scholarly journals The impact of rail industry restructuring on incentives to adopt innovation: A case study of Britain

2018 ◽  
Vol 234 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Nash ◽  
Bryan Matthews ◽  
Andrew Smith
Keyword(s):  
Revenue Sharing ◽  
Government Leadership ◽  
Rail Industry ◽  
British Experience ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Access Charges ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dominant Operator

This paper examines whether there are features of the structure and regulation of the British rail industry which fail to provide adequate incentives for innovation and how to overcome those found. British experience is of wider interest because Britain has gone further than any other European country to try to provide appropriate incentives through sophisticated track access charges and performance regimes and through cost- and revenue-sharing arrangements. The methodology adopted in this study started with a literature review but then followed this up with a round of interviews in Britain and a more limited round of interviews in Germany and Sweden plus reports prepared by partners on Sweden, France and Slovenia. The two main issues identified are fragmentation of the rail system, so that the organisation bearing the costs of the innovation may not receive the benefits, and short time horizons produced by franchising and regulatory arrangements. A variety of solutions have been tried in different European countries, including the holding company model, government leadership and alliances or other cost- and revenue-sharing arrangements, but all have disadvantages as well as advantages, and the best approach to take depends on circumstances such as whether there is, or could be, a single dominant operator on the network concerned.

scholarly journals How Do Political Features Influence the Co-Production of Government Projects? A Case Study of a Medium-Sized Chinese City

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7600
Author(s):  
Wenting Ma ◽  
Rui Mu ◽  
Martin de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measurement ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Chinese City ◽  
Production Stages ◽  
Political Background ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Western Experience ◽  
The Impact

Co-production is a solution by which the government provides public services. Co-production theory is built upon Western experience and currently focuses on the types of co-production in different policy stages, the barriers and governance strategies for co-production. However, little attention is paid to how political background will influence the co-production process. To fill the gap, we analyzed a case of co-production that occurred in China, and we characterized the political background as consisting of three main political features: political mobility, central–local relations, and performance measurement. Based on an in-depth case study of a government project in a medium-sized Chinese city, the impact and the changes of political features affecting governmental projects in different co-production stages are analyzed and assessed. We find that political features play a critical role in the co-production of China’s large government projects and may separately and jointly affect co-production. Government performance measurement affects the co-design and co-implementation of projects. Political mobility and changes in local government and performance measurement also affect the co-implementation continuity of the project. Political focus affects the co-design of projects. Central-local relations influence the support from higher government and the actual practices of lower government in the co-implementation stage.

Impact of Organizational Trauma on Workplace Behavior and Performance

2017 ◽  
pp. 869-893
Author(s):  
Ben Tran
Keyword(s):  
Community College ◽  
Workplace Bullying ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Workplace Behavior ◽  
Research Reporting ◽  
Community College District ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Organizational Trauma ◽  
The Impact

Research suggests, according to Branch, Ramsay, and Barker (2013), that a significant number of people are exposed to persistent abusive treatment within the workplace, with the majority of studies within Europe indicating that between 10% and 15% of the workforce are exposed to workplace bullying (Zapf, Escartin, Einarsen, Hoel, & Vartia, 2011), with North American research reporting similar prevalence rates. This is a significant, ongoing dilemma for researchers and practitioners, for which an agreed resolution would be useful because of legal and policy implications. Hence, the purpose of this chapter is on the impact of organizational trauma on workplace behavior and performance based on workplace bullying. The chapter is based on a case study regarding a program that is funded by the Department of Education within a community college in the State of California. The community college is one of four community colleges under the same community college district.

Preliminary Design and Performance of Counter Rotating Turbines for Open Rotors: Part II — 0-D Methodology and Case Study for a 160 PAX Aircraft

