Efficient onboard image motion compensation for orbital inclination and eccentricity of geostationary weather satellites

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (7) ◽  
pp. 1311-1325
Author(s):  
MP Ramachandran ◽  
MK Agarwal ◽  
DA Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Motion Compensation ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Image Motion ◽  
Wind Vector ◽  
Orbital Inclination ◽  
Scanning Mirror ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Detail Image ◽  
Geographical Locations

Image registration is important in geostationary weather satellites. Achieving consistent registration of the images with respect to the geographical locations on the Earth is here of interest. The consistency in the registration between the images is affected whenever the orbital inclination and eccentricity are not zero. The imaging payload has a two-axis scanning mirror to capture the Earth image. The above orbital effects together with scan mirror pointing direction are the factors that cause the misregistration. This paper presents an onboard algorithm that provides the scan compensation angles due to the above factors and achieves consistent registration. The compensation varies every second, which is the time taken for each scan. Hence it is preferred to have computations onboard than to have ground based bulk uplinks for the scan compensation. The paper presents an algorithm that is useful, say, when (i) the onboard computing capabilities are limited, (ii) the navigation accuracies are coarse and (iii) the image resampling is not preferred on the ground and the payload data are directly used for weather applications. The paper also discusses the tests that were carried on the onboard software in order to validate its performance in achieving the consistent registration before launch. This is done by using another independent software tool which is also described in detail. Image motion algorithm was invoked for a couple of days in INSAT 3DR. The atmospheric wind vector deduced directly from the satellite images is given at the end.

Geographical aspects of the diffusion of passive houses

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kozma ◽  
E. Molnár ◽  
K. Czimre ◽  
J. Pénzes
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Passive House ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Passive Houses ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Geographical Locations ◽  
Over Time

Abstract In our days, energy issues belong to the most important problems facing the Earth and the solution may be expected partly from decreasing the amount of the energy used and partly from the increased utilisation of renewable energy resources. A substantial part of energy consumption is related to buildings and includes, inter alia, the use for cooling/heating, lighting and cooking purposes. In the view of the above, special attention has been paid to minimising the energy consumption of buildings since the late 1980s. Within the framework of that, the passive house was created, a building in which the thermal comfort can be achieved solely by postheating or postcooling of the fresh air mass without a need for recirculated air. The aim of the paper is to study the changes in the construction of passive houses over time. In addition, the differences between the geographical locations and the observable peculiarities with regard to the individual building types are also presented.

The research study in the convergence of the results of processing radar images Sentinel-1A with field observations of agricultural sites

2019 ◽  
Vol 950 (8) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
D.V. Mozer ◽  
Е.L. Levin ◽  
A.K. Satbergenova
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Remote Sensing ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Research Study ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Radar Images ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Radar Satellite ◽  
Modern Technologies

The manuscript discusses how to monitor the condition of seedlings on agricultural fields planted with winter wheat, fodder maize and areas of fir forest located in the Freudenstadt district of Baden-Wuerttemberg in Germany. To solve the range of agricultural problems , they often use modern technologies such as satellite remote sensing of the Earth. The paper displays the monitoring results of the Sentinel-1A radar satellites scenes, as well as visual spectrum imagery of field observations are presented when leaving directly to terrain segments. The processing deployed data chain, consisting of 11 Sentinel-1A scenes acquired in the timefrane from March to November 2018. Specifically, the SNAP Sentinel Toolboxes software was used to process the radar satellite images Sentinel-1А, the. Based on the the research outcomes the Committee of Agriculture of the Freudenstadt district is able to predict the yield amount with high accuracy due to good data convergence. According to the study, the following three important problems can be resolved by means of Sentinel-1A imagery

scholarly journals Using satellite images in teaching geography at school

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Images ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Atmospheric Fronts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Memory Representations ◽  
Control Knowledge

Satellite images occupy a signifi cant place in the Earth Sciences. This fully applies to geography. Images of the Earth from space are used in various activities: to assess crops, to establish the boundaries of a phenomenon, to determine the degree of contamination of land or ocean surfaces, to search for minerals, and so on. But in school geography, satellite images are used very rarely - for example, to prove the sphericity of the Earth or to show the view of each continent from space. The purpose of this article is to highlight the methods of using satellite images in geography lessons at school and to create tasks based on these means of training. Main material. The history of using satellite images in school geography has been considered in the article. Advantages and disadvantages of satellite images as training tools are also noted. The role of satellite images in the formation of geographical representations is highlighted by the authors. These images realistically depict many natural phenomena (atmospheric fronts, cyclones, dust storms, etc.). Therefore, as a means of visualization, they contribute to the formation of memory representations in schoolchildren. Examples of a number of satellite images show how they can be used in teaching geography. The article off ers a methodical way of the use of satellite images at diff erent stages of learning. These images can be used to explain the training material, repeat it, control knowledge, and so on. Satellite images can be used to solve cartographic tasks. As practice has shown, we can perform creative tasks based on images. Conclusions. Satellite images play an important role in the system of teaching geography. The use of satellite images allows us to improve the pupils’ interest in the subject. Satellite images form geographical memory representations create a visual image of the natural appearance of the Earth. The study of educational opportunities of the Earth’s images from space has revealed three groups of requirements: pedagogical, technical and specific, determined by the content of school geography. The teacher should select satellite images based on the content of educational tasks of school geography.

Image Motion Compensation of Space Camera with Large Field of View Using Earth Ellipsoid

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 0528001
Author(s):  
武星星 Wu Xingxing ◽  
刘金国 Liu Jinguo ◽  
周怀得 Zhou Huaide
Keyword(s):  
Motion Compensation ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Image Motion ◽  
Large Field

Linear auto disturbance rejection control of forward image motion compensation in aerial cameras

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 812-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
黄浦 HUANG Pu ◽  
葛文奇 GE Wen-qi ◽  
李友一 LI You-yi ◽  
李军 LI Jun ◽  
修吉宏 XIU Ji-hong
Keyword(s):  
Motion Compensation ◽  
Disturbance Rejection ◽  
Image Motion ◽  
Disturbance Rejection Control

scholarly journals Long Integral Time Continuous Panorama Scanning Imaging Based on Bilateral Control with Image Motion Compensation

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 1924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dapeng Tian ◽  
Yutang Wang ◽  
Zhongshi Wang ◽  
Fuchao Wang ◽  
Huijun Gao
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Motion Compensation ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Compensation Method ◽  
Image Motion ◽  
Bilateral Control ◽  
Image Rotation ◽  
Image Translation ◽  
Scanning Imaging

Urban remote sensing with moving carriers enables comprehensive monitoring of an urban area. High spatial resolution and wide covering are always required to improve the performance and efficiency of remote sensing. Continuous scanning imaging is a feasible solution. However, imaging motion degrades the performance of a remote sensing system. Rotating motion leads to the loss of key urban morphology information of a panorama imaging. Image translation results in blurry images. For high spatial resolution and high efficiency imaging with low illumination condition, such as imaging at dusk, long-focus lens and long integral time must be further utilized, which makes the problem more severe. In this paper, a novel image motion compensation method is proposed to compensate for image rotation and image translation simultaneously. A quantitative description of image motion, including both image rotation and image translation, is first developed based on the principle of geometrical optics and then analyzed in detail through numerical simulations. Furthermore, a comprehensive image rotation compensation method is developed based on four-channel bilateral control with sliding mode controller, at the same time image translation compensation is performed according to the quantitative relationship of the motion of the scan mirror and image translation compensator. The experimental results show that the proposed method provides effective compensation for image rotation and image translation. This enables acquisition of high spatial resolution urban panoramic images.

scholarly journals The motion of a geosynchronous satellite

1986 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 293-295
Author(s):  
K. B. Bhatnagar
Keyword(s):  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Radiation Pressure ◽  
Angular Position ◽  
Orbital Plane ◽  
Solar Radiation Pressure ◽  
Orbital Inclination ◽  
Geosynchronous Satellite ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Earth’S Equatorial Ellipticity

The motion of a geosynchronous satellite has been studied under the combined gravitational effects of the oblate Earth (including its equatorial ellipticity), the Sun, the Moon and the solar-radiation pressure. It is observed that the orbital plane rotates with an angular velocity the maximum value of which is 0.058°/yr. and regresses with a period which increases both as the orbital inclination and the altitude increase. The effect of earth's equatorial ellipticity on the regression period is oscillatory whereas that of Solar-radiation pressure is to decrease it.The synchronism is achieved when the angular velocity of the satellite is equal to the difference between the spin-rate of the Earth and the regression rate of the orbital plane. With this angular velocity of the satellite, the ground trace is in the shape of figure eight, though its size and position relative to the Earth change as the time elapses. The major effect of earth's equatorial ellipticity is to produce a change in the relative angular position of the satellite as seen from the Earth. If the satellite is allowed to execute large angle oscillations the mid-point of oscillation would be at the position of the minor axis of the earth's equatorial section. The oscillatory period T has been determined in terms of the amplitude Γ and the tesseral harmonic J2(2). From this result we can determine the value of J2(2) as T and Γ can be observed accurately.

scholarly journals Line of Sight and Image Motion Compensation for Step and Stare Imaging System

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 7119
Author(s):  
Jihong Xiu ◽  
Pu Huang ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Hongwen Zhang ◽  
Youyi Li
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Motion Compensation ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Control Flow ◽  
Image Motion ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Pointing Accuracy ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
Pointing Control ◽  
And Control

In recent years, applications such as marine search and rescue, border patrol, etc. require electro-optical equipment to have both high resolution and precise geographic positioning abilities. The step and stare working based on a composite control system is a preferred solution. This paper proposed a step and stare system composed of two single-axis fast steering mirrors and a two-axis gimbal. The fast steering mirrors (FSMs) realize image motion compensation and the gimbal completes pointing control. The working principle and the working mode of the system are described first. According to the imaging optical path, the algorithm and control flow of the line of sight (LOS) and image motion compensation are developed. The proposed method is verified through ground imaging and flight tests. Under the condition of flight, the pointing accuracy of the target can be controlled within 15 m. The proposed algorithm can achieve effective motion compensation and get high-resolution images. This achieves high resolution and accurate LOS simultaneously.

Effects of Intermittent Noise on the Performance of a Complex Psychomotor Task

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. John Eschenbrenner
Keyword(s):  
White Noise ◽  
Motion Compensation ◽  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Image Motion ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Noise Performance ◽  
Intermittent Noise ◽  
Time Image

Manual image-motion compensation, a complex psychomotor task involved in certain photographic activities from orbit, was investigated as a function of the temporal pattern (aperiodic, periodic, or continuous) and intensity level (50, 70, or 90 db.) of white noise. Performance was measured in terms of the total amount of time image motion was held at or below a 40-microradians/second criterion for specific blocks of trials. The results of the investigation showed that white noise had a detrimental effect on image motion compensation performance, and that the magnitude of the decrement varied as a function of both the temporal pattern and intensity level of this noise.

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