scholarly journals Business models and cost analysis of automated valet parking and shared autonomous vehicles assisted by internet of things

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702199444
Author(s):  
Junyan Chen ◽  
Haibo Chen ◽  
Jianbing Gao ◽  
Kaushali Dave ◽  
Romina Quaranta
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Car Sharing ◽  
Cost Share ◽  
Cost Structures ◽  
The Cost

With the rapid development of autonomous vehicles, it is necessary to explore new business opportunities, especially under the assistance of internet of things, which accelerate the penetration in vehicle markets. Automated valet parking and shared autonomous vehicles will be the most active cases promoted by autonomous driving. In this paper, the business models of automated valet parking and shared autonomous vehicles were proposed, further, the cost structures of autonomous vehicles under two cases were investigated from points of car users and owners. In the business models, autonomous driving packages, internet of things devices, and service provider companies are considered as new stakeholders. The cost structure of automated valet parking users changes greatly, with the development of autonomous driving packages whose cost share decreases from ~60% to ~5%. The total cost of automated valet parking users is much higher than conventional parking before 2024. Additionally, the use of shared vehicles relieves financial burden, without trouble of periodical maintenance. For station-based and free-floating car sharing, the price drop of autonomous driving package brings about huge benefits for companies. Peer-to-peer car sharing business effectively decreases financial burden of car owners such that the decrease is less than 20% starting from 2017.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Opportunities, Challenges and Key Strategic Implications Connected with the Utilization of the Internet of Things by Contemporary Business Organizations

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.13) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Wielki
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Final Part ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Main Motivation ◽  
Strategic Framework ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Internet Of Thing

The rapid development of the Internet of Things and its growing influence on functioning of business organizations and utilized by them business models was the main motivation of undertaking the research presented in the paper. In this context the most important areas of opportunities created with the development of this concept were determined. The main internal and external challenges of a technical and non-technical nature were also identified. The major finding of the paper is suggested in its final part a strategic framework connected with the implementation of the concept of the Internet of Thing in business organizations.  

Creating a Research Laboratory on Big Data and Internet of Things for the Study and Development of Digital Transformation

2019 ◽  
pp. 339-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vardan Mkrttchian ◽  
Leyla Gamidullaeva ◽  
Svetlana Panasenko ◽  
Arman Sargsyan
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Research Laboratory ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Technology Platform ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Internet Of Things

This chapter discusses the problems associated with the design of the business model in the new context of big data and the internet of things to create a research laboratory for studying and improving digital transformations. The development of business prospects for IOT is due to two main trends: 1) the change of focus from IOT viewing primarily as a technology platform for viewing it as a business ecosystem and 2) the transition from focusing on the business model in general to the development of business models of ecosystems. In the chapter, the business model of the ecosystem is considered as a model consisting of signs fixed in ecosystems and focuses on creating the cost of the laboratory and fixing the value of the ecosystem in which the created laboratory operates.

The Influence of Autonomous Vehicles on Insurers and Ride-Hailing Services

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Alfonzo
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Risk Sharing ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Complete Automation ◽  
Car Insurance

Autonomous vehicles have captured the public’s imagination for what they could do to change the way people move from one place to another. Relative newcomers to the auto industry, such as Tesla, Alphabet, and Uber, have been developing software seeking to power fully autonomous vehicles. The implication is that there would be no need for a driver. Driverless vehicles pose a number of issues and opportunities for transportation companies and their affiliate industries such as car insurance companies. Traditional automakers such as Ford and BMW are partnering with both other automakers and technology companies in order to engage synergies and achieve complete automation before their competitors. With this competition underway, there are sectors in the economy whose current business models would be disrupted by autonomous vehicles. One of these is the car insurance industry, which depends on sharing risk with policy holders. This paper delves into the topic of how insurance companies would be affected by a change in this risk-sharing relationship with policy holders. Furthermore, this paper also examines the current status of the ride-hailing industry and how the main service providers are aiming to benefit from autonomous driving technology.

scholarly journals PACKAGE PLANNING OF AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE CONCEPTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 2369-2378
Author(s):  
Adrian König ◽  
Daniel Telschow ◽  
Lorenzo Nicoletti ◽  
Markus Lienkamp
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Business Models ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Vehicle Concept ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
New Business ◽  
New Business Models ◽  
A Current