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Bellocq ◽  
Inaki Garmendia ◽  
Jordane Legrand ◽  
Vishal Sethi
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Design Space Exploration ◽  
Design Space ◽  
Space Exploration ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Regulatory Constraints ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Direct Drive Open Rotors (DDORs) have the potential to significantly reduce fuel consumption and emissions relative to conventional turbofans. However, this engine architecture presents many design and operational challenges both at engine and aircraft level. At preliminary design stages, a broad design space exploration is required to identify potential optimum design regions and to understand the main trade offs of this novel engine architecture. These assessments may also aid the development process when compromises need to be performed as a consequence of design, operational or regulatory constraints. Design space exploration assessments are done with 0-D or 1-D models for computational purposes. These simplified 0-D and 1-D models have to capture the impact of the independent variation of the main design and control variables of the engine. Historically, it appears that for preliminary design studies of DDORs, Counter Rotating Turbines (CRTs) have been modelled as conventional turbines and therefore it was not possible to assess the impact of the variation of the number of stages (Nb) of the CRT and rotational speed of the propellers. Additionally, no preliminary design methodology for CRTs was found in the public domain. Part I of this two-part publication proposes a 1-D preliminary design methodology for DDOR CRTs which allows an independent definition of both parts of the CRT. A method for calculating the off-design performance of a known CRT design is also described. In Part II, a 0-D design point efficiency calculation for CRTs is proposed and verified with the 1-D methods. The 1-D and 0-D CRT models were used in an engine control and design space exploration case study of a DDOR with a 4.26m diameter an 10% clipped propeller for a 160 PAX aircraft. For this application: • the design and performance of a 20 stage CRT rotating at 860 rpm (both drums) obtained with the 1-D methods is presented. • differently from geared open rotors, negligible cruise fuel savings can be achieved by an advanced propeller control. • for rotational speeds between 750 and 880 rpm (relatively low speeds for reduced noise), 22 and 20 stages CRTs are required. • engine weight can be kept constant for different design rotational speeds by using the minimum required Nb. • for any target engine weight, TOC and cruise SFC are reduced by reducing the rotational speeds and increasing Nb (also favourable for reducing CRP noise). However additional CRT stages increase engine drag, mechanical complexity and cost.

NAO Robots Collaboration for Object Manipulation

2013 ◽  
Vol 332 ◽  
pp. 218-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Ninett Panfir ◽  
Răzvan Boboc ◽  
Gheorghe Leonte Mogan
Keyword(s):  
Object Manipulation ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
New Method ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Manufacturing Environment ◽  
Complex Operation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Specific Scenario

This paper proposes a new method of collaboration within a team of twoindividual NAO robots that should execute together a complex operation. The Naorobots are developed so as not only to act individually, but also to cooperatewith other robots if they cannot accomplish the operation alone. This paperpresents a case study demonstrating the integration of the humanoid roboticsplatform Nao within a cooperation application. This specific scenario ofinterest takes place in a small simulated manufacturing environment; while thetask being the storage of a big object, with different shape and weight. Thisscenario is used to observe the impact and performance that this particularteam of humanoid robots has in an industrial environment.Finally we present the successful implementation of robot – robot cooperationcapabilities inspired by human behaviour.

scholarly journals Visualizing Student Behavior and Performance in an Online Course

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Parker
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Student Behavior ◽  
Online Course ◽  
Course Structure ◽  
Course Material ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Online learning has been an area of tremendous growth in recent years [1], further accelerated by necessity during the coronavirus pandemic [2]. Without the feedback provided by synchronous sessions, however, instructors may lack ongoing insight into students’ progress and performance in fully asynchronous online offerings. Providing greater visibility into students’ online learning behavior has several potential benefits: 1) teachers who seek to provide live sessions that depend on knowledge from asynchronous resources will have a better gauge of students’ preparation; 2) enhanced understanding of the relationship between student pacing and performance can help teachers and researchers characterize the impact of timely engagement with online course material; 3) providing a means of monitoring the effect of changes in course structure or incentives may guide course designers/planners in continuous improvement; and 4) visualizations that illustrate the relationship between students’ course progress and performance have the promise of allowing teachers to take steps early to positively affect students’ outcomes. In this visual case study, visualizations are provided for exploration of the relationship between student progress and performance in an online medicine-related course.

scholarly journals A Novel Performance Framework and Methodology to Analyze the Impact of 4D Trajectory Based Operations in the Future Air Traffic Management System

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Ruiz ◽  
Javier Lopez Leones ◽  
Andrea Ranieri
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
Air Traffic Management ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Performance Framework ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
The Future ◽  
Traffic Management System ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

The introduction of new Air Traffic Management (ATM) concepts such as Trajectory Based Operations (TBO) may produce a significant impact in all performance areas, that is, safety, capacity, flight efficiency, and others. The performance framework in use today has been tailored to the operational needs of the current ATM system and must evolve to fulfill the new needs and challenges brought by the TBO content. This paper presents a novel performance assessment framework and methodology adapted to the TBO concept. This framework can assess the key performance areas (KPAs) of safety, capacity, and flight efficiency; equity and fairness are also considered in this research, in line with recent ATM trends. A case study is presented to show the applicability of the framework and to illustrate how some of the complex interdependencies among KPAs can be captured with the proposed approach. This case study explores the TBO concept of “strategic 4D trajectory deconfliction,” where the early separation tasks of 4D trajectories at multisector level are assessed. The framework presented in this paper could potentially support the target-setting and performance requirements identification that should be fulfilled in the future ATM system to ensure determined levels of performance.

