. Pressure profiles were expressed mathematically using the Fourier series. The motion equations were solved by using the Taylor series method. The solution of the mathematical model was performed by coding in the MATLAB interface. Cyclic speed fluctuations obtained from the model were compared with experimental results and found compitable. A validated model was used to analyze the effects of in-cylinder pressure, mass moment of inertia of crankshaft and connecting rod, friction, and piston mass. In experiments for 1500, 1800, 2400, and 2700 rpm engine speeds, crankshaft speed fluctuations were observed as 12.84%, 8.04%, 5.02%, and 4.44%, respectively. In simulations performed for the same speeds, crankshaft speed fluctuations were calculated as 10.45%, 7.56%, 4.49%, and 3.65%. Besides, it was observed that the speed fluctuations decreased as the average crankshaft speed value increased. In the simulation for 157.07, 188.49, 219.91, 251.32, and 282.74 rad/s crankshaft speeds, crankshaft speed fluctuations occurred at rates of 10.45%, 7.56%, 5.84%, 4.49%, and 3.65%, respectively. The effective engine power was achieved as 5.25 kW at an average crankshaft angular speed of 219.91 rad/s. The power of friction loss in the engine was determined as 0.68 kW.

scholarly journals Research Concerning the Dynamic Model of the Conventional Sucker Rod Pumping Units

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 2818-2821
Author(s):  
Georgeta Toma
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Angular Speed ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Programming Environment ◽  
Synthesis Parameters ◽  
Mass Moment ◽  
Sucker Rod ◽  
Mass Moment Of Inertia ◽  
Pumping Units

The study of the dynamic model of the conventional sucker rod pumping units requires first determining the variation on the cinematic cycle of the synthesis parameters (the reduced moment and the reduced mass moment of inertia) and then the variation of the angular speed of the cranks, in response to the dynamic and resistant actions on the component elements that appear during operation. The paper presents the way of determining the variation on the cinematic cycle of the synthesis parameters of the dynamic model corresponding to the conventional pumping unit mechanism and of the variation of the angular speed of its cranks. The experimental records have been processed with the Total Well Management program. The simulations have been performed with a computer program developed by the author using the Maple programming environment.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Variasi Radius-Dalam Rim Terhadap Pengurangan Massa dan Momen Inersia Massa Dengan Studi Kasus Benda Putar Berdiameter 10 cm

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eka Taufiq Firmansjah
Keyword(s):  
Outer Radius ◽  
Moment Of Inertia ◽  
Mass Reduction ◽  
Inner Radius ◽  
Mass Moment ◽  
Mass Moment Of Inertia ◽  
Machine Elements ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Masses

ABSTRAK Mesin terdiri dari sekumpulan elemen mesin yang diam dan bergerak. Elemen mesin yang bergerak dengan gerakan berputar disebut benda putar. Pada beberapa kasus seringkali diinginkan pengurangan massa dari benda putar tersebut untuk alasan ekonomis, biasanya untuk elemen mesin yag diproduksi massal. Namun pengurangan massa berakibat pada pengurangan momen inersia massa benda putar bersangkutan. Jika tuntutan perancangan tidak mempermasalahkan perubahan tersebut, maka pengurangan massa tidak menjadi masalah. Namun jika momen inersia massa tidak boleh terlalu rendah, maka harus dicari kompromi dimana pengurangan massa sebesar-besarnya namun penurunan momen inersia massa sekecil-kecilnya. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan studi kasus terhadap benda putar berjari- jari 10 cm jari-jari dalam hub 2 cm dan jari-jari luar hub 4 cm. Jumlah jari-jari ada 4 dengan lebar 1 cm dan tebal benda putar 0,5 cm. Variasi pengurangan massa dilakukan dengan memvariasikan jari-jari- dalam rim. Untuk tiap variasi, dilakukan perhitungan untuk mendapatkan jumlah massa yang dapat dikurangi dan momen inersia massa dari benda putar. Ternyata pada nilai jari-jari dalam tertentu, dapat diperoleh nilai kompromi dari permasalahan diatas. Kata kunci: benda putar, penghematan bahan, momen inersia massa.  ABSTRACT Machine consists of a set of machine elements that still and moving. Machine elements that move in a circular motion called rotary object. In some cases it is often desirable reduction in the mass of the rotating object for economic reasons, usually for a mass production of machine elements. But the mass reduction results in a reduction in moment of inertia of the mass. If the demands of the design allow this decrease of moment of inertia, mass reduction is not a problem. But if the moment of inertia of the masses should not be too low, it must find a compromise in which a mass reduction profusely but the decrease in the mass moment of inertia of the smallest. In this research conducted a case study of rotating element radius of 10 cm, radius of the hub 2 cm and outer radius hub 4 cm. The number of spoke are 4 with a width of 1 cm and uniform thickness 0.5 cm all over rotating element. Variations mass reduction is done by varying the inner radius of the rim. For each variation, calculation is performed to obtain the amount of mass that can be reduced and the mass moment of inertia of the rotating object. It turned out that in the certain value of inner radius of the rim in particular, can compromise the values obtained from the above problem. Keywords: rotating element, reducing material, mass moment of inertia.