AbstractAutonomous driving will not just change vehicles themselves, but also the entire concept of mobility. New business models and the expansion of individual mobility to new groups of society are merely examples of possible impact. In order to create optimal vehicles for new technologies right from the start, vehicle concept optimization helps to find suitable solutions from numerous possible variations. The package as part of a vehicle concept is currently focused on passenger cars with steering wheels and pedals. Therefore, a new method is needed to plan the package of driverless and autonomous vehicles. In this paper, we present a possible method that separates the vehicle into the interior and the front and rear wagon. This way, different seating layouts can be considered and evaluated in terms of package efficiency. In the results, we check the plausibility by rebuilding a current battery electric vehicle (BEV) and, by way of example, show the variation of the gear angle and different seating layouts, and the resulting package efficiency.

scholarly journals Modelos de Negócios Aplicados a Compartilhamento de Veículos Elétricos

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Mesquita Lima ◽  
Vladia Celia Monteiro Pinheiro ◽  
José Dickson Araújo De Oliveira ◽  
Carlos De Oliveira Caminha Neto ◽  
André Soares Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Car Sharing ◽  
Electric Car ◽  
Characterization Model ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
The Cost

It is very important that we may propose solution that allow us to diminish the consumption of gas and oil to run our light vehicle fleet. In this sense, a good alternative to the oil-dependent vehicles are the electric vehicles, although, consumers are resistant in adopting the electric car. A solution that was identified is electric car sharing. Considering the importance of promoting and diffusion of electric car-sharing, this paper aims to present the characterization of such business models implemented around the world, by using secondary-data analysis from each observed case, employing an adapted version of Weiller and Neely (2013) characterization model. The current research is a descriptive and qualitative based multiple-case study. The population is of 20 electric-car sharing models, located in 14 different countries. It was observed that the cost reduction of batteries accompanies the reduction of electric-car ownership cost. Moreover, the characterized business models did not make it any easier for technological innovation. It was also noted that predominantly, the risks and costs of electricity are borne by the service providers (taxed); that models encourage change in customer behavior; and that the models are not advantageous for long distances, given the low autonomy of the vehicles and restrictions of reach of the companies. Results corroborate Bohnsack, Pinkse and Kolk (2014), as it observes services-oriented business models. However, regarding the fear of limited vehicle autonomy, reported by Egbue and Long (2012) and Lim, Mak and Rong (2014), business models are not being elaborated and executed in the sense of solving it, which can be indicated as a discouraging factor to use of shared vehicles.

scholarly journals Lane-Level Road Network Generation Techniques for Lane-Level Maps of Autonomous Vehicles: A Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 4511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Zheng ◽  
Bijun Li ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
Huashan Song ◽  
Zhi Lu
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Network Data ◽  
Network Generation ◽  
Fundamental Part ◽  
Road Geometry

Autonomous driving is experiencing rapid development. A lane-level map is essential for autonomous driving, and a lane-level road network is a fundamental part of a lane-level map. A large amount of research has been performed on lane-level road network generation based on various on-board systems. However, there is a lack of analysis and summaries with regards to previous work. This paper presents an overview of lane-level road network generation techniques for the lane-level maps of autonomous vehicles with on-board systems, including the representation and generation of lane-level road networks. First, sensors for lane-level road network data collection are discussed. Then, an overview of the lane-level road geometry extraction methods and mathematical modeling of a lane-level road network is presented. The methodologies, advantages, limitations, and summaries of the two parts are analyzed individually. Next, the classic logic formats of a lane-level road network are discussed. Finally, the survey summarizes the results of the review.

scholarly journals A business model and cost analysis of automated platoon vehicles assisted by the Internet of things

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440702094972
Author(s):  
Junyan Chen ◽  
Haibo Chen ◽  
Jianbing Gao ◽  
Jo-Ann Pattinson ◽  
Romina Quaranta
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Traffic Efficiency ◽  
Business Model Canvas ◽  
Leaders And Followers

Platoon services are being driven by the development of Internet of things, prompting changes in existing businesses and the generation of new businesses. In this paper, a business model and business model canvas related to platoon services are proposed, and the cost analysis of heavy freight transport platoon services from the perspective of platoon leaders and followers is conducted. In addition, the fuel consumption saving brought about by platoon services in freight transport of 28 European Union countries is estimated. The results indicate that the providers of the autonomous driving package, Internet of things devices and the platoon service platform are new stakeholders in the business model. The business model canvas shows the value propositions of platoon services, such as increased traffic efficiency, decreased energy consumption, and the opportunity of involvement in other activities. In addition, the analysis of cost structures for platoon leaders and followers shows that the autonomous driving package has the highest percentage of cost in the first year of a vehicle’s lifespan and decreases rapidly in the years that follow. The platoon services ease the financial burden of the leaders due to decreased fuel consumption and income from the leading service, with the highest value up to 4.7%. As for the fuel consumption reductions benefited from platoon services, Germany may have the largest potential of national annual fuel saving, followed by France, Spain and the United Kingdom, while the countries that may benefit the most from fuel savings in international freight transport are Poland and Spain.