Impact of Leadership Style on Organizational Performance: A Case Study of Nigerian Banks

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 202 ◽  
Author(s):  
R M Ojokuku ◽  
T A Odetayo ◽  
A S Sajuyigbe
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Democratic Leadership ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The study examined the impact of leadership style on organizational performance in selected Banks, in Ibadan Nigeria. Purposive sampling technique was adopted in selecting a total of sixty (60) respondents as sample for the study, while relevant data was gathered with the aid of a structured questionnaire. One hypothesis was formulated and inferential statistical tool was used to analyze the data specifically Pearson product moment correlation was used to examine the relationship between leadership style dimensions and organizational performance, while Regression analysis was used to examine the significant effect of leadership style dimensions on followers and performance. Findings showed positive and negative correlation between leadership style dimensions and organizational performance. It was also found that leadership style dimensions jointly predict organizational performance, which counted for 23% variance of performance. The study concluded that transformational and democratic leadership style should be employed by the Banks’ management in order to wax stronger in a global competitive environment.

scholarly journals Performance Impact of Optimization Methods on MySQL Document-Based and Relational Databases

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6794
Author(s):  
Cornelia A. Győrödi ◽  
Diana V. Dumşe-Burescu ◽  
Robert Ş. Győrödi ◽  
Doina R. Zmaranda ◽  
Livia Bandici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Relational Databases ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Performance Impact ◽  
Database Structure ◽  
Database Technology ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Databases are an important part of today’s applications where large amounts of data need to be stored, processed, and accessed quickly. One of the important criteria when choosing to use a database technology is its data processing performance. In this paper, some methods for optimizing the database structure and queries were applied on two popular open-source database management systems: MySQL as a relational DBMS, and document-based MySQL as a non-relational DBMS. The main objective of this paper was to conduct a comparative analysis of the impact that the proposed optimization methods have on each specific DBMS when carrying out CRUD (CREATE, READ, UPDATE, DELETE) requests. To perform the analysis and performance evaluation of CRUD operations for different amounts of data, a case study testing architecture based on Java was developed and used to show how the databases’ proposed optimization methods can influence the performance of the application, and to highlight the differences in response time and complexity. The results obtained show the degree to which the proposed optimization methods contributed to the application’s performance improvement in the case of both databases; based on these, a detailed analysis and several conclusions are presented to support a decision for choosing a specific approach.

Preliminary Design and Performance of Counter Rotating Turbines for Open Rotors: Part I — 1-D Methodology

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Bellocq ◽  
Inaki Garmendia ◽  
Jordane Legrand ◽  
Vishal Sethi
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Design Space Exploration ◽  
Design Space ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Power Extraction ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Direct Drive Open Rotors (DDORs) have the potential to significantly reduce fuel consumption and emissions relative to conventional turbofans. However, this engine architecture presents many design and operational challenges both at engine and aircraft level. At preliminary design stages, a broad design space exploration is required to identify potential optimum design regions and to understand the main trade offs of this novel engine architecture. These assessments may also aid the development process when compromises need to be performed as a consequence of design, operational or regulatory constraints. Design space exploration assessments are done with 0-D or 1-D models for computational purposes. These simplified 0-D and 1-D models have to capture the impact of the independent variation of the main design and control variables of the engine. Historically, it appears that for preliminary design studies of DDORS, Counter Rotating Turbines (CRTs) have been modeled as conventional turbines and therefore it was not possible to assess the impact of the variation of the number of stages (Nb) and rotational speed of the propellers. Additionally, no preliminary design methodology for CRTs was found in the public domain. Part I of this two-part publication proposes a 1-D preliminary design methodology for DDOR CRTs. It allows an independent definition of the Nb, rotational speeds of both parts of the CRT, inlet flow conditions, inlet and outlet annulus geometry as well as power extraction. It includes criteria and procedures to calculate: power extraction in each stage, gas path geometry, blade metal angles, flow conditions at each turbine plane and overall CRT efficiency. The feasible torque ratios of a CRT are discussed in this paper. A form factor for the CRT velocity triangles is defined (similar to stage reaction on conventional turbines) and its impact on performance and blade design is discussed. A method for calculating the off-design performance of a CRT is also described in Part I. In Part II, a 0-D design point (DP) efficiency calculation for CRTs is proposed as well as a case study of a DDOR for a 160 PAX aircraft. In the case study, three main aspects are investigated: A) the design and performance of a 20 stage CRT for the DDOR application; B) the impact of the control of the propellers on cruise specific fuel consumption, C) the impact of the design rotational speeds and Nb of the CRT on its DP efficiency, engine fuel consumption and engine weight.

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