An Analysis of the Simplified Two-Mass System of the Connecting Rod in Spark Ignition Engines

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Study ◽  
Cylinder Liner ◽  
Moment Of Inertia ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Connecting Rod ◽  
Mass System ◽  
Rolling Moment ◽  
Mass Moment ◽  
Mass Moment Of Inertia

Replacing the connecting rod with a lumped two-mass system causes an error, which influences the inertia rolling moment, the thrust force between the piston and the cylinder liner, and the loading on the main bearings. Dimensionless relationships have been found that relate the inertia error due to the connecting rod simplification (the inertia error) to the errors of the forces and moments that are created by it. Additionally, the results of a statistical study of 19 SI connecting rods indicate that the mass moment of inertia of the two mass system is −2.65% to 22% higher than that the experimentally measured moment of inertia of the connecting rod, with an average error value of 9.65%.

scholarly journals Quantification of vibrissal mechanical properties across the rat mystacial pad

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 1879-1895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne En-Tzu Yang ◽  
Hayley M. Belli ◽  
Mitra J. Z. Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Distal Region ◽  
Density Variation ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Proximal Region ◽  
Moment Of Inertia ◽  
Radius Of Gyration ◽  
Mass Moment ◽  
Mass Moment Of Inertia

Recent work has quantified the geometric parameters of individual rat vibrissae (whiskers) and developed equations that describe how these parameters vary as a function of row and column position across the array. This characterization included a detailed quantification of whisker base diameter and arc length as well as the geometry of the whisker medulla. The present study now uses these equations for whisker geometry to quantify several properties of the whisker that govern its mechanical behavior. We first show that the average density of a whisker is lower in its proximal region than in its distal region. This density variation appears to be largely attributable to the presence of the whisker cuticle rather than the medulla. The density variation has very little effect on the center of mass of the whisker. We next show that the presence of the medulla decreases the deflection of the whisker under its own weight and also decreases its mass moment of inertia while sacrificing <1% stiffness at the whisker base compared with a solid whisker. Finally, we quantify two dimensionless parameters across the array. First, the deflection-to-length ratio decreases from caudal to rostral: caudal whiskers are longer but deflect more under their own weight. Second, the nondimensionalized radius of gyration is approximately constant across the array, which may simplify control of whisking by the intrinsic muscles. We anticipate that future work will exploit the mechanical properties computed in the present study to improve simulations of the mechanosensory signals associated with vibrissotactile exploratory behavior. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The mechanical signals transmitted by a whisker depend critically on its geometry. We used measurements of whisker geometry and mass to quantify the center of mass, mass moment of inertia, radius of gyration, and deflection under gravity of the whisker. We describe how variations in these quantities across the array could enhance sensing behaviors while reducing energy costs and simplifying whisking control. Most importantly, we provide derivations for these quantities for use in future simulation work.

Comparison of the Rotor Dynamic and Structure Dynamic Calculation of Compressors

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-429
Author(s):  
M. Hohlrieder ◽  
H. Irretier
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Elastic System ◽  
Elastic Model ◽  
Cyclic Symmetry ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Dynamic Calculation ◽  
Mass Moment ◽  
Mass Moment Of Inertia ◽  
Gyroscopic Effects ◽  
Rotor Dynamic

The paper presents the analysis of a compressor employing the method of cyclic symmetry incorporating gyroscopic effects and geometric nonlinearities of the whole elastic system based on the finite element method. Because of numerical difficulties, the solution of the resulting eigenvalue problem is limited to a small number of DOF’s. For this reason the calculation of the impeller as an elastic model is performed including the prestress and nonlinearities due to rotation. With the knowledge of these frequencies and the mass moment of inertia of the impeller, an equivalent system of rigid disk and speed dependent spring is included in the rotor dynamic model. Further, the gyroscopic effect, speed-dependent bearing coefficients, and the elastic effects due to the rotation of the impeller are included in the rotor dynamic model. For illustration purpose, calculation is performed on a fan rotor and the results are compared with those obtained from experiment.

A Dynamic Analysis Based on MBD ADAMS Program for a Variant of Quadruped Robot

2016 ◽  
Vol 823 ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florina Pop ◽  
Erwin Christian Lovasz ◽  
Valer Dolga ◽  
Marco Ceccarelli ◽  
Dan Mărgineanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Quadruped Robot ◽  
Moment Of Inertia ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Generalized Coordinates ◽  
Mass Moment ◽  
Adams Software ◽  
Mass Moment Of Inertia ◽  
Reaction Forces

For stability and impact reaction forces assessment of a quadruped robot during walking, a dynamic analysis is considered. For this purpose, a variant of a quadruped robot based on Jansen mechanism is presented. For interpreting the influence of the reaction forces from the ground during walking, the analysis was conducted with help of ADAMS software using a 3D model of the robot. Material specifications, forces and moments acting in the robot structure were considered. Graphical results obtained regarding the ground reaction forces are displayed. Also a reduced mass moment of inertia at the crankshaft is taken into consideration based on Lagrange motion equation and generalized coordinates.

INFLUENCES OF PHYSICAL PARAMETERS OF NEUTRON STARS ON THE IR POSITIONS ON THE P-Ṗ DIAGRAM

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (08) ◽  
pp. 1465-1471 ◽  
Author(s):  
OKTAY H. GUSEINOV ◽  
AŞKIN ANKAY ◽  
SEVINÇ O. TAGIEVA
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Stars ◽  
Moment Of Inertia ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Mass Moment ◽  
Mass Moment Of Inertia

Some physical parameters and properties of neutron stars like the mass, moment of inertia, rotation and absence of stability in the atmosphere affect the evolution of pulsars on the P-Ṗ diagram. We have examined such possible influences which can enlighten the differences between various types of isolated neutron stars.

Impact of Intake Induced Swirl on Combustion and Emissions on a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Barrientos ◽  
Ivan Bortel ◽  
Michal Takats ◽  
Jiri Vavra
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Common Rail ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Swirl Ratio ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Optimal Values

Engine induced swirl improves mixing of fuel and air and at optimal values accelerates burn, improves the combustion stability and can decrease particulate matter (PM). However, swirl increases convective heat loss and cylinder charge loss and could increase nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. High intensity of swirl could impede flame development and increases emissions of total hydrocarbons (THC) and carbon monoxide (CO). Therefore, careful and smart selection of optimal swirl values is paramount in order to obtain beneficial impact on combustion and emissions performance. This study is conducted on a 0.5L single cylinder research engine with common rail (CR) diesel injection system, with parameters corresponding to modern engines of passenger cars. The engine has three separate ports in the cylinder head. The change of swirl ratio is defined by closing appropriate ports. There are three levels of swirl ratio under study — 1.7, 2.9 and 4.5, corresponding to low, medium and high swirl levels respectively. This study highlights the influence of intake induced swirl on combustion parameters and emissions. Assessed combustion parameters are, among others, heat release rate, cylinder pressure rise and indicated mean effective pressure. Assessed emissions are standard gaseous emissions and smoke, with emphasis on PM emissions. An engine speed of 1500 rpm was selected, which well represents common driving conditions of this engine size. Various common rail pressures are used at ambient inlet manifold pressure (without boost pressure) and at 1 bar boosted pressure mode. It is found that when the swirl level is increased, the faster heat release during the premixed combustion and during early diffusion-controlled combustion causes a quick increase in both in-cylinder pressure and temperature, thus promoting the formation of NOx. However, since swirl enhances mixing and potentially produces a leaning effect, PM formation is reduced in general. However, maximum peak temperature is lower for high swirl ratio and boosted modes due to the increase of heat transfer into cylinder walls. Furthermore, it is necessary to find optimal values of common rail pressures and swirl ratio. Too much mixing allows increase on PM, THC and CO emissions without decrease on NOx emissions in general. Common rail injection system provides enough energy to achieve good mixing during all the injection time in the cases of supercharged modes and high common rail pressure modes. Positive influence of swirl ratio is found at lower boost pressures, lower revolution levels and at lower engine loads. The results obtained here help providing a better understanding on the swirl effects on diesel engine combustion and exhaust emissions over a range of engine operating conditions, with the ultimate goal of finding optimal values of swirl operation.

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