scholarly journals MMW Radar-Based Technologies in Autonomous Driving: A Review

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 7283
Author(s):  
Taohua Zhou ◽  
Mengmeng Yang ◽  
Kun Jiang ◽  
Henry Wong ◽  
Diange Yang
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Intelligent Vehicles ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Driving Assistance ◽  
High Level

With the rapid development of automated vehicles (AVs), more and more demands are proposed towards environmental perception. Among the commonly used sensors, MMW radar plays an important role due to its low cost, adaptability In different weather, and motion detection capability. Radar can provide different data types to satisfy requirements for various levels of autonomous driving. The objective of this study is to present an overview of the state-of-the-art radar-based technologies applied In AVs. Although several published research papers focus on MMW Radars for intelligent vehicles, no general survey on deep learning applied In radar data for autonomous vehicles exists. Therefore, we try to provide related survey In this paper. First, we introduce models and representations from millimeter-wave (MMW) radar data. Secondly, we present radar-based applications used on AVs. For low-level automated driving, radar data have been widely used In advanced driving-assistance systems (ADAS). For high-level automated driving, radar data is used In object detection, object tracking, motion prediction, and self-localization. Finally, we discuss the remaining challenges and future development direction of related studies.

An old friend is better than two new ones? Approaches to market research in the context of digital transformation for the antitrust laws enforcement

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Shastitko ◽  
O. A. Markova
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Market Definition ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Type Ii Errors

Digital transformation has led to changes in business models of traditional players in the existing markets. What is more, new entrants and new markets appeared, in particular platforms and multisided markets. The emergence and rapid development of platforms are caused primarily by the existence of so called indirect network externalities. Regarding to this, a question arises of whether the existing instruments of competition law enforcement and market analysis are still relevant when analyzing markets with digital platforms? This paper aims at discussing advantages and disadvantages of using various tools to define markets with platforms. In particular, we define the features of the SSNIP test when being applyed to markets with platforms. Furthermore, we analyze adjustment in tests for platform market definition in terms of possible type I and type II errors. All in all, it turns out that to reduce the likelihood of type I and type II errors while applying market definition technique to markets with platforms one should consider the type of platform analyzed: transaction platforms without pass-through and non-transaction matching platforms should be tackled as players in a multisided market, whereas non-transaction platforms should be analyzed as players in several interrelated markets. However, if the platform is allowed to adjust prices, there emerges additional challenge that the regulator and companies may manipulate the results of SSNIP test by applying different models of competition.

The Unusual Cruelty of Nursing Homes Behind Bars

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 264-271
Author(s):  
Rachel E. López
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Human Dignity ◽  
Prison Population ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Trained Staff ◽  
State Prisons ◽  
The Cost

The elderly prison population continues to rise along with higher rates of dementia behind bars. To maintain the detention of this elderly population, federal and state prisons are creating long-term care units, which in turn carry a heavy financial burden. Prisons are thus gearing up to become nursing homes, but without the proper trained staff and adequate financial support. The costs both to taxpayers and to human dignity are only now becoming clear. This article squarely addresses the second dimension of this carceral practice, that is the cost to human dignity. Namely, it sets out why indefinitely incarcerating someone with dementia or other neurocognitive disorders violates the Eighth Amendment of the United States Constitution’s prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment. This conclusion derives from the confluence of two lines of U.S. Supreme Court precedent. First, in Madison v. Alabama, the Court recently held that executing someone (in Madison’s case someone with dementia) who cannot rationally understand their sentence amounts to cruel and unusual punishment. Second, in line with Miller v. Alabama, which puts life without parole (LWOP) sentences in the same class as death sentences due to their irrevocability, this holding should be extended to LWOP sentences. Put another way, this article explains why being condemned to life is equivalent to death for someone whose neurodegenerative disease is so severe that they cannot rationally understand their punishment.

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