Population-level impact of information sources on HIV testing uptake in South Africa: gender and age disparities

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 756-764
Author(s):  
Handan Wand ◽  
Tarylee Reddy
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Hiv Aids

In South Africa, mass media and interpersonal communication sources have been used extensively to increase awareness of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS. A sub-population of 10,565 black Africans who participated in the 2011–2012 household survey was analysed. Overall compared to men, a higher proportion of women had ever been tested for HIV (76% versus 60%). In age-specific analysis, men and women aged 25–49 years were more likely to be ever been tested compared to the youngest (<25 years) and the oldest age groups (50+ years). More than 80% of the study population was exposed to mass media tools, while exposure to interpersonal information sources was less common (16–72%). Among adolescents, 37% (men) and 41% (women) of the HIV tests were collectively associated with exposure to interpersonal programmes, while mass media tools had substantial contributions on HIV testing rates among the older individuals. Information sources to promote HIV/AIDS awareness should be tailored to reduce age–gender disparities.

scholarly journals Male’s Knowledge and Awareness about AIDS/STDs in Rajshahi District of Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 253-270
Author(s):  
Mosiur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Health Programs ◽  
Great Role ◽  
Sources Of Knowledge ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Significant Factors ◽  
Hiv Aids

As there is no cure to get rid of the unbearable sufferings from these diseases, prevention is the only solution to get rid of HIV/AIDS and STDs. Raising awareness among men about the long run effects of these diseases is one of the prime objectives of reproductive health programs currently executing in the world. Our study pays attention to get an idea of men's perception about these types of reproductive health problems. Findings reveal that about 87 percent men aware about HIV/AIDS and comparatively women were found same aware of AIDS. Only 54.8 percent men are found aware STIs, and more than 45 percent of the respondents have no knowledge of STIs. This indicates men's careless ness about these diseases. Mass media plays a great role in growing awareness about HIV/AIDS. Electronic, print media and interpersonal communication were the main sources of knowledge. About 30 and 40 percent men and women heard of AIDS from two sources respectively. It was found that majority of the male said uncontrolled sexual relation is the major reason of spreading AIDS. Although men's communication with their spouses can help in preventing AIDS but a large portion respondent don't talk to their spouses about preventing AIDS. Findings also elucidate that education, residence, religion, occupation, and mass media facility are the significant factors to influence AIDS knowledge among men.Key words: HIV/AIDS, STDs, Logistic Regression Analysis, BangladeshDOI = 10.3126/dsaj.v2i0.1367Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.2 pp.253-270

scholarly journals Parents Support Implementation of HIV Testing and Counseling at School: Cross-Sectional Study with Parents of Adolescent Attending High School in Gauteng and North West Provinces, South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Sphiwe Madiba ◽  
Mathildah Mokgatle
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
High School ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North West ◽  
Hiv Testing And Counseling ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Testing And Counseling

Background. A formative assessment of the implementation of HIV testing and counseling (HTC) at school showed high acceptability and willingness to test among learners. However, the success of the proposed HTC depends on the support and acceptability of key stakeholders, including the parents. The aim of the study was to assess the opinions and acceptability of the implementation of HTC at school among parents of adolescents in high school.Methods. This was a cross-sectional household survey conducted with parents of adolescents attending high schools in educational districts in North West and Gauteng provinces, South Africa.Results. A total of 804 parents participated, and 548 (68.3%) were biological mothers, 85 (10.6%) were fathers, and the remaining were other relatives including grandmothers. Almost all (n=742, 92.9%) parents were in support of implementation and provision of HTC at school, 701 (87.7%) would allow their children to be tested at school, 365 (46%) felt that parental consent was not needed to test at school, and 39.4% preferred to receive the HIV test results with their children.Conclusion. Parents accept the roll-out of an HTC program at school and have a role to play in supporting children who test positive for HIV.

scholarly journals PERILAKU KOMUNIKASI IBU RUMAH TANGGA DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENGETAHUAN KETAHANAN PANGAN: STUDI PADA RUMAH TANGGA NELAYAN DI KOTA BENGKULU

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-183
Author(s):  
M. Zulkarnain Yuliarso
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Communication Behavior ◽  
Information Searching ◽  
Interactive Communication ◽  
Small Talk ◽  
Private Doctor

This research aimed at  identifying the communication behavior of the household wife toward food security’s knowledge.  This communication behaviour includes information searching and transmissionboth its frequency and quality (communication level),gathered from mass media and interpersonal communication.  This study was survey research with 30 people was selected using simple random sampling.  Data analyzed using descriptive qualitative analysis based on frequency tabulation.  Diversification, stabilitation, and food intake  information are  favourable towardsand much communicated by respondents. Communication level ranges from only small talk, interdependent to interactive communication.  Respondents gained their information from PKK and Posyandu cadres, nurse and private doctor, and community healts centre crew.  Mass media were not used as information sources, but it is more likely entertainment media.Key words :  Communication Behavior, Food Security,  Housewife

scholarly journals Socio-economic differences in the uptake of HIV testing and associated factors in South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Jooste ◽  
Musawenkosi Mabaso ◽  
Myra Taylor ◽  
Alicia North ◽  
Yolande Shean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Testing Uptake

Abstract Background Improved understanding of barriers to HIV testing is important for reaching the first of the UNAIDS 90–90-90 targets, which states that 90% of HIV positive individuals ought to know their HIV status. This study examined socio-economic status (SES) differences in HIV testing uptake and associated factors among youth and adults 15 years and older in South Africa. Methods This study used data from a national cross-sectional, population-based household survey conducted in 2017 using a multi-stage sampling design. A composite SES score was created using multiple correspondence analyses of household assets; households were classified into wealth quintiles and dichotomised into low SES/poorest (lowest 3 quintiles) and high SES/less-poor (highest 2 quintiles). Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine factors associated with the uptake of HIV testing in low and high SES households. Results HIV testing uptake was 73.8 and 76.7% among low and high SES households, respectively, both of which were below the first 90 targets. Among both low and high SES households, increased HIV testing uptake was significantly associated with females than males. The decreased likelihood was significantly associated with residing in rural formal areas than urban areas, those with no education or low levels of educational attainment and alcohol drinkers among low SES households. Whites and Indians/Asians had a decreased likelihood than Black Africans in high SES households. Conclusions HIV testing interventions should target males, residents in rural formal areas, those with no or low education and those that consume alcohol in low SES households, including Whites and Indians/Asians from high SES households in order to bridge socio-economic disparities in the uptake of HIV testing. This should entail expanding HIV testing beyond traditional centres for voluntary counselling and testing through outreach efforts, including mobile testing and home-based testing.

scholarly journals Keep Talking About It: HIV/AIDS-Related Communication and Prior HIV Testing in Tanzania, Zimbabwe, South Africa, and Thailand

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1213-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Setsuko Hendriksen ◽  
Daniel Hlubinka ◽  
Suwat Chariyalertsak ◽  
Alfred Chingono ◽  
Glenda Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Patterns of COVID-19 pandemic dynamics following deployment of a broad national immunization program

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hagai Rossman ◽  
Smadar Shilo ◽  
Tomer Meir ◽  
Malka Gorfine ◽  
Uri Shalit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
The Real ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Life Impact

AbstractStudies on the real-life impact of the BNT162b2 vaccine, recently authorized for the prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), are urgently needed. Here, we analysed the temporal dynamics of the number of new COVID-19 cases and hospitalization in Israel following a rapid vaccination campaign initiated on December 20th, 2020. We conducted a retrospective descriptive analysis of data originating from the Israeli Ministry of Health (MOH) from March 2020 to February 2021. In order to distill the possible effect of the vaccinations from other factors, including a third lockdown imposed in Israel on January 2021, we compared the time-dependent changes in number of COVID-19 cases and hospitalizations between (1) individuals aged 60 years and older, eligible to receive the vaccine earlier, and younger age groups; (2) the latest lockdown (which was imposed in parallel to the vaccine rollout) versus the previous lockdown, imposed on September 2020; (3) early-vaccinated cities compared to late-vaccinated cities; and (4) early-vaccinated geographical statistical areas (GSAs) compared to late-vaccinated GSAs. In mid-January, the number of COVID-19 cases and hospitalization started to decline, with a larger and earlier decrease among older individuals, followed by younger age groups, by the order in which they were prioritized for vaccination. This fast and early decline in older individuals was more evident in early-vaccinated compared to late-vaccinated cities. Such a pattern was not observed in the previous lockdown. Our analysis demonstrates evidence for the real-life impact of a national vaccination campaign in Israel on the pandemic dynamics. We believe that our findings have major public health implications in the struggle against the COVID-19 pandemic, including the public ’s perception of the need for and benefit of nationwide vaccination campaigns. More studies aimed at assessing the effectiveness and impact of vaccination both on the individual and on the population level, with longer followup, are needed.

Smoking in Italy, 1995

1998 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romano Pagano ◽  
Carlo La Vecchia ◽  
Adriano Decarli
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Aims and background Patterns and trends in smoking habits are a major determinant of subsequent incidence and mortality for lung cancer, and other tobacco related neoplasms on a population level. Methods and study design Smoking prevalence in Italy was analyzed using data from the 1995 National Multipurpose Survey, conducted by the National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) and based on a sample of 50,585 subjects (24,497 men and 26,088 women), aged 15 years or over, identified in strata of geographic area and size of the municipality in order to be representative of the general Italian population. Data on smoking were obtained through a self-administered questionnaire. Results Overall, 25.3% of Italians aged 15 years or over (34.1% of males, 17.1% of females) described themselves as current smokers, 20.5% (28.0% of males, 13.5% of females) as ex-smokers, and 54.2% (37.9% of males, 69.4% of females) as never smokers. Heavy current smokers (≥15 cigarettes per day) were 15.6% of males and 3.9% of females. Compared to previous surveys, reported smoking prevalence increased, mostly in the youngest age groups (15 to 24 years) in both sexes. However, the increase could be partly or largely attributable to the different modality of data collection (interview in previous surveys, self-administered questionnaire in the present survey), which may have reduced underreporting. Conclusions The data of the 1995 National Household Survey confirmed previous patterns of smoking in Italy, i.e., a higher smoking prevalence in less educated, southern Italian males, and in more educated, northern Italian females. These figures reflect therefore the importance of the social and cultural correlates of smoking. Moreover, the stability in smoking prevalence over the last few years reflects the absence of any organized and structured intervention on a legislation and public health level on the smoking issue in Italy.